Translation
Tirukkuralதிருக்குறள்
By Tiruvaḷḷuvar. Translated by G. U. Pope, 1886. Public domain.
A Tamil classic of 1,330 short couplets (kuṟaḷ) on virtue (aṟam), wealth and statecraft (poruḷ), and love (kāmam). Conventionally dated between the 3rd century BCE and the 5th century CE. G. U. Pope's English translation is one of the most widely-cited; multiple Tamil commentarial traditions exist alongside it.
Chapters
Chapter 1
Chapter 1: The Praise of God
Chapter 2
Chapter 2: The Excellence of Rain
Chapter 3
Chapter 3: The Greatness of Ascetics
Chapter 4
Chapter 4: Assertion of the Strength of Virtue
Chapter 5
Chapter 5: Domestic Life
Chapter 6
Chapter 6: The Goodness of the Help to Domestic Life
Chapter 7
Chapter 7: The Obtaining of Sons
Chapter 8
Chapter 8: The Possession of Love
Chapter 9
Chapter 9: Cherishing Guests
Chapter 10
Chapter 10: The Utterance of Pleasant Wordse
Chapter 11
Chapter 11: The Knowledge of Benefits Conferred: Gratitude
Chapter 12
Chapter 12: Impartiality
Chapter 13
Chapter 13: The Possession of Self-restraint
Chapter 14
Chapter 14: The Possession of Decorum
Chapter 15
Chapter 15: Not coveting another's Wife
Chapter 16
Chapter 16: The Possession of Patience, Forbearance
Chapter 17
Chapter 17: Not Envying
Chapter 18
Chapter 18: Not Coveting
Chapter 19
Chapter 19: Not Backbiting
Chapter 20
Chapter 20: The Not Speaking Profitless Words
Chapter 21
Chapter 21: Dread of Evil Deeds
Chapter 22
Chapter 22: The knowledge of what is Befitting a Man's Position
Chapter 23
Chapter 23: Giving
Chapter 24
Chapter 24: Renown
Chapter 25
Chapter 25: The Possession of Benevolence
Chapter 26
Chapter 26: The Renunciation of Flesh
Chapter 27
Chapter 27: Penance
Chapter 28
Chapter 28: Inconsistent Conduct
Chapter 29
Chapter 29: The Absence of Fraud
Chapter 30
Chapter 30: Veracity
Chapter 31
Chapter 31: The not being Angry
Chapter 32
Chapter 32: Not doing Evil
Chapter 33
Chapter 33: Not killing
Chapter 34
Chapter 34: Instability
Chapter 35
Chapter 35: Renunciation
Chapter 36
Chapter 36: Knowledge of the True
Chapter 37
Chapter 37: The Extirpation of Desire
Chapter 38
Chapter 38: Fate
Chapter 39
Chapter 39: The Greatness of a King
Chapter 40
Chapter 40: Learning
Chapter 41
Chapter 41: Ignorance
Chapter 42
Chapter 42: Hearing
Chapter 43
Chapter 43: The Possession of Knowledge
Chapter 44
Chapter 44: The Correction of Faults
Chapter 45
Chapter 45: Seeking the Aid of Great Men
Chapter 46
Chapter 46: Avoiding mean Associations
Chapter 47
Chapter 47: Acting after due Consideration
Chapter 48
Chapter 48: The Knowledge of Power
Chapter 49
Chapter 49: Knowing the fitting Time
Chapter 50
Chapter 50: Knowing the Place
Chapter 51
Chapter 51: Selection and Confidence
Chapter 52
Chapter 52: Selection and Employment
Chapter 53
Chapter 53: Cherishing one's Kindred
Chapter 54
Chapter 54: Unforgetfulness
Chapter 55
Chapter 55: The Right Sceptre
Chapter 56
Chapter 56: The Cruel Sceptre
Chapter 57
Chapter 57: Absence of 'Terrorism'
Chapter 58
Chapter 58: Benignity
Chapter 59
Chapter 59: Detectives
Chapter 60
Chapter 60: Energy
Chapter 61
Chapter 61: Unsluggishness
Chapter 62
Chapter 62: Manly Effort
Chapter 63
Chapter 63: Hopefulness in Trouble
Chapter 64
Chapter 64: The Office of Minister of state
Chapter 65
Chapter 65: Power in Speech
Chapter 66
Chapter 66: Purity in Action
Chapter 67
Chapter 67: Power in Action
Chapter 68
Chapter 68: The Method of Acting
Chapter 69
Chapter 69: The Envoy
Chapter 70
Chapter 70: Conduct in the Presence of the King
Chapter 71
Chapter 71: The Knowledge of Indications
Chapter 72
Chapter 72: The Knowledge of the Council Chamber
Chapter 73
Chapter 73: Not to dread the Council
Chapter 74
Chapter 74: The Land
Chapter 75
Chapter 75: The Fortification
Chapter 76
Chapter 76: Way of Accumulating Wealth
Chapter 77
Chapter 77: The Excellence of an Army
Chapter 78
Chapter 78: Military Spirit
Chapter 79
Chapter 79: Friendship
Chapter 80
Chapter 80: Investigation in forming Friendships
Chapter 81
Chapter 81: Familiarity
Chapter 82
Chapter 82: Evil Friendship
Chapter 83
Chapter 83: Unreal Friendship
Chapter 84
Chapter 84: Folly
Chapter 85
Chapter 85: Ignorance
Chapter 86
Chapter 86: Hostility
Chapter 87
Chapter 87: The Might of Hatred
Chapter 88
Chapter 88: Knowing the Quality of Hate
Chapter 89
Chapter 89: Enmity within
Chapter 90
Chapter 90: Not Offending the Grea
Chapter 91
Chapter 91: Being led by Women
Chapter 92
Chapter 92: Wanton Women
Chapter 93
Chapter 93: Not Drinking Palm-Wine
Chapter 94
Chapter 94: Gaming (Gambling)
Chapter 95
Chapter 95: Medicine
Chapter 96
Chapter 96: Nobility
Chapter 97
Chapter 97: Honour
Chapter 98
Chapter 98: Greatness
Chapter 99
Chapter 99: Perfectness
Chapter 100
Chapter 100: Courtesy
Chapter 101
Chapter 101: Wealth without Benefaction
Chapter 102
Chapter 102: Shame
Chapter 103
Chapter 103: The Way of Maintaining the Family
Chapter 104
Chapter 104: Agriculture
Chapter 105
Chapter 105: Poverty
Chapter 106
Chapter 106: Mendicancy
Chapter 107
Chapter 107: The Dread of Mendicancy
Chapter 108
Chapter 108: Baseness
Chapter 109
Chapter 109: Mental Disturbance caused by the Beauty of the Princess
Chapter 110
Chapter 110: Recognition of the Signs (of Mutual Love)
Chapter 111
Chapter 111: Rejoicing in the Embrace
Chapter 112
Chapter 112: The Praise of her Beauty
Chapter 113
Chapter 113: Declaration of Love's special Excellence
Chapter 114
Chapter 114: The Abandonment of Reserve
Chapter 115
Chapter 115: The Announcement of the Rumour
Chapter 116
Chapter 116: Separation unendurable
Chapter 117
Chapter 117: Complainings
Chapter 118
Chapter 118: Eyes consumed with Grief
Chapter 119
Chapter 119: The Pallid Hue
Chapter 120
Chapter 120: The Solitary Anguish
Chapter 121
Chapter 121: Sad Memories
Chapter 122
Chapter 122: The Visions of the Night
Chapter 123
Chapter 123: Lamentations at Eventide
Chapter 124
Chapter 124: Wasting Away
Chapter 125
Chapter 125: Soliloquy
Chapter 126
Chapter 126: Reserve Overcome
Chapter 127
Chapter 127: Mutual Desire
Chapter 128
Chapter 128: The Reading of the Signs
Chapter 129
Chapter 129: Desire for Reunion
Chapter 130
Chapter 130: Expostulation with Oneself
Chapter 131
Chapter 131: Pouting
Chapter 132
Chapter 132: Feigned Anger
Chapter 133
Chapter 133: The Pleasures of 'Temporary Variance