Swaveda

Translation

Rigvedaऋग्वेद

By Multiple Vedic ṛṣis (oral tradition). Translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith, 1896. Public domain.

The earliest of the four Vedas, composed in archaic Sanskrit roughly between 1500 and 1000 BCE. A collection of 1,028 hymns to deities and natural forces, organized into ten maṇḍalas. Griffith's late-19th-century translation is accessible but has been superseded on philology by Jamison & Brereton (Oxford, 2014).

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Chapters

  1. Chapter 1

    Maṇḍala 1 — 191 hymns, mostly to Agni and Indra

  2. Chapter 2

    Maṇḍala 2 — 43 hymns of the Gṛtsamada family

  3. Chapter 3

    Maṇḍala 3 — 62 hymns of the Viśvāmitra family (incl. Gāyatrī)

  4. Chapter 4

    Maṇḍala 4 — 58 hymns of the Vāmadeva family

  5. Chapter 5

    Maṇḍala 5 — 87 hymns of the Atri family

  6. Chapter 6

    Maṇḍala 6 — 75 hymns of the Bharadvāja family

  7. Chapter 7

    Maṇḍala 7 — 104 hymns of the Vasiṣṭha family

  8. Chapter 8

    Maṇḍala 8 — 103 hymns, mixed authorship (Kāṇva and Aṅgiras)

  9. Chapter 9

    Maṇḍala 9 — 114 hymns to Soma Pavamāna

  10. Chapter 10

    Maṇḍala 10 — 191 hymns, latest layer (Puruṣa Sūkta, Nāsadīya)