Swaveda

Translation

Surya Siddhantaसूर्यसिद्धान्त

By Anonymous (multiple recensions, conventionally pre-500 CE). Translated by Ebenezer Burgess, 1860. Public domain.

An early Sanskrit treatise on astronomical computation — planetary positions, eclipses, time-cycles, geographical coordinates. Burgess's 1860 translation, originally published in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, remains the most accessible English version. The mathematical and astronomical content makes this an unusually concrete window into pre-modern Indian science.

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Chapters

  1. Chapter 1

    Chapter 1: Mean Motions of the Planets

  2. Chapter 2

    Chapter 2: True Places of the Planets

  3. Chapter 3

    Chapter 3: Direction, Place, and Time

  4. Chapter 4

    Chapter 4: Eclipses of the Sun

  5. Chapter 5

    Chapter 5: Eclipses of the Moon

  6. Chapter 6

    Chapter 6: Projection of Eclipses

  7. Chapter 7

    Chapter 7: Planetary Conjunctions

  8. Chapter 8

    Chapter 8: Conjunctions of the Planets with Stars

  9. Chapter 9

    Chapter 9: Heliacal Risings and Settings

  10. Chapter 10

    Chapter 10: Phases of the Moon

  11. Chapter 11

    Chapter 11: Cosmography

  12. Chapter 12

    Chapter 12: Geography (the Sphere)

  13. Chapter 13

    Chapter 13: Astronomical Instruments

  14. Chapter 14

    Chapter 14: Astronomical Topics