Pāda II — Sādhana Pāda (On Practice)

Translated by Charles Johnston (1912, public domain), 1900. Public domain.

Original script:

2.1
तपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि क्रियायोगः
tapaḥsvādhyāyeśvarapraṇidhānāni kriyāyogaḥ
The practices which make for union with the Soul are: fervent aspiration, spiritual reading, and complete obedience to the Master.
2.2
समाधिभावनार्थः क्लेशतनूकरणार्थश्च
samādhibhāvanārthaḥ kleśatanūkaraṇārthaśca
Their aim is, to bring soul-vision, and to wear away hindrances.
2.3
अविद्यास्मितारागद्वेषाभिनिवेशाः क्लेशाः
avidyāsmitārāgadveṣābhiniveśāḥ kleśāḥ
These are the hindrances: the darkness of unwisdom, self-assertion, lust hate, attachment.
2.4
अविद्या क्षेत्रं उत्तरेषां प्रसुप्ततनुविच्छिन्नोदाराणां
avidyā kṣetraṃ uttareṣāṃ prasuptatanuvicchinnodārāṇāṃ
The darkness of unwisdom is the field of the others. These hindrances may be dormant, or worn thin, or suspended, or expanded.
2.5
अनित्याशुचिदुःखानात्मसु नित्यशुचिसुखात्मख्यातिरविद्या
anityāśuciduḥkhānātmasu nityaśucisukhātmakhyātiravidyā
The darkness of ignorance is: holding that which is unenduring,
2.6
दृग्दर्शनशक्त्योरेकात्मतेवास्मिता
dṛgdarśanaśaktyorekātmatevāsmitā
Self -assertion comes from thinking of the Seer and the instrument of vision as forming one self.
2.7
सुखानुशयी रागः
sukhānuśayī rāgaḥ
Lust is the resting in the sense of enjoyment.
2.8
दुःखानुशयी द्वेषः
duḥkhānuśayī dveṣaḥ
Hate is the resting in the sense of pain.
2.9
स्वरसवाही विदुषोऽपि तथारूढोऽभिनिवेशः
svarasavāhī viduṣo'pi tathārūḍho'bhiniveśaḥ
Attachment is the desire toward life, even in the wise, carried forward by its own energy.
2.10
ते प्रतिप्रसवहेयाः सूक्ष्माः
te pratiprasavaheyāḥ sūkṣmāḥ
These hindrances, when they have become subtle, are to be removed by a countercurrent
2.11
ध्यानहेयास्तद्वृत्तयः
dhyānaheyāstadvṛttayaḥ
Their active turnings are to be removed by meditation.
2.12
क्लेशमूलः कर्माशयो दृष्टादृष्टजन्मवेदनीयः
kleśamūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭajanmavedanīyaḥ
The burden of bondage to sorrow has its root in these hindrances. It will be felt in this life, or in a life not yet manifested.
2.13
सति मूले तद्विपाको जात्यायुर्भोगाः
sati mūle tadvipāko jātyāyurbhogāḥ
From this root there grow and ripen the fruits of birth, of the life-span, of all that is tasted in life.
2.14
ते ह्लादपरितापफलाः पुण्यापुण्यहेतुत्वात्
te hlādaparitāpaphalāḥ puṇyāpuṇyahetutvāt
These bear fruits of rejoicing, or of affliction, as they are sprung from holy or unholy works.
2.15
परिणामतापसंस्कारदुःखैर्गुणवृत्तिविरोधाच्च दुःखमेव सर्वं विवेकिनः
pariṇāmatāpasaṃskāraduḥkhairguṇavṛttivirodhācca duḥkhameva sarvaṃ vivekinaḥ
To him who possesses discernment, all personal life is misery, because it ever waxes and wanes, is ever afflicted with restlessness, makes ever new dynamic impresses in the mind; and because all its activities war with each other.
2.16
हेयं दुःखं अनागतं
heyaṃ duḥkhaṃ anāgataṃ
This pain is to be warded off, before it has come.
2.17
द्रष्टृदृश्ययोः संयोगो हेयहेतुः
draṣṭṛdṛśyayoḥ saṃyogo heyahetuḥ
The cause of what is to be warded off, is the absorption of the Seer in things seen.
2.18
प्रकाशक्रियास्थितिशीलं भूतेन्द्रियात्मकं भोगापवर्गार्थंदृश्यं
prakāśakriyāsthitiśīlaṃ bhūtendriyātmakaṃ bhogāpavargārthaṃdṛśyaṃ
Things seen have as their property manifestation, action, inertia. They form the basis of the elements and the sense-powers. They make for experience and for liberation.
2.19
विशेषाविशेषलिङ्गमात्रालिङ्गानि गुणपर्वाणि
viśeṣāviśeṣaliṅgamātrāliṅgāni guṇaparvāṇi
The grades or layers of the Three Potencies are the defined, the undefined, that with distinctive mark, that without distinctive mark.
2.20
द्रष्टा दृशिमात्रः शुद्धोऽपि प्रत्ययानुपश्यः
draṣṭā dṛśimātraḥ śuddho'pi pratyayānupaśyaḥ
The Seer is pure vision. Though pure, he looks out through the vesture of the mind.
2.21
तदर्थ एव दृश्यस्यात्मा
tadartha eva dṛśyasyātmā
The very essence of things seen is, that they exist for the Seer.
2.22
कृतार्थं प्रति नष्टं अप्यनष्टं तद्, अन्यसाधारणत्वात्
kṛtārthaṃ prati naṣṭaṃ apyanaṣṭaṃ tad, anyasādhāraṇatvāt
Though fallen away from him who has reached the goal, things seen have not alto fallen away, since they still exist for others.
2.23
स्वस्वामिशक्त्योः स्वरूपोपलब्धिहेतुः संयोगः
svasvāmiśaktyoḥ svarūpopalabdhihetuḥ saṃyogaḥ
The association of the Seer with things seen is the cause of the realizing of the nature of things seen, and also of the realizing of the nature of the Seer.
2.24
तस्य हेतुरविद्या
tasya heturavidyā
The cause of this association is the darkness of unwisdom.
2.25
तदभावात्संयोगाभावो हानं. तद्दृशेः कैवल्यं
tadabhāvātsaṃyogābhāvo hānaṃ. taddṛśeḥ kaivalyaṃ
The bringing of this association to an end, by bringing the darkness of unwisdom to an end, is the great liberation; this is the Seer's attainment of his own pure being.
2.26
विवेकख्यातिरविप्लवा हानोपायः
vivekakhyātiraviplavā hānopāyaḥ
A discerning which is carried on without wavering is the means of liberation.
2.27
तस्य सप्तधा प्रान्तभूमिः प्रज्ञा
tasya saptadhā prāntabhūmiḥ prajñā
His illuminations is sevenfold, rising In successive stages.
2.28
योगाङ्गानुष्ठानादशुद्धिक्षये ज्ञानदीप्तिर्, आविवेकख्यातेः
yogāṅgānuṣṭhānādaśuddhikṣaye jñānadīptir, āvivekakhyāteḥ
From steadfastly following after the means of Yoga, until impurity is worn away, there comes the illumination of thought up to full discernment.
2.29
यमनियमासनप्राणायामप्रत्याहारधारणाध्यानसमाधयोऽष्टावङ्गानि
yamaniyamāsanaprāṇāyāmapratyāhāradhāraṇādhyānasamādhayo'ṣṭāvaṅgāni
The eight means of Yoga are: the Commandments, the Rules, right Poise, right Control of the life-force, Withdrawal, Attention, Meditation, Contemplation.
2.30
अहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहा यमाः
ahiṃsāsatyāsteyabrahmacaryāparigrahā yamāḥ
The Commandments are these: nom injury, truthfulness, abstaining from stealing, from impurity, from covetousness.
2.31
जातिदेशकालसमयानवच्छिन्नाः सार्वभौमा महाव्रतं
jātideśakālasamayānavacchinnāḥ sārvabhaumā mahāvrataṃ
The Commandments, not limited to any race, place, time or occasion, universal, are the great obligation.
2.32
शौचसंतोषतपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि नियमाः
śaucasaṃtoṣatapaḥsvādhyāyeśvarapraṇidhānāni niyamāḥ
The Rules are these: purity, serenity fervent aspiration, spiritual reading, and per feet obedience to the Master.
2.33
वितर्कबाधने प्रतिपक्षभावनं
vitarkabādhane pratipakṣabhāvanaṃ
When transgressions hinder, the weight of the imagination should be thrown' on the opposite side.
2.34
वितर्का हिंसादयः कृतकारितानुमोदिता लोभक्रोधमोहपूर्वकामृदुमध्याधिमात्रा दुःखाज्ञानानन्तफला इतिप्रतिपक्षभावनं
vitarkā hiṃsādayaḥ kṛtakāritānumoditā lobhakrodhamohapūrvakāmṛdumadhyādhimātrā duḥkhājñānānantaphalā itipratipakṣabhāvanaṃ
Transgressions are injury, falsehood, theft, incontinence, envy; whether committed, or caused, or assented to, through greed, wrath, or infatuation; whether faint, or middling, or excessive; bearing endless, fruit of ignorance and pain. Therefore must the weight be cast on the other side.
2.35
अहिंसाप्रतिष्ठायां तत्संनिधौ वैरत्यागः
ahiṃsāpratiṣṭhāyāṃ tatsaṃnidhau vairatyāgaḥ
Where non-injury is perfected, all enmity ceases in the presence of him who possesses it.
2.36
सत्यप्रतिष्ठायां क्रियाफलाश्रयत्वं
satyapratiṣṭhāyāṃ kriyāphalāśrayatvaṃ
When he is perfected in truth, all acts and their fruits depend on him.
2.37
अस्तेयप्रतिष्ठायां सर्वरत्नोपस्थानं
asteyapratiṣṭhāyāṃ sarvaratnopasthānaṃ
Where cessation from theft is perfected, all treasures present themselves to him who possesses it.
2.38
ब्रह्मचर्यप्रतिष्ठायां वीर्यलाभः
brahmacaryapratiṣṭhāyāṃ vīryalābhaḥ
For him who is perfect in continence, the reward is valour and virility.
2.39
अपरिग्रहस्थैर्ये जन्मकथंतासंबोधः
aparigrahasthairye janmakathaṃtāsaṃbodhaḥ
Where there is firm conquest of covetousness, he who has conquered it awakes to the how and why of life.
2.40
शौचात्स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा परैरसंसर्गः
śaucātsvāṅgajugupsā parairasaṃsargaḥ
Through purity a withdrawal from one's own bodily life, a ceasing from infatuation with the bodily life of others.
2.41
सत्त्वशुद्धिसौमनस्यैकाग्र्येन्द्रियजयात्मदर्शनयोग्यत्वानि च
sattvaśuddhisaumanasyaikāgryendriyajayātmadarśanayogyatvāni ca
To the pure of heart come also a quiet spirit, one-pointed thought, the victory over sensuality, and fitness to behold the Soul.
2.42
संतोषादनुत्तमः सुखलाभः
saṃtoṣādanuttamaḥ sukhalābhaḥ
From acceptance, the disciple gains happiness supreme.
2.43
कायेन्द्रियसिद्धिरशुद्धिक्षयात्तपसः
kāyendriyasiddhiraśuddhikṣayāttapasaḥ
The perfection of the powers of the bodily vesture comes through the wearing away of impurities, and through fervent aspiration.
2.44
स्वाध्यायादिष्टदेवतासंप्रयोगः
svādhyāyādiṣṭadevatāsaṃprayogaḥ
Through spiritual reading, the disciple gains communion with the divine Power on which his heart is set.
2.45
समाधिसिद्धिरीश्वरप्रणिधानात्
samādhisiddhirīśvarapraṇidhānāt
Soul-vision is perfected through perfect obedience to the Master.
2.46
स्थिरसुखं आसनं
sthirasukhaṃ āsanaṃ
Right poise must be firm and without strain.
2.47
प्रयत्नशैथिल्यानन्तसमापत्तिभ्यां
prayatnaśaithilyānantasamāpattibhyāṃ
Right poise is to be gained by steady and temperate effort, and by setting the heart upon the everlasting.
2.48
ततो द्वन्द्वानभिघातः
tato dvandvānabhighātaḥ
2.49
तस्मिन्सति श्वासप्रश्वासयोर्गतिविच्छेदः प्राणायामः
tasminsati śvāsapraśvāsayorgativicchedaḥ prāṇāyāmaḥ
When this is gained, there follows the right guidance of the life-currents, the control of the incoming and outgoing breath.
2.50
बाह्याभ्यन्तरस्तम्भवृत्तिर् देशकालसंख्याभिःपरिदृष्टो दीर्घसूक्ष्मः
bāhyābhyantarastambhavṛttir deśakālasaṃkhyābhiḥparidṛṣṭo dīrghasūkṣmaḥ
The life-current is either outward, or inward, or balanced; it is regulated according to place, time, number; it is prolonged and subtle.
2.51
बाह्याभ्यन्तरविषयाक्षेपी चतुर्थः
bāhyābhyantaraviṣayākṣepī caturthaḥ
The fourth degree transcends external and internal objects.
2.52
ततः क्षीयते प्रकाशावरणं
tataḥ kṣīyate prakāśāvaraṇaṃ
Thereby is worn away the veil which covers up the light.
2.53
धारणासु च योग्यता मनसः
dhāraṇāsu ca yogyatā manasaḥ
Thence comes the mind's power to hold itself in the light.
2.54
स्वविषयासंप्रयोगे चित्तस्य स्वरूपानुकार इवेन्द्रियाणांप्रत्याहारः
svaviṣayāsaṃprayoge cittasya svarūpānukāra ivendriyāṇāṃpratyāhāraḥ
The right Withdrawal is the disengaging of the powers from entanglement in outer things, as the psychic nature has been withdrawn and stilled.
2.55
ततः परमा वश्यतेन्द्रियाणां
tataḥ paramā vaśyatendriyāṇāṃ
Thereupon follows perfect mastery over the powers.

Commentary

The second pāda lays out the practical eight-limbed yoga path through yama, niyama, āsana, and the early stages of meditation. 55 sūtras.