Swaveda

Manusmriti (Laws of Manu) · Chapter 4

Adhyaya 4: Means of Subsistence; Conduct

Translated by Georg Bühler (1886, Sacred Books of the East Vol 25, public domain), 1886. Public domain.

Original script:
  1. 4.1

    चतुर्थं आयुषो भागं उषित्वाद्यं गुरौ द्विजाः ।द्वितीयं आयुषो भागं कृतदारो गृहे वसेत्

    caturthaṃ āyuṣo bhāgaṃ uṣitvādyaṃ gurau dvijāḥ |dvitīyaṃ āyuṣo bhāgaṃ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaset

    The sages, having heard the duties of a Snataka thus declared, spoke to great-souled Bhrzgu, who sprang from fire :

  2. 4.2

    अद्रोहेणैव भूतानां अल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः ।या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि

    adroheṇaiva bhūtānāṃ alpadroheṇa vā punaḥ |yā vṛttistāṃ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi

    'How can Death have power over Brahma^as

  3. 4.3

    यात्रामात्रप्रसिद्ध्यर्थं स्वैः कर्मभिरगर्हितैः ।अक्लेशेन शरीरस्य कुर्वीत धनसंचयम्

    yātrāmātraprasiddhyarthaṃ svaiḥ karmabhiragarhitaiḥ |akleśena śarīrasya kurvīta dhanasaṃcayam

    Righteous Bhrzgu, the son of Manu, (thus) answered the great sages : ' Hear, (in punishment) of what faults Death seeks to shorten the lives of Brahma^as ! '

  4. 4.4

    ऋतामृताभ्यां जीवेत्तु मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा ।सत्यानृताभ्यां अपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदा चन

    ṛtāmṛtābhyāṃ jīvettu mṛtena pramṛtena vā |satyānṛtābhyāṃ api vā na śvavṛttyā kadā cana

    ' Through neglect of the Veda-study, through deviation from the rule of conduct, through remiss- ness (in the fulfilment of duties), and through faults (committed by eating forbidden) food, Death be-

  5. 4.5

    ऋतं उञ्छशिलं ज्ञेयं अमृतं स्यादयाचितम् ।मृतं तु याचितं भैक्षं प्रमृतं कर्षणं स्मृतम्

    ṛtaṃ uñchaśilaṃ jñeyaṃ amṛtaṃ syādayācitam |mṛtaṃ tu yācitaṃ bhaikṣaṃ pramṛtaṃ karṣaṇaṃ smṛtam

    Garlic, leeks and onions, mushrooms and (all plants), springing from impure (substances), are unfit to be eaten by twice-born men.

  6. 4.6

    सत्यानृतं तु वाणिज्यं तेन चैवापि जीव्यते ।सेवा श्ववृत्तिराख्याता तस्मात्तां परिवर्जयेत्

    satyānṛtaṃ tu vāṇijyaṃ tena caivāpi jīvyate |sevā śvavṛttirākhyātā tasmāttāṃ parivarjayet

    One should carefully avoid red exudations from trees and (juices) flowing from incisions, the .Selu (fruit), and the thickened milk of a cow (which she gives after calving).

  7. 4.7

    कुसूलधान्यको वा स्यात्कुम्भीधान्यक एव वा ।त्र्यहैहिको वापि भवेदश्वस्तनिक एव वा

    kusūladhānyako vā syātkumbhīdhānyaka eva vā |tryahaihiko vāpi bhavedaśvastanika eva vā

    Rice boiled with sesamum, wheat mixed with butter, milk and sugar, milk-rice and flour-cakes which are not prepared for a sacrifice, meat which has not been sprinkled with water while sacred texts

  8. 4.8

    चतुर्णां अपि चैतेषां द्विजानां गृहमेधिनाम् ।ज्यायान्परः परो ज्ञेयो धर्मतो लोकजित्तमः

    caturṇāṃ api caiteṣāṃ dvijānāṃ gṛhamedhinām |jyāyānparaḥ paro jñeyo dharmato lokajittamaḥ

    The milk of a cow (or other female animal) within ten days after her calving, that of camels, 5-25. Ap. I, 17, 18-39 ; Gaut. XVII, 22-36 ; Vas. XIV, 33-48 ; Baudh. I, 12, 1-15; Vi. LI, 3-6, 21-42; Yagii. I, 169-178. .Selu,

  9. 4.9

    षट्कर्मैको भवत्येषां त्रिभिरन्यः प्रवर्तते ।द्वाभ्यां एकश्चतुर्थस्तु ब्रह्मसत्त्रेण जीवति

    ṣaṭkarmaiko bhavatyeṣāṃ tribhiranyaḥ pravartate |dvābhyāṃ ekaścaturthastu brahmasattreṇa jīvati

    (The milk) of all wild animals excepting buffalo- cows, that of women, and all (substances turned) sour must be avoided.

  10. 4.10

    वर्तयंश्च शिलोञ्छाभ्यां अग्निहोत्रपरायणः ।इष्टीः पार्वायणान्तीयाः केवला निर्वपेत्सदा

    vartayaṃśca śiloñchābhyāṃ agnihotraparāyaṇaḥ |iṣṭīḥ pārvāyaṇāntīyāḥ kevalā nirvapetsadā

    Among (things turned) sour, sour milk, and all (food) prepared of it may be eaten, likewise what is extracted from pure flowers, roots, and fruit.

  11. 4.11

    न लोकवृत्तं वर्तेत वृत्तिहेतोः कथं चन ।अजिह्मां अशथां शुद्धां जीवेद्ब्राह्मणजीविकाम्

    na lokavṛttaṃ varteta vṛttihetoḥ kathaṃ cana |ajihmāṃ aśathāṃ śuddhāṃ jīvedbrāhmaṇajīvikām

    Let him avoid all carnivorous birds and those living in villages, and one-hoofed animals which are not specially permitted (to be eaten), and the Txtti- bha (Parra Jacana),

  12. 4.12

    संतोषं परं आस्थाय सुखार्थी संयतो भवेत् ।संतोषमूलं हि सुखं दुःखमूलं विपर्ययः

    saṃtoṣaṃ paraṃ āsthāya sukhārthī saṃyato bhavet |saṃtoṣamūlaṃ hi sukhaṃ duḥkhamūlaṃ viparyayaḥ

    The sparrow, the Plava, the Ha;/zsa, the Brahma^i duck, the village-cock, the Sarasa crane, the Ra^udala, the woodpecker, the parrot, and the starling,

  13. 4.13

    अतोऽन्यतमया वृत्त्या जीवंस्तु स्नातको द्विजः ।स्वर्गायुष्ययशस्यानि व्रताणीमानि धारयेत्

    ato'nyatamayā vṛttyā jīvaṃstu snātako dvijaḥ |svargāyuṣyayaśasyāni vratāṇīmāni dhārayet

    Those which feed striking with their beaks, web-footed birds, the Koyash/i, those which scratch with their toes, those which dive and live on fish, meat from a slaughter-house and dried meat,

  14. 4.14

    वेदोदितं स्वकं कर्म नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः ।तद्धि कुर्वन्यथाशक्ति प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम्

    vedoditaṃ svakaṃ karma nityaṃ kuryādatandritaḥ |taddhi kurvanyathāśakti prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim

    The Baka and the Balaka crane, the raven, the Kha/^ari/aka, (animals) that eat fish, village- pigs, and all kinds of fishes.

  15. 4.15

    नेहेतार्थान्प्रसङ्गेन न विरुद्धेन कर्मणा ।न विद्यमानेष्वर्थेषु नार्त्यां अपि यतस्ततः

    nehetārthānprasaṅgena na viruddhena karmaṇā |na vidyamāneṣvartheṣu nārtyāṃ api yatastataḥ

    He who eats the flesh of any (animal) is to Medh. and Gov. ' one who gives milk once a day only/ and according to Nand. and K. ' one big with a calf.'

  16. 4.16

    इन्द्रियार्थेषु सर्वेषु न प्रसज्येत कामतः ।अतिप्रसक्तिं चैतेषां मनसा संनिवर्तयेत्

    indriyārtheṣu sarveṣu na prasajyeta kāmataḥ |atiprasaktiṃ caiteṣāṃ manasā saṃnivartayet

  17. 4.17

    सर्वान्परित्यजेदर्थान्स्वाध्यायस्य विरोधिनः ।यथा तथाध्यापयंस्तु सा ह्यस्य कृतकृत्यता

    sarvānparityajedarthānsvādhyāyasya virodhinaḥ |yathā tathādhyāpayaṃstu sā hyasya kṛtakṛtyatā

  18. 4.18

    वयसः कर्मणोऽर्थस्य श्रुतस्याभिजनस्य च ।वेषवाग्बुद्धिसारूप्यं आचरन्विचरेदिह

    vayasaḥ karmaṇo'rthasya śrutasyābhijanasya ca |veṣavāgbuddhisārūpyaṃ ācaranvicarediha

  19. 4.19

    बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च ।नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान्

    buddhivṛddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca |nityaṃ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṃścaiva vaidikān

  20. 4.20

    यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति ।तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते

    yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṃ samadhigacchati |tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṃ cāsya rocate

  21. 4.21

    ऋषियज्ञं देवयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं च सर्वदा ।नृयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं च यथाशक्ति न हापयेत्

    ṛṣiyajñaṃ devayajñaṃ bhūtayajñaṃ ca sarvadā |nṛyajñaṃ pitṛyajñaṃ ca yathāśakti na hāpayet

  22. 4.22

    एतानेके महायज्ञान्यज्ञशास्त्रविदो जनाः ।अनीहमानाः सततं इन्द्रियेष्वेव जुह्वति

    etāneke mahāyajñānyajñaśāstravido janāḥ |anīhamānāḥ satataṃ indriyeṣveva juhvati

  23. 4.23

    वाच्येके जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणे वाचं च सर्वदा ।वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तो यज्ञनिर्वृत्तिं अक्षयाम्

    vācyeke juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe vācaṃ ca sarvadā |vāci prāṇe ca paśyanto yajñanirvṛttiṃ akṣayām

  24. 4.24

    ज्ञानेनैवापरे विप्रा यजन्त्येतैर्मखैः सदा ।ज्ञानमूलां क्रियां एषां पश्यन्तो ज्ञानचक्षुषा

    jñānenaivāpare viprā yajantyetairmakhaiḥ sadā |jñānamūlāṃ kriyāṃ eṣāṃ paśyanto jñānacakṣuṣā

  25. 4.25

    अग्निहोत्रं च जुहुयादाद्यन्ते द्युनिशोः सदा ।दर्शेन चार्धमासान्ते पौर्णामासेन चैव हि

    agnihotraṃ ca juhuyādādyante dyuniśoḥ sadā |darśena cārdhamāsānte paurṇāmāsena caiva hi

  26. 4.26

    सस्यान्ते नवसस्येष्ट्या तथा र्त्वन्ते द्विजोऽध्वरैः ।पशुना त्वयनस्यादौ समान्ते सौमिकैर्मखैः

    sasyānte navasasyeṣṭyā tathā rtvante dvijo'dhvaraiḥ |paśunā tvayanasyādau samānte saumikairmakhaiḥ

  27. 4.27

    नानिष्ट्वा नवसस्येष्ट्या पशुना चाग्निमान्द्विजः ।नवान्नं अद्यान्मांसं वा दीर्घं आयुर्जिजीविषुः

    nāniṣṭvā navasasyeṣṭyā paśunā cāgnimāndvijaḥ |navānnaṃ adyānmāṃsaṃ vā dīrghaṃ āyurjijīviṣuḥ

  28. 4.28

    नवेनानर्चिता ह्यस्य पशुहव्येन चाग्नयः ।प्राणानेवात्तुं इच्छन्ति नवान्नामिषगर्धिनः

    navenānarcitā hyasya paśuhavyena cāgnayaḥ |prāṇānevāttuṃ icchanti navānnāmiṣagardhinaḥ

  29. 4.29

    आसनाशनशय्याभिरद्भिर्मूलफलेन वा ।नास्य कश्चिद्वसेद्गेहे शक्तितोऽनर्चितोऽतिथिः

    āsanāśanaśayyābhiradbhirmūlaphalena vā |nāsya kaścidvasedgehe śaktito'narcito'tithiḥ

  30. 4.30

    पाषण्डिनो विकर्मस्थान्बैडालव्रतिकाञ् शठान् ।हैतुकान्बकवृत्तींश्च वाङ्गात्रेणापि नार्चयेत्

    pāṣaṇḍino vikarmasthānbaiḍālavratikāñ śaṭhān |haitukānbakavṛttīṃśca vāṅgātreṇāpi nārcayet

  31. 4.31

    वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाताञ् श्रोत्रियान्गृहमेधिनः ।पूजयेद्धव्यकव्येन विपरीतांश्च वर्जयेत्

    vedavidyāvratasnātāñ śrotriyāngṛhamedhinaḥ |pūjayeddhavyakavyena viparītāṃśca varjayet

    Nand. reads griham agatan, 'who have come to his house,' instead of gr/hamedhina^, ' who are householders.' If L

  32. 4.32

    शक्तितोऽपचमानेभ्यो दातव्यं गृहमेधिना ।संविभागश्च भूतेभ्यः कर्तव्योऽनुपरोधतः

    śaktito'pacamānebhyo dātavyaṃ gṛhamedhinā |saṃvibhāgaśca bhūtebhyaḥ kartavyo'nuparodhataḥ

    A householder must give (as much food) as he is able (to spare) to those who do not cook for themselves, and to all beings one must distribute (food) without detriment (to one's own interest).

  33. 4.33

    राजतो धनं अन्विच्छेत्संसीदन्स्नातकः क्षुधा ।याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वापि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः

    rājato dhanaṃ anvicchetsaṃsīdansnātakaḥ kṣudhā |yājyāntevāsinorvāpi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ

    A Snataka who pines with hunger, may beg wealth of a king, of one for whom he sacrifices, and of a pupil, but not of others ; that is a settled rule.

  34. 4.34

    न सीदेत्स्नातको विप्रः क्षुधा शक्तः कथं चन ।न जीर्णमलवद्वासा भवेच्च विभवे सति

    na sīdetsnātako vipraḥ kṣudhā śaktaḥ kathaṃ cana |na jīrṇamalavadvāsā bhavecca vibhave sati

    A Snataka who is able (to procure food) shall never waste himself with hunger, nor shall he wear old or dirty clothes, if he possesses property.

  35. 4.35

    क्ल्प्तकेशनखश्मश्रुर्दान्तः शुक्लाम्बरः शुचिः ।स्वाध्याये चैव युक्तः स्यान्नित्यं आत्महितेषु च

    klptakeśanakhaśmaśrurdāntaḥ śuklāmbaraḥ śuciḥ |svādhyāye caiva yuktaḥ syānnityaṃ ātmahiteṣu ca

    Keeping his hair, nails, and beard clipped, subduing his passions by austerities, wearing white garments and (keeping himself) pure, he shall be always engaged in studying the Veda and (such acts

  36. 4.36

    वैणवीं धारयेद्यष्टिं सोदकं च कमण्डलुम् ।यज्ञोपवीतं वेदं च शुभं रौक्मे च कुण्डले

    vaiṇavīṃ dhārayedyaṣṭiṃ sodakaṃ ca kamaṇḍalum |yajñopavītaṃ vedaṃ ca śubhaṃ raukme ca kuṇḍale

    He shall carry a staff of bamboo, a pot full of water, a sacred string, a bundle of Kara grass, and (wear) two bright golden ear-rings.

  37. 4.37

    नेक्षेतोद्यन्तं आदित्यं नास्तं यान्तं कदा चन ।नोपसृष्टं न वारिस्थं न मध्यं नभसो गतम्

    nekṣetodyantaṃ ādityaṃ nāstaṃ yāntaṃ kadā cana |nopasṛṣṭaṃ na vāristhaṃ na madhyaṃ nabhaso gatam

    Let him never look at the sun, when he sets or rises, is eclipsed or reflected in water, or stands in the middle of the sky.

  38. 4.38

    न लङ्घयेद्वत्सतन्त्रीं न प्रधावेच्च वर्षति ।न चोदके निरीक्षेत स्वरूपं इति धारणा

    na laṅghayedvatsatantrīṃ na pradhāvecca varṣati |na codake nirīkṣeta svarūpaṃ iti dhāraṇā

    Let him not step over a rope to which a calf is tied, let him not run when it rains, and let him not look at his own image in water; that is a settled rule.

  39. 4.39

    मृदं गां दैवतं विप्रं घृतं मधु चतुष्पथम् ।प्रदक्षिणानि कुर्वीत प्रज्ञातांश्च वनस्पतीन्

    mṛdaṃ gāṃ daivataṃ vipraṃ ghṛtaṃ madhu catuṣpatham |pradakṣiṇāni kurvīta prajñātāṃśca vanaspatīn

    Let him pass by (a mound of) earth, a cow, an idol, a Brahma/za, clarified butter, honey, a cross- way, and well-known trees, turning his right hand towards them.

  40. 4.40

    नोपगच्छेत्प्रमत्तोऽपि स्त्रियं आर्तवदर्शने ।समानशयने चैव न शयीत तया सह

    nopagacchetpramatto'pi striyaṃ ārtavadarśane |samānaśayane caiva na śayīta tayā saha

    Let him, though mad with desire, not ap- proach his wife when her courses appear ; nor let him sleep with her in the same bed.

  41. 4.41

    रजसाभिप्लुतां नारीं नरस्य ह्युपगच्छतः ।प्रज्ञा तेजो बलं चक्षुरायुश्चैव प्रहीयते

    rajasābhiplutāṃ nārīṃ narasya hyupagacchataḥ |prajñā tejo balaṃ cakṣurāyuścaiva prahīyate

    For the wisdom, the energy, the strength, the sight, and the vitality of a man who approaches a woman covered with /menstrual excretions^] utterly^

  42. 4.42

    तां विवर्जयतस्तस्य रजसा समभिप्लुताम् ।प्रज्ञा तेजो बलं चक्षुरायुश्चैव प्रवर्धते

    tāṃ vivarjayatastasya rajasā samabhiplutām |prajñā tejo balaṃ cakṣurāyuścaiva pravardhate

    If he avoids her, while she is in that condi- tion, his wisdom, energy, strength, sight, and vitality will increase. -<

  43. 4.43

    नाश्नीयाद्भार्यया सार्धं नैनां ईक्षेत चाश्नतीम् ।क्षुवतीं जृम्भमाणां वा न चासीनां यथासुखम्

    nāśnīyādbhāryayā sārdhaṃ naināṃ īkṣeta cāśnatīm |kṣuvatīṃ jṛmbhamāṇāṃ vā na cāsīnāṃ yathāsukham

    Let him not eat in the company of his wife, nor look at her, while she eats, sneezes, yawns, or sits at her ease.

  44. 4.44

    नाञ्जयन्तीं स्वके नेत्रे न चाभ्यक्तां अनावृताम् ।न पश्येत्प्रसवन्तीं च तेजस्कामो द्विजोत्तमः

    nāñjayantīṃ svake netre na cābhyaktāṃ anāvṛtām |na paśyetprasavantīṃ ca tejaskāmo dvijottamaḥ

    A Brahma^a who desires energy must not

  45. 4.45

    नान्नं अद्यादेकवासा न नग्नः स्नानं आचरेत् ।न मूत्रं पथि कुर्वीत न भस्मनि न गोव्रजे

    nānnaṃ adyādekavāsā na nagnaḥ snānaṃ ācaret |na mūtraṃ pathi kurvīta na bhasmani na govraje

    Let him not eat, dressed with one garment only ; let him not bathe naked ; let him not void urine on a road, on ashes, or in a cow-pen,

  46. 4.46

    न फालकृष्टे न जले न चित्यां न च पर्वते ।न जीर्णदेवायतने न वल्मीके कदा चन

    na phālakṛṣṭe na jale na cityāṃ na ca parvate |na jīrṇadevāyatane na valmīke kadā cana

    Nor on ploughed land, in water, on an altar of bricks, on a mountain, on the ruins of a temple, nor ever on an ant-hill,

  47. 4.47

    न ससत्त्वेषु गर्तेषु न गच्छन्नपि न स्थितः ।न नदीतीरं आसाद्य न च पर्वतमस्तके

    na sasattveṣu garteṣu na gacchannapi na sthitaḥ |na nadītīraṃ āsādya na ca parvatamastake

    Nor in holes inhabited by living creatures, nor while he walks or stands, nor on reaching the bank of a river, nor on the top of a mountain.

  48. 4.48

    वाय्वग्निविप्रं आदित्यं अपः पश्यंस्तथैव गाः ।न कदा चन कुर्वीत विण्मूत्रस्य विसर्जनम्

    vāyvagnivipraṃ ādityaṃ apaḥ paśyaṃstathaiva gāḥ |na kadā cana kurvīta viṇmūtrasya visarjanam

    Let him never void faeces or urine, facing the wind, or a fire, or looking towards a Brahma^a, the sun, water, or cows.

  49. 4.53

    नाग्निं मुखेनोपधमेन्नग्नां नेक्षेत च स्त्रियम् ।नामेध्यं प्रक्षिपेदग्नौ न च पादौ प्रतापयेत्

    nāgniṃ mukhenopadhamennagnāṃ nekṣeta ca striyam |nāmedhyaṃ prakṣipedagnau na ca pādau pratāpayet

    Let him not blow a fire with his mouth; let him not look at a naked woman ; let him not throw any impure substance into the fire, and let him not warm his feet at it.

  50. 4.54

    अधस्तान्नोपदध्याच्च न चैनं अभिलङ्घयेत् ।न चैनं पादतः कुर्यान्न प्राणाबाधं आचरेत्

    adhastānnopadadhyācca na cainaṃ abhilaṅghayet |na cainaṃ pādataḥ kuryānna prāṇābādhaṃ ācaret

    Let him not place (fire) under (a bed or the like) ; nor step over it, nor place it (when he sleeps) at the foot-(end of his bed) ; let him not torment living creatures.

  51. 4.55

    नाश्नीयात्संधिवेलायां न गच्छेन्नापि संविशेत् ।न चैव प्रलिखेद्भूमिं नात्मनोऽपहरेत्स्रजम्

    nāśnīyātsaṃdhivelāyāṃ na gacchennāpi saṃviśet |na caiva pralikhedbhūmiṃ nātmano'paharetsrajam

    Let him not eat, nor travel, nor sleep during the twilight; let him not scratch the ground; let him not take off his garland.

  52. 4.56

    नाप्सु मूत्रं पुरीषं वा ष्ठीवनं वा समुत्सृजेत् ।अमेध्यलिप्तं अन्यद्वा लोहितं वा विषाणि वा

    nāpsu mūtraṃ purīṣaṃ vā ṣṭhīvanaṃ vā samutsṛjet |amedhyaliptaṃ anyadvā lohitaṃ vā viṣāṇi vā

    Let him not throw urine or faeces into the water, nor saliva, nor (clothes) defiled by impure I substances, nor any other (impurity), nor blood, nor \ poisonous things. A

  53. 4.57

    नैकः सुप्याच्छून्यगेहे न श्रेयांसं प्रबोधयेत् ।नोदक्ययाभिभाषेत यज्ञं गच्छेन्न चावृतः

    naikaḥ supyācchūnyagehe na śreyāṃsaṃ prabodhayet |nodakyayābhibhāṣeta yajñaṃ gacchenna cāvṛtaḥ

    Let him not sleep alone in a deserted dwell- ing ; let him not wake (a superior) who is sleeping ; let him not converse with a menstruating woman ;

  54. 4.58

    अग्न्यगारे गवां गोष्ठे ब्राह्मणानां च संनिधौ ।स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिनं पाणिं उद्धरेत्

    agnyagāre gavāṃ goṣṭhe brāhmaṇānāṃ ca saṃnidhau |svādhyāye bhojane caiva dakṣinaṃ pāṇiṃ uddharet

    Let him keep his right arm uncovered in a place where a sacred fire is kept, in a cow-pen, in the presence of Brahma^as, during the private reci- tation of the Veda, and at meals.

  55. 4.59

    न वारयेद्गां धयन्तीं न चाचक्षीत कस्य चित् ।न दिवीन्द्रायुधं दृष्ट्वा कस्य चिद्दर्शयेद्बुधः

    na vārayedgāṃ dhayantīṃ na cācakṣīta kasya cit |na divīndrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā kasya ciddarśayedbudhaḥ

    Let him not interrupt a cow who is suckling (her calf)7nor tell anybody of it. A wise man, if he sees a rainbow in the sky, must not point it out to .£ anybody.

  56. 4.60

    नाधर्मिके वसेद्ग्रामे न व्याधिबहुले भृशम् ।नैकः प्रपद्येताध्वानं न चिरं पर्वते वसेत्

    nādharmike vasedgrāme na vyādhibahule bhṛśam |naikaḥ prapadyetādhvānaṃ na ciraṃ parvate vaset

    Let him not dwell in a village where the sacred law is not obeyed, nor (stay) long where diseases are endemic ; let him not go alone on a journey, nor reside long on a mountain.

  57. 4.61

    न शूद्रराज्ये निवसेन्नाधार्मिकजनावृते ।न पाषण्डिगणाक्रान्ते नोपस्षृटेऽन्त्यजैर्नृभिः

    na śūdrarājye nivasennādhārmikajanāvṛte |na pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte nopasṣṛṭe'ntyajairnṛbhiḥ

    Let him not dwell in a country where the rulers are .Sudras, nor in one which is surrounded by unrighteous men, nor in one which has become subject to heretics, nor in one swarming with men

  58. 4.62

    न भुञ्जीतोद्धृतस्नेहं नातिसौहित्यं आचरेत् ।नातिप्रगे नातिसायं न सायं प्रातराशितः

    na bhuñjītoddhṛtasnehaṃ nātisauhityaṃ ācaret |nātiprage nātisāyaṃ na sāyaṃ prātarāśitaḥ

    Let him not eat anything from which the oil has been extracted ; let him not be a glutton ; let him not eat very early (in the morning), nor very late (in the evening), nor (take any food) in the

  59. 4.63

    न कुर्वीत वृथाचेष्टां न वार्यञ्जलिना पिबेत् ।नोत्सङ्गे भक्षयेद्भक्ष्यान्न जातु स्यात्कुतूहली

    na kurvīta vṛthāceṣṭāṃ na vāryañjalinā pibet |notsaṅge bhakṣayedbhakṣyānna jātu syātkutūhalī

    Let him not exert himself without a purpose; let him not drink water out of his joined palms ; let

  60. 4.64

    न नृत्येदथ वा गायेन्न वादित्राणि वादयेत्] ।नास्फोटयेन्न च क्ष्वेडेन्न च रक्तो विरावयेत्

    na nṛtyedatha vā gāyenna vāditrāṇi vādayet] |nāsphoṭayenna ca kṣveḍenna ca rakto virāvayet

    Let him not dance, nor sing, nor play musical instruments, nor slap (his limbs), nor grind his teeth, nor let him make uncouth noises, though he be in a passion.

  61. 4.65

    न पादौ धावयेत्कांस्ये कदा चिदपि भाजने ।न भिन्नभाण्डे भुञ्जीत न भावप्रतिदूषिते

    na pādau dhāvayetkāṃsye kadā cidapi bhājane |na bhinnabhāṇḍe bhuñjīta na bhāvapratidūṣite

    Let him never wash his feet in a vessel of white brass ; let him not eat out of a broken (earthen) dish, nor out of one that (to judge) from its appearance (is) defiled.

  62. 4.66

    उपानहौ च वासश्च धृतं अन्यैर्न धारयेत् ।उपवीतं अलङ्कारं स्रजं करकं एव च

    upānahau ca vāsaśca dhṛtaṃ anyairna dhārayet |upavītaṃ alaṅkāraṃ srajaṃ karakaṃ eva ca

    Let him not use shoes, garments, a sacred string, ornaments, a garland, or a water-vessel which have been used by others. 6 j. Let him not travel with untrained beasts of

  63. 4.67

    नाविनीतैर्भजेद्धुर्यैर्न च क्षुध्व्याधिपीडितैः ।न भिन्नशृङ्गाक्षिखुरैर्न वालधिविरूपितैः

    nāvinītairbhajeddhuryairna ca kṣudhvyādhipīḍitaiḥ |na bhinnaśṛṅgākṣikhurairna vāladhivirūpitaiḥ

  64. 4.68

    विनीतैस्तु व्रजेन्नित्यं आशुगैर्लक्षणान्वितैः ।वर्णरूपोपसंपन्नैः प्रतोदेनातुदन्भृशम्

    vinītaistu vrajennityaṃ āśugairlakṣaṇānvitaiḥ |varṇarūpopasaṃpannaiḥ pratodenātudanbhṛśam

    Let him always travel with (beasts) which are well broken in, swift, endowed with lucky marks, and perfect in colour and form, without urging them much with the goad.

  65. 4.69

    बालातपः प्रेतधूमो वर्ज्यं भिन्नं तथासनम् ।न छिन्द्यान्नखरोमाणि दन्तैर्नोत्पाटयेन्नखान्

    bālātapaḥ pretadhūmo varjyaṃ bhinnaṃ tathāsanam |na chindyānnakharomāṇi dantairnotpāṭayennakhān

    The morning 'sun, the smoke rising from a (burning) corpse, and a broken seat must be avoided. Let him not clip his nails or hair, and not tear his nails with his teeth.

  66. 4.70

    न मृल्लोष्ठं च मृद्नीयान्न छिन्द्यात्करजैस्तृणम् ।न कर्म निष्फलं कुर्यान्नायत्यां असुखोदयम्

    na mṛlloṣṭhaṃ ca mṛdnīyānna chindyātkarajaistṛṇam |na karma niṣphalaṃ kuryānnāyatyāṃ asukhodayam

    Let him not crush earth or clods, nor tear off grass with his nails ; let him not do anything that is useless or will have disagreeable results in the future.

  67. 4.71

    लोष्ठमर्दी तृणच्छेदी नखखादी च यो नरः ।स विनाशं व्रजत्याशु सूचकाशुचिरेव च

    loṣṭhamardī tṛṇacchedī nakhakhādī ca yo naraḥ |sa vināśaṃ vrajatyāśu sūcakāśucireva ca

    A man who crushes clods, tears off grass, or bites his nails, goes soon to perdition, likewise an informer and he who neglects (the rules of) purifi- cation.

  68. 4.72

    न विगर्ह्य कथां कुर्याद्बहिर्माल्यं न धारयेत् ।गवां च यानं पृष्ठेन सर्वथैव विगर्हितम्

    na vigarhya kathāṃ kuryādbahirmālyaṃ na dhārayet |gavāṃ ca yānaṃ pṛṣṭhena sarvathaiva vigarhitam

    Let him not wrangle ; let him not wear a garland over (his hair). To ride on the back of cows (or of oxen) is anyhow a blamable^act.

  69. 4.73

    अद्वारेण च नातीयाद्ग्रामं वा वेश्म वावृतम् ।रात्रौ च वृक्षमूलानि दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्

    advāreṇa ca nātīyādgrāmaṃ vā veśma vāvṛtam |rātrau ca vṛkṣamūlāni dūrataḥ parivarjayet

    Let him not enter a walled village or house except by the gate, and by night let him keep at a long distance from the roots of trees.

  70. 4.74

    नाक्षैर्दीव्येत्कदा चित्तु स्वयं नोपानहौ हरेत् ।शयनस्थो न भुञ्जीत न पाणिस्थं न चासने

    nākṣairdīvyetkadā cittu svayaṃ nopānahau haret |śayanastho na bhuñjīta na pāṇisthaṃ na cāsane

    Let him never play with dice, nor himself take off his shoes ; let him not eat, lying on a bed, nor what has been placed in his hand or on a seat. Ragh. * the sun in the sign of Kanya, or Virgo,' i. e. ' the sun in

  71. 4.75

    सर्वं च तिलसंबद्धं नाद्यादस्तं इते रवौ ।न च नग्नः शयीतेह न चोच्छिष्टः क्व चिद्व्रजेत्

    sarvaṃ ca tilasaṃbaddhaṃ nādyādastaṃ ite ravau |na ca nagnaḥ śayīteha na cocchiṣṭaḥ kva cidvrajet

    Let him not eat after sunset any (food) con- taining sesamum grains ; let him never sleep naked, nor go anywhere unpurified (after meals).

  72. 4.76

    आर्द्रपादस्तु भुञ्जीत नार्द्रपादस्तु संविशेत् ।आर्द्रपादस्तु भुञ्जानो दीर्घं आयुरवाप्नुयात्

    ārdrapādastu bhuñjīta nārdrapādastu saṃviśet |ārdrapādastu bhuñjāno dīrghaṃ āyuravāpnuyāt

    Let him eat while his feet are (yet) wet (from the ablution), but let him not go to bed with wet feet. He who eats while his feet are (still) wet, will attain long life.

  73. 4.77

    अचक्षुर्विषयं दुर्गं $ न प्रपद्येत कर्हि चित् ।न विण्मूत्रं उदीक्षेत न बाहुभ्यां नदीं तरेत्

    acakṣurviṣayaṃ durgaṃ $ na prapadyeta karhi cit |na viṇmūtraṃ udīkṣeta na bāhubhyāṃ nadīṃ taret

    Ap. I, 32, 26; Gaut. IX, 32; Vas. XII, 45; Baudh. II, 6, 26; VLLXIll, 46.

  74. 4.78

    अधितिष्ठेन्न केशांस्तु न भस्मास्थिकपालिकाः ।न कार्पासास्थि न तुषान्दीर्घं आयुर्जिजीविषुः

    adhitiṣṭhenna keśāṃstu na bhasmāsthikapālikāḥ |na kārpāsāsthi na tuṣāndīrghaṃ āyurjijīviṣuḥ

    Let him not step on hair, ashes, bones, pot- \ sherds, cotton-seed or chaff, if he desires long life.

  75. 4.79

    न संवसेच्च पतितैर्न चाण्डालैर्न पुल्कसैः ।न मूर्खैर्नावलिप्तैश्च नान्त्यैर्नान्त्यावसायिभिः

    na saṃvasecca patitairna cāṇḍālairna pulkasaiḥ |na mūrkhairnāvaliptaiśca nāntyairnāntyāvasāyibhiḥ

    Let him not stay together with outcasts, nor with KdLtid&X&s, nor with Pukkasas, nor with fools, nor with overbearing men, nor with low-caste men, nor with Antyavasayins.

  76. 4.80

    न शूद्राय मतिं दद्यान्नोच्छिष्टं न हविष्कृतम् ।न चास्योपदिशेद्धर्मं न चास्य व्रतं आदिशेत्

    na śūdrāya matiṃ dadyānnocchiṣṭaṃ na haviṣkṛtam |na cāsyopadiśeddharmaṃ na cāsya vrataṃ ādiśet

    Let him not give to a .Sudra advice, nor the remnants (of his meal), nor food offered to the gods ; nor let him explain the sacred law (to such a man), nor impose (upon him) a penance. /

  77. 4.81

    यो ह्यस्य धर्मं आचष्टे यश्चैवादिशति व्रतम् ।सोऽसंवृतं नाम तमः सह तेनैव मज्जति

    yo hyasya dharmaṃ ācaṣṭe yaścaivādiśati vratam |so'saṃvṛtaṃ nāma tamaḥ saha tenaiva majjati

    For he who explains the sacred law (to a -Sudra) or dictates to him a penance, will sink to-; gether with that (man) into the hell (called) Asaw-j vritSL.

  78. 4.82

    न संहताभ्यां पाणिभ्यां कण्डूयेदात्मनः शिरः ।न स्पृशेच्चैतदुच्छिष्टो न च स्नायाद्विना ततः

    na saṃhatābhyāṃ pāṇibhyāṃ kaṇḍūyedātmanaḥ śiraḥ |na spṛśeccaitaducchiṣṭo na ca snāyādvinā tataḥ

    Let him not scratch his head with both hands

  79. 4.83

    केशग्रहान्प्रहारांश्च शिरस्येतान्विवर्जयेत् ।शिरःस्नातश्च तैलेन नाङ्गं किं चिदपि स्पृशेत्

    keśagrahānprahārāṃśca śirasyetānvivarjayet |śiraḥsnātaśca tailena nāṅgaṃ kiṃ cidapi spṛśet

    Let him avoid (in anger) to lay hold of (his own or other men's) hair, or to strike (himself or others) on the head. When he has bathed (sub- merging) his head, he shall not touch any of his

  80. 4.84

    न राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णीयादराजन्यप्रसूतितः ।सूनाचक्रध्वजवतां वेशेनैव च जीवताम्

    na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇīyādarājanyaprasūtitaḥ |sūnācakradhvajavatāṃ veśenaiva ca jīvatām

    Let him not accept presents from a king who is not descended from the Kshatriya race, nor from butchers, oil-manufacturers, and publicans, nor from those who subsist by the gain of prostitutes.

  81. 4.85

    दशसूनासमं चक्रं दशचक्रसमो ध्वजः ।दशध्वजसमो वेशो दशवेशसमो नृपः

    daśasūnāsamaṃ cakraṃ daśacakrasamo dhvajaḥ |daśadhvajasamo veśo daśaveśasamo nṛpaḥ

    One oil-press is as (bad) as ten slaughter- houses, one tavern as (bad as) ten oil-presses, one brothel as (bad as) ten taverns, one king as (bad as) ten brothels.

  82. 4.86

    दश सूणासहस्राणि यो वाहयति सौनिकः ।तेन तुल्यः स्मृतो राजा घोरस्तस्य प्रतिग्रहः

    daśa sūṇāsahasrāṇi yo vāhayati saunikaḥ |tena tulyaḥ smṛto rājā ghorastasya pratigrahaḥ

    A king is declared to be equal (in wicked- ness) to a butcher who keeps a hundred thousand slaughter-houses ; to accept presents from him is a terrible (crime).

  83. 4.87

    यो राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णाति लुब्धस्योच्छास्त्रवर्तिनः ।स पर्यायेण यातीमान्नरकानेकविंशतिम्

    yo rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇāti lubdhasyocchāstravartinaḥ |sa paryāyeṇa yātīmānnarakānekaviṃśatim

    He who accepts presents from an avaricious king who acts contrary to the Institutes (of the sacred law), will go in succession to the following twenty-one hells :

  84. 4.88

    तामिस्रं अन्धतामिस्रं महारौरवरौरवौ ।नरकं कालसूत्रं च महानरकं एव च

    tāmisraṃ andhatāmisraṃ mahārauravarauravau |narakaṃ kālasūtraṃ ca mahānarakaṃ eva ca

    Tamisra, Andhatamisra, Maharaurava, Rau- rava, the Kalasutra hell, Mahanaraka,

  85. 4.89

    संजीवनं महावीचिं तपनं संप्रतापनम् ।संहातं च सकाकोलं कुड्मलं प्रतिमूर्तिकम्

    saṃjīvanaṃ mahāvīciṃ tapanaṃ saṃpratāpanam |saṃhātaṃ ca sakākolaṃ kuḍmalaṃ pratimūrtikam

    Saw^lvana, MahavL£i, Tapana, Sampratapana, Sawghata, Sakakola, Ku^mala, Putimrzttika,

  86. 4.90

    लोहशङ्कुं ऋजीषं च पन्थानं शाल्मलीं नदीम् ।असिपत्रवनं चैव लोहदारकं एव च

    lohaśaṅkuṃ ṛjīṣaṃ ca panthānaṃ śālmalīṃ nadīm |asipatravanaṃ caiva lohadārakaṃ eva ca

    Loha^anku, JZtgisha., Pathin, the (flaming) river, .Salmala, Asipatravana, and LohaMraka.

  87. 4.91

    एतद्विदन्तो विद्वांसो ब्राह्मणा ब्रह्मवादिनः ।न राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णन्ति प्रेत्य श्रेयोऽभिकाङ्क्षिणः

    etadvidanto vidvāṃso brāhmaṇā brahmavādinaḥ |na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇanti pretya śreyo'bhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ

    Learned Brahma^as, who know that, who study the Veda and desire bliss after death, do not accept presents from a king.

  88. 4.92

    ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्मार्थौ चानुचिन्तयेत् ।कायक्लेशांश्च तन्मूलान्वेदतत्त्वार्थं एव च

    brāhme muhūrte budhyeta dharmārthau cānucintayet |kāyakleśāṃśca tanmūlānvedatattvārthaṃ eva ca

    Let him wake in the muhurta, sacred to Brahman, and think of (the acquisition of) spiritual merit and wealth, of the bodily fatigue arising there- from, and of the true meaning of the Veda.

  89. 4.93

    उत्थायावश्यकं कृत्वा कृतशौचः समाहितः ।पूर्वां संध्यां जपंस्तिष्ठेत्स्वकाले चापरां चिरम्

    utthāyāvaśyakaṃ kṛtvā kṛtaśaucaḥ samāhitaḥ |pūrvāṃ saṃdhyāṃ japaṃstiṣṭhetsvakāle cāparāṃ ciram

    When he has risen, has relieved the neces- sities of nature and carefully purified himself, let him stand during the morning twilight, muttering for a long time (the Giyatri), and at the proper time

  90. 4.94

    ऋषयो दीर्घसंध्यत्वाद्दीर्घं आयुरवाप्नुयुः ।प्रज्ञां यशश्च कीर्तिं च ब्रह्मवर्चसं एव च

    ṛṣayo dīrghasaṃdhyatvāddīrghaṃ āyuravāpnuyuḥ |prajñāṃ yaśaśca kīrtiṃ ca brahmavarcasaṃ eva ca

    By prolonging the twilight devotions, the sages obtained long life, wisdom, honour, fame, and excel- lence in Vedic knowledge.

  91. 4.95

    श्रावण्यां प्रौष्ठपद्यां वाप्युपाकृत्य यथाविधि ।युक्तश्छन्दांस्यधीयीत मासान्विप्रोऽर्धपञ्चमान्

    śrāvaṇyāṃ prauṣṭhapadyāṃ vāpyupākṛtya yathāvidhi |yuktaśchandāṃsyadhīyīta māsānvipro'rdhapañcamān

    Having performed the Upakarman according to the prescribed rule on (the full moon of the month) •5Yava;za, or on that of Praush^apada (Bhadrapada), ra#i ' must be understood with nadi, ' the river,' while Gov. speaks

  92. 4.96

    पुष्ये तु छन्दसां कुर्याद्बहिरुत्सर्जनं द्विजः ।माघशुक्लस्य वा प्राप्ते पूर्वाह्णे प्रथमेऽहनि

    puṣye tu chandasāṃ kuryādbahirutsarjanaṃ dvijaḥ |māghaśuklasya vā prāpte pūrvāhṇe prathame'hani

    When the Pushya-day (of the month Pausha), or the first day of the bright half of Magna has come, a Brahma^a shall perform in the forenoon the Utsar^ana of the Vedas.

  93. 4.97

    यथाशास्त्रं तु कृत्वैवं उत्सर्गं छन्दसां बहिः ।विरमेत्पक्षिणीं रात्रिं तदेवैकं अहर्निशम्

    yathāśāstraṃ tu kṛtvaivaṃ utsargaṃ chandasāṃ bahiḥ |virametpakṣiṇīṃ rātriṃ tadevaikaṃ aharniśam

    Having performed the Utsarga outside (the village), as the Institutes (of the sacred law) pre- scribe, he shall stop reading during two days and the intervening night, or during that day (of the

  94. 4.98

    अत ऊर्ध्वं तु छन्दांसि शुक्लेषु नियतः पठेत् ।वेदाङ्गानि च सर्वाणि कृष्णपक्षेषु संपठेत्

    ata ūrdhvaṃ tu chandāṃsi śukleṣu niyataḥ paṭhet |vedāṅgāni ca sarvāṇi kṛṣṇapakṣeṣu saṃpaṭhet

    Afterwards he shall diligently recite the Vedas during the bright (halves of the months), and duly study all the Ahgas of the Vedas during the dark fortnights.

  95. 4.99

    नाविस्पष्टं अधीयीत न शूद्रजनसन्निधौ ।न निशान्ते परिश्रान्तो ब्रह्माधीत्य पुनः स्वपेत्

    nāvispaṣṭaṃ adhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau |na niśānte pariśrānto brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet

    Let him not recite (the texts) indistinctly, nor in the presence of .Sudras ; nor let him, if in the latter part of the night he is tired with reciting the Veda, go again to sleep.

  96. 4.100

    यथोदितेन विधिना नित्यं छन्दस्कृतं पठेत् ।ब्रह्म छन्दस्कृतं चैव द्विजो युक्तो ह्यनापदि

    yathoditena vidhinā nityaṃ chandaskṛtaṃ paṭhet |brahma chandaskṛtaṃ caiva dvijo yukto hyanāpadi

    According to the rule declared above, let him recite the daily (portion of the) Mantras, and a zealous Brahma^a, (who is) not in distress, (shall study) the Brahma^a and the Mantrasawhita.

  97. 4.101

    इमान्नित्यं अनध्यायानधीयानो विवर्जयेत् ।अध्यापनं च कुर्वाणः शिष्याणां विधिपूर्वकम्

    imānnityaṃ anadhyāyānadhīyāno vivarjayet |adhyāpanaṃ ca kurvāṇaḥ śiṣyāṇāṃ vidhipūrvakam

  98. 4.102

    कर्णश्रवेऽनिले रात्रौ दिवा पांसुसमूहने ।एतौ वर्षास्वनध्यायावध्यायज्ञाः प्रचक्षते

    karṇaśrave'nile rātrau divā pāṃsusamūhane |etau varṣāsvanadhyāyāvadhyāyajñāḥ pracakṣate

    Those who know the (rules of) recitation declare that in the rainy season the Veda-study must be stopped on these two (occasions), when the wind is audible at night, and when it whirls up the

  99. 4.103

    विद्युत्स्तनितवर्षेषु महोल्कानां च संप्लवे ।आकालिकं अनध्यायं एतेषु मनुरब्रवीत्

    vidyutstanitavarṣeṣu maholkānāṃ ca saṃplave |ākālikaṃ anadhyāyaṃ eteṣu manurabravīt

    Manu has stated, that when lightning, thunder, and rain (are observed together), or when large fiery meteors fall on all sides, the recitation must be interrupted until the same hour (on the next

  100. 4.104

    एतांस्त्वभ्युदितान्विद्याद्यदा प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु ।तदा विद्यादनध्यायं अनृतौ चाभ्रदर्शने

    etāṃstvabhyuditānvidyādyadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu |tadā vidyādanadhyāyaṃ anṛtau cābhradarśane

    When one perceives these (phenomena) all together (in the twilight), after the sacred fires have been made to blaze (for the performance of the Agnihotra), then one must know the recitation of

  101. 4.105

    निर्घाते भूमिचलने ज्योतिषां चोपसर्जने ।एतानाकालिकान्विद्यादनध्यायानृतावपि

    nirghāte bhūmicalane jyotiṣāṃ copasarjane |etānākālikānvidyādanadhyāyānṛtāvapi

    On (the occasion of) a preternatural sound from the sky, (of) an earthquake, and when the lights of heaven are surrounded by a halo, let him know that (the Veda-study must be) stopped until

  102. 4.106

    प्रादुष्कृतेष्वग्निषु तु विद्युत्स्तनितनिःस्वने ।सज्योतिः स्यादनध्यायः शेषे रात्रौ यथा दिवा

    prāduṣkṛteṣvagniṣu tu vidyutstanitaniḥsvane |sajyotiḥ syādanadhyāyaḥ śeṣe rātrau yathā divā

    But when lightning and the roar of thunder (are observed) after the sacred fires have been made to blaze, the stoppage shall last as long as the light (of the sun or of the stars is visible) ; if the remain-

  103. 4.107

    नित्यानध्याय एव स्याद्ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ।धर्मनैपुण्यकामानां पूतिगन्धे च सर्वदा

    nityānadhyāya eva syādgrāmeṣu nagareṣu ca |dharmanaipuṇyakāmānāṃ pūtigandhe ca sarvadā

    For those who wish to acquire exceedingly great merit, a continual interruption of the Veda- study (is prescribed) in villages and in towns, and (the Veda-study must) always (cease) when any kind

  104. 4.108

    अन्तर्गतशवे ग्रामे वृषलस्य च सन्निधौ ।अनध्यायो रुद्यमाने समवाये जनस्य च

    antargataśave grāme vṛṣalasya ca sannidhau |anadhyāyo rudyamāne samavāye janasya ca

    In a village where a corpse lies, in the pre- sence of a (man who lives as unrighteously as a) .Sudra, while (the sound of) weeping (is heard), and in a crowd of men the (recitation of the Veda must

  105. 4.109

    उदके मध्यरात्रे च विण्मूत्रस्य विसर्जने ।उच्छिष्टः श्राद्धभुक्चैव मनसापि न चिन्तयेत्

    udake madhyarātre ca viṇmūtrasya visarjane |ucchiṣṭaḥ śrāddhabhukcaiva manasāpi na cintayet

    In water, during the middle part of the night, while he voids excrements, or is impure, and after he has partaken of a funeral dinner, a man must not even think in his heart (of the

  106. 4.110

    प्रतिगृह्य द्विजो विद्वानेकोद्दिष्टस्य केतनम् ।त्र्यहं न कीर्तयेद्ब्रह्म राज्ञो राहोश्च सूतके

    pratigṛhya dvijo vidvānekoddiṣṭasya ketanam |tryahaṃ na kīrtayedbrahma rājño rāhośca sūtake

  107. 4.111

    यावदेकानुदिष्टस्य गन्धो लेपश्च तिष्ठति ।विप्रस्य विदुषो देहे तावद्ब्रह्म न कीर्तयेत्

    yāvadekānudiṣṭasya gandho lepaśca tiṣṭhati |viprasya viduṣo dehe tāvadbrahma na kīrtayet

  108. 4.112

    शयानः प्रौढपादश्च कृत्वा चैवावसक्थिकाम् ।नाधीयीतामिषं जग्ध्वा सूतकान्नाद्यं एव च

    śayānaḥ prauḍhapādaśca kṛtvā caivāvasakthikām |nādhīyītāmiṣaṃ jagdhvā sūtakānnādyaṃ eva ca

    While lying on a bed, while his feet are raised (on a bench), while he sits on his hams with a cloth tied round his knees, let him not study, nor when he has eaten meat or food given by a person

  109. 4.113

    नीहारे बाणशब्दे च संध्ययोरेव चोभयोः ।अमावास्याचतुर्दश्योः पौर्णमास्यष्टकासु च

    nīhāre bāṇaśabde ca saṃdhyayoreva cobhayoḥ |amāvāsyācaturdaśyoḥ paurṇamāsyaṣṭakāsu ca

    Nor during a fog, nor while the sound of arrows is audible, nor during both the twilights, nor on the new-moon day, nor on the fourteenth and the eighth (days of each half-month), nor on the full-

  110. 4.114

    अमावास्या गुरुं हन्ति शिष्यं हन्ति चतुर्दशी ।ब्रह्माष्टकपौर्णमास्यौ तस्मात्ताः परिवर्जयेत्

    amāvāsyā guruṃ hanti śiṣyaṃ hanti caturdaśī |brahmāṣṭakapaurṇamāsyau tasmāttāḥ parivarjayet

    The new-moon day destroys the teacher, the fourteenth (day) the pupil, the eighth and the full- moon days (destroy all remembrance of) the Veda ; let him therefore avoid (reading on) those (days).

  111. 4.115

    पांसुवर्षे दिशां दाहे गोमायुविरुते तथा ।श्वखरोष्ट्रे च रुवति पङ्क्तौ च न पठेद्द्विजः

    pāṃsuvarṣe diśāṃ dāhe gomāyuvirute tathā |śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅktau ca na paṭheddvijaḥ

    A Brahma^a shall not recite (the Veda) during a dust-storm, nor while the sky is preter- naturally red, nor while jackals howl, nor while the barking of dogs, the braying of donkeys, or the

  112. 4.116

    नाधीयीत श्मशानान्ते ग्रामान्ते गोव्रजेऽपि वा ।वसित्वा मैथुनं वासः श्राद्धिकं प्रतिगृह्य च

    nādhīyīta śmaśānānte grāmānte govraje'pi vā |vasitvā maithunaṃ vāsaḥ śrāddhikaṃ pratigṛhya ca

    Let him not study near a burial-ground, nor near a village, nor in a cow-pen, nor dressed in a garment which he wore during conjugal intercourse, nor after receiving a present at a funeral sacrifice.

  113. 4.117

    प्राणि वा यदि वाप्राणि यत्किं चिच्छ्राद्धिकं भवेत् ।तदालभ्याप्यनध्यायः पाण्यास्यो हि द्विजः स्मृतः

    prāṇi vā yadi vāprāṇi yatkiṃ cicchrāddhikaṃ bhavet |tadālabhyāpyanadhyāyaḥ pāṇyāsyo hi dvijaḥ smṛtaḥ

    Be it an animal or a thing inanimate, what- ever be the (gift) at a 6raddha, let him not, having just accepted it, recite the Veda ; for the hand of a Brahma^a is his mouth.

  114. 4.118

    चोरैरुपद्रुते ग्रामे संभ्रमे चाग्निकारिते ।आकालिकं अनध्यायं विद्यात्सर्वाद्भुतेषु च

    corairupadrute grāme saṃbhrame cāgnikārite |ākālikaṃ anadhyāyaṃ vidyātsarvādbhuteṣu ca

    When the village has been beset by robbers, and when an alarm has been raised by fire, let him know that (the Veda-study must be) interrupted until the same hour (on the next day), and on (the

  115. 4.119

    उपाकर्मणि चोत्सर्गे त्रिरात्रं क्षेपणं स्मृतम् ।अष्टकासु त्वहोरात्रं ऋत्वन्तासु च रात्रिषु

    upākarmaṇi cotsarge trirātraṃ kṣepaṇaṃ smṛtam |aṣṭakāsu tvahorātraṃ ṛtvantāsu ca rātriṣu

    On (the occasion of) the Upakarman and (of) the Vedotsarga an omission (of the Veda-study) for three days has been prescribed, but on the Ash/akas and on the last nights of the seasons for

  116. 4.120

    नाधीयीताश्वं आरूढो न वृक्षं न च हस्तिनम् ।न नावं न खरं नोष्ट्रं नेरिणस्थो न यानगः

    nādhīyītāśvaṃ ārūḍho na vṛkṣaṃ na ca hastinam |na nāvaṃ na kharaṃ noṣṭraṃ neriṇastho na yānagaḥ

  117. 4.121

    न विवादे न कलहे न सेनायां न संगरे ।न भुक्तमात्रे नाजीर्णे न वमित्वा न शुक्तके

    na vivāde na kalahe na senāyāṃ na saṃgare |na bhuktamātre nājīrṇe na vamitvā na śuktake

    Nar. interprets na vivade na kalahe by 'neither during a dispute on legal matters nor during an altercation.'

  118. 4.122

    अतिथिं चाननुज्ञाप्य मारुते वाति वा भृशम् ।रुधिरे च स्रुते गात्राच्छस्त्रेण च परिक्षते

    atithiṃ cānanujñāpya mārute vāti vā bhṛśam |rudhire ca srute gātrācchastreṇa ca parikṣate

    Nor without receiving permission from a guest (who stays in his house), nor while the wind blows vehemently, nor while blood flows from his body, nor when he is wounded by a weapon.

  119. 4.123

    सामध्वनावृग्यजुषी नाधीयीत कदा चन ।वेदस्याधीत्य वाप्यन्तं आरण्यकं अधीत्य च

    sāmadhvanāvṛgyajuṣī nādhīyīta kadā cana |vedasyādhītya vāpyantaṃ āraṇyakaṃ adhītya ca

    Let him never recite the T&g-veda or the Ya^ur-veda while the Saman (melodies) are heard ; (let him stop all Veda-study for a day and a night) after finishing a Veda or after reciting an

  120. 4.124

    ऋग्वेदो देवदैवत्यो यजुर्वेदस्तु मानुषः ।सामवेदः स्मृतः पित्र्यस्तस्मात्तस्याशुचिर्ध्वनिः

    ṛgvedo devadaivatyo yajurvedastu mānuṣaḥ |sāmavedaḥ smṛtaḥ pitryastasmāttasyāśucirdhvaniḥ

    The ifog-veda is declared to be sacred to the gods, the Ya^ur-veda sacred to men, and the Sama-veda sacred to the manes ; hence the sound of the latter is impure (as it were).

  121. 4.125

    एतद्विद्वन्तो विद्वांसस्त्रयीनिष्कर्षं अन्वहम् ।क्रमतः पूर्वं अभ्यस्य पश्चाद्वेदं अधीयते

    etadvidvanto vidvāṃsastrayīniṣkarṣaṃ anvaham |kramataḥ pūrvaṃ abhyasya paścādvedaṃ adhīyate

    Knowing this, the learned daily repeat first in due order the essence of the three (Vedas) and afterwards the (text of the) Veda.

  122. 4.126

    पशुमण्डूकमार्जार श्वसर्पनकुलाखुभिः ।अन्तरागमने विद्यादनध्यायं अहर्निशम्

    paśumaṇḍūkamārjāra śvasarpanakulākhubhiḥ |antarāgamane vidyādanadhyāyaṃ aharniśam

    Know that (the Veda-study must be) inter-} rupted for a day and a night, when cattle, a frog, a cat, a dog, a snake, an ichneumon, or a rat pass . between (the teacher and his pupil).

  123. 4.127

    द्वावेव वर्जयेन्नित्यं अनध्यायौ प्रयत्नतः ।स्वाध्यायभूमिं चाशुद्धं आत्मानं चाशुचिं द्विजः

    dvāveva varjayennityaṃ anadhyāyau prayatnataḥ |svādhyāyabhūmiṃ cāśuddhaṃ ātmānaṃ cāśuciṃ dvijaḥ

    Let a twice-born man always carefully inter- rupt the Veda-study on two (occasions, viz.) when the place where he recites is impure, and when he himself is unpurified.

  124. 4.128

    अमावास्यां अष्टमीं च पौर्णमासीं चतुर्दशीम् ।ब्रह्मचारी भवेन्नित्यं अप्यृतौ स्नातको द्विजः

    amāvāsyāṃ aṣṭamīṃ ca paurṇamāsīṃ caturdaśīm |brahmacārī bhavennityaṃ apyṛtau snātako dvijaḥ

    A twice-born man who is a Snataka shall remain chaste on the new-moon day, on the eighth (lunar day of each half-month), on the full-moon day, and on the fourteenth, even (if they fall) in the period

  125. 4.129

    न स्नानं आचरेद्भुक्त्वा नातुरो न महानिशि ।न वासोभिः सहाजस्रं नाविज्ञाते जलाशये

    na snānaṃ ācaredbhuktvā nāturo na mahāniśi |na vāsobhiḥ sahājasraṃ nāvijñāte jalāśaye

    Let him not bathe (immediately) after a meal, nor when he is sick, nor in the middle of the night, nor frequently dressed in all his garments, nor in a pool which he does not perfectly know.

  126. 4.130

    देवतानां गुरो राज्ञः स्नातकाचार्ययोस्तथा ।नाक्रामेत्कामतश्छायां बभ्रुणो दीक्षितस्य च

    devatānāṃ guro rājñaḥ snātakācāryayostathā |nākrāmetkāmataśchāyāṃ babhruṇo dīkṣitasya ca

    Let him not intentionally step on the shadow of (images of) the gods, of a Guru, of a king, of a Snataka, of his teacher, of a reddish-brown animal, or of one who has been initiated to the performance

  127. 4.131

    मध्यंदिनेऽर्धरात्रे च श्राद्धं भुक्त्वा च सामिषम् ।संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव न सेवेत चतुष्पथम्

    madhyaṃdine'rdharātre ca śrāddhaṃ bhuktvā ca sāmiṣam |saṃdhyayorubhayoścaiva na seveta catuṣpatham

    At midday and at midnight, after partaking of meat at a funeral dinner, and in the two twilights let him not stay long on a cross-road.

  128. 4.132

    उद्वर्तनं अपस्नानं विण्मूत्रे रक्तं एव च ।श्लेश्मनिष्ठ्यूतवान्तानि नाधितिष्ठेत्तु कामतः

    udvartanaṃ apasnānaṃ viṇmūtre raktaṃ eva ca |śleśmaniṣṭhyūtavāntāni nādhitiṣṭhettu kāmataḥ

    Let him not step intentionally on things used for cleansing the body, on water used for a -q/^ bath, on urine or ordure, on blood, on mucus, and on anything spat out or vomited.

  129. 4.133

    वैरिणं नोपसेवेत सहायं चैव वैरिणः ।अधार्मिकं तस्करं च परस्यैव च योषितम्

    vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ |adhārmikaṃ taskaraṃ ca parasyaiva ca yoṣitam

    Let him not show particular attention to an enemy, to the friend of an enemy, to a wicked man, to a thief, or to the wife of another man.

  130. 4.134

    न हीदृशं अनायुष्यं लोके किं चन विद्यते ।यादृशं पुरुषस्येह परदारोपसेवनम्

    na hīdṛśaṃ anāyuṣyaṃ loke kiṃ cana vidyate |yādṛśaṃ puruṣasyeha paradāropasevanam

    For in this world there is nothing so detri- mental to long life as criminal conversation with another man's wife.

  131. 4.135

    क्षत्रियं चैव सर्पं च ब्राह्मणं च बहुश्रुतम् ।नावमन्येत वै भूष्णुः कृशानपि कदा चन

    kṣatriyaṃ caiva sarpaṃ ca brāhmaṇaṃ ca bahuśrutam |nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana

    Let him who desires prosperity, indeed, never despise a Kshatriya, a snake, and a learned Brahma^a, be they ever so feeble.

  132. 4.136

    एतत्त्रयं हि पुरुषं निर्दहेदवमानितम् ।तस्मादेतत्त्रयं नित्यं नावमन्येत बुद्धिमान्

    etattrayaṃ hi puruṣaṃ nirdahedavamānitam |tasmādetattrayaṃ nityaṃ nāvamanyeta buddhimān

    Because these three, when treated with dis- respect, may utterly destroy him ; hence a wise man L- must never despise them.

  133. 4.137

    नात्मानं अवमन्येत पुर्वाभिरसमृद्धिभिः ।आ मृत्योः श्रियं अन्विच्छेन्नैनां मन्येत दुर्लभाम्

    nātmānaṃ avamanyeta purvābhirasamṛddhibhiḥ |ā mṛtyoḥ śriyaṃ anvicchennaināṃ manyeta durlabhām

    Let him not despise himself on account of former failures ; until death let him seek fortune, nor despair of gaining it.

  134. 4.138

    सत्यं ब्रूयात्प्रियं ब्रूयान्न ब्रूयात्सत्यं अप्रियम् ।प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः

    satyaṃ brūyātpriyaṃ brūyānna brūyātsatyaṃ apriyam |priyaṃ ca nānṛtaṃ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

    Let him say what is true, let him say what is pleasing, let him utter no disagreeable truth, and let him utter no agreeable falsehood ; that is the eternal law.

  135. 4.139

    भद्रं भद्रं इति ब्रूयाद्भद्रं इत्येव वा वदेत् ।शुष्कवैरं विवादं च न कुर्यात्केन चित्सह

    bhadraṃ bhadraṃ iti brūyādbhadraṃ ityeva vā vadet |śuṣkavairaṃ vivādaṃ ca na kuryātkena citsaha

    (What is) well, let him call well, or let him say 'well' only; let him not engage in a useless enmity or dispute with anybody.

  136. 4.140

    नातिकल्यं नातिसायं नातिमध्यंदिने स्थिते ।नाज्ञातेन समं गच्छेन्नैको न वृषलैः सह

    nātikalyaṃ nātisāyaṃ nātimadhyaṃdine sthite |nājñātena samaṃ gacchennaiko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha

    Let him not journey too early in the morning, nor too late in the evening, nor just during the midday (heat), nor with an unknown (com- panion), nor alone, nor with .Sudras.

  137. 4.141

    हीनाङ्गानतिरिक्ताङ्गान्विद्याहीनान्वयोऽधिकान् ।रूपद्रविणहीनांश्च जातिहीनांश्च नाक्षिपेत्

    hīnāṅgānatiriktāṅgānvidyāhīnānvayo'dhikān |rūpadraviṇahīnāṃśca jātihīnāṃśca nākṣipet

    Let him not insult those who have re- dundant limbs or are deficient in limbs, nor those destitute of knowledge, nor very aged' men, nor those who have no beauty or wealth, nor those who

  138. 4.142

    न स्पृशेत्पाणिनोच्छिष्टो विप्रो गोब्राह्मणानलाण् ।न चापि पश्येदशुचिः सुस्थो ज्योतिर्गणान्दिवा

    na spṛśetpāṇinocchiṣṭo vipro gobrāhmaṇānalāṇ |na cāpi paśyedaśuciḥ sustho jyotirgaṇāndivā

    A Brahma^a who is impure must not touch J with his hand a cow, a Brahma^a, or fire; nor, j being in good health, let him look at the luminaries in the sky, while he is impure.

  139. 4.143

    स्पृष्ट्वैतानशुचिर्नित्यं अद्भिः प्राणानुपस्पृशेत् ।गात्राणि चैव सर्वाणि नाभिं पाणितलेन तु

    spṛṣṭvaitānaśucirnityaṃ adbhiḥ prāṇānupaspṛśet |gātrāṇi caiva sarvāṇi nābhiṃ pāṇitalena tu

    If he has touched these, while impure, let him always sprinkle with his hand water on the organs of sensation, all- his limbs, and the navel.

  140. 4.144

    अनातुरः स्वानि खानि न स्पृशेदनिमित्ततः ।रोमाणि च रहस्यानि सर्वाण्येव विवर्जयेत्

    anāturaḥ svāni khāni na spṛśedanimittataḥ |romāṇi ca rahasyāni sarvāṇyeva vivarjayet

    Except when sick he must not touch the cavities (of the body) without a reason, and he must avoid (to touch) the hair on the secret (parts). _^,

  141. 4.145

    मङ्गलाचारयुक्तः स्यात्प्रयतात्मा जितेन्द्रियः ।जपेच्च जुहुयाच्चैव नित्यं अग्निं अतन्द्रितः

    maṅgalācārayuktaḥ syātprayatātmā jitendriyaḥ |japecca juhuyāccaiva nityaṃ agniṃ atandritaḥ

    Let him eagerly follow the (customs which are) auspicious and the rule of good conduct, be careful of purity, and control all his organs, let him mutter (prayers) and, untired, daily offer oblations in

  142. 4.146

    मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम् ।जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते

    maṅgalācārayuktānāṃ nityaṃ ca prayatātmanām |japatāṃ juhvatāṃ caiva vinipāto na vidyate

    No calamity happens to those who eagerly follow auspicious customs and the rule of good con- duct, to those who are always careful of purity, and to those who mutter (sacred texts) and offer burnt-

  143. 4.148

    वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च ।अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम्

    vedābhyāsena satataṃ śaucena tapasaiva ca |adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṃ jātiṃ smarati paurvikīm

    By daily reciting the Veda, by (the observance of the rules of) purification, by (practising) austeri- ties, and by doing no injury to created beings, one, (obtains the faculty of) remembering former births.

  144. 4.149

    पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः ।ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते

    paurvikīṃ saṃsmaranjātiṃ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ |brahmābhyāsena cājasraṃ anantaṃ sukhaṃ aśnute

    He who, recollecting his former existences, again recites the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda.

  145. 4.150

    सावित्राञ् शान्तिहोमांश्च कुर्यात्पर्वसु नित्यशः ।पितॄंश्चैवाष्टकास्वर्चेन्नित्यं अन्वष्टकासु च

    sāvitrāñ śāntihomāṃśca kuryātparvasu nityaśaḥ |pitṝṃścaivāṣṭakāsvarcennityaṃ anvaṣṭakāsu ca

    Let him always offer on the Parva-days ob- lations to Savitrz and such as avert evil omens, and on the Ash/ak&s and Anvash/akis let him constantly worship the manes.

  146. 4.151

    दूरादावसथान्मूत्रं दूरात्पादावसेचनम् ।उच्छिष्टान्ननिषेकं च दूरादेव समाचरेत्

    dūrādāvasathānmūtraṃ dūrātpādāvasecanam |ucchiṣṭānnaniṣekaṃ ca dūrādeva samācaret

    Far from his dwelling let him remove urine (and ordure), far (let him remove) the water used for washing his feet, and far the remnants of food and the water from his bath.

  147. 4.152

    मैत्रं प्रसाधनं स्नानं दन्तधावनं अञ्जनम् ।पूर्वाह्ण एव कुर्वीत देवतानां च पूजनम्

    maitraṃ prasādhanaṃ snānaṃ dantadhāvanaṃ añjanam |pūrvāhṇa eva kurvīta devatānāṃ ca pūjanam

    Early in the morning only let him void

  148. 4.153

    दैवतान्यभिगच्छेत्तु धार्मिकांश्च द्विजोत्तमान् ।ईश्वरं चैव रक्षार्थं गुरूनेव च पर्वसु

    daivatānyabhigacchettu dhārmikāṃśca dvijottamān |īśvaraṃ caiva rakṣārthaṃ gurūneva ca parvasu

    But on the Parva-days let him go to visit the (images of the) gods, and virtuous Brahma^as, and the ruler (of the country), for the sake of pro- tection, as well as his Gurus.

  149. 4.154

    अभिवादयेद्वृद्धांश्च दद्याच्चैवासनं स्वकम् ।कृताञ्जलिरुपासीत गच्छतः पृष्ठतोऽन्वियात्

    abhivādayedvṛddhāṃśca dadyāccaivāsanaṃ svakam |kṛtāñjalirupāsīta gacchataḥ pṛṣṭhato'nviyāt

    Let him reverentially salute venerable men (who visit him), give them his own seat, let him sit near them with joined hands and, when they leave, (accompany them), walking behind them.

  150. 4.155

    श्रुतिस्मृत्युदितं सम्यङ्निबद्धं स्वेषु कर्मसु ।धर्ममूलं निषेवेत सदाचारं अतन्द्रितः

    śrutismṛtyuditaṃ samyaṅnibaddhaṃ sveṣu karmasu |dharmamūlaṃ niṣeveta sadācāraṃ atandritaḥ

    Let him, untired, follow the conduct of vir- tuous men, connected with his occupations, which has been fully declared in the revealed texts and in the sacred tradition (Smrzti) and is the root of the

  151. 4.156

    आचाराल्लभते ह्यायुराचारादीप्सिताः प्रजाः ।आचाराद्धनं अक्षय्यं आचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम्

    ācārāllabhate hyāyurācārādīpsitāḥ prajāḥ |ācārāddhanaṃ akṣayyaṃ ācāro hantyalakṣaṇam

    Through virtuous conduct he obtains long life, through virtuous conduct desirable offspring, through virtuous conduct imperishable wealth ; vir- tuous conduct destroys (the effect of) inauspicious

  152. 4.157

    दुराचारो हि पुरुषो लोके भवति निन्दितः ।दुःखभागी च सततं व्याधितोऽल्पायुरेव च

    durācāro hi puruṣo loke bhavati ninditaḥ |duḥkhabhāgī ca satataṃ vyādhito'lpāyureva ca

    For a man of bad conduct is blamed among people, constantly suffers misfortunes, is afflicted with diseases, and short-lived. *J

  153. 4.158

    सर्वलक्षणहीनोऽपि यः सदाचारवान्नरः ।श्रद्दधानोऽनसूयश्च शतं वर्षाणि जीवति

    sarvalakṣaṇahīno'pi yaḥ sadācāravānnaraḥ |śraddadhāno'nasūyaśca śataṃ varṣāṇi jīvati

    A man who follows the conduct of the vir- tuous, has faith and is free from envy, lives a hundred years, though he be entirely destitute of auspicious marks.

  154. 4.159

    यद्यत्परवशं कर्म तत्तद्यत्नेन वर्जयेत् ।यद्यदात्मवशं तु स्यात्तत्तत्सेवेत यत्नतः

    yadyatparavaśaṃ karma tattadyatnena varjayet |yadyadātmavaśaṃ tu syāttattatseveta yatnataḥ

    Let him carefully avoid all undertakings (the success of) which depends on others ; but let

  155. 4.160

    सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वं आत्मवशं सुखम् ।एतद्विद्यात्समासेन लक्षणं सुखदुःखयोः

    sarvaṃ paravaśaṃ duḥkhaṃ sarvaṃ ātmavaśaṃ sukham |etadvidyātsamāsena lakṣaṇaṃ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ

  156. 4.161

    यत्कर्म कुर्वतोऽस्य स्यात्परितोषोऽन्तरात्मनः ।तत्प्रयत्नेन कुर्वीत विपरीतं तु वर्जयेत्

    yatkarma kurvato'sya syātparitoṣo'ntarātmanaḥ |tatprayatnena kurvīta viparītaṃ tu varjayet

    When the performance of an act gladdens his heart, let him perform it with diligence ; but let him avoid the opposite.

  157. 4.162

    आचार्यं च प्रवक्तारं पितरं मातरं गुरुम् ।न हिंस्याद्ब्राह्मणान्गाश्च सर्वांश्चैव तपस्विनः

    ācāryaṃ ca pravaktāraṃ pitaraṃ mātaraṃ gurum |na hiṃsyādbrāhmaṇāngāśca sarvāṃścaiva tapasvinaḥ

    Let him never offend the teacher who in- itiated him, nor him who explained the Veda, nor his father and mother, nor (any other) Guru, nor cows, nor Brahma/zas, nor any men performing

  158. 4.163

    नास्तिक्यं वेदनिन्दां च देवतानां च कुत्सनम् ।द्वेषं दम्भं च मानं च क्रोधं तैक्ष्ण्यं च वर्जयेत्

    nāstikyaṃ vedanindāṃ ca devatānāṃ ca kutsanam |dveṣaṃ dambhaṃ ca mānaṃ ca krodhaṃ taikṣṇyaṃ ca varjayet

    Let him avoid atheism, cavilling at the I Vedas, contempt of the gods, hatred, want of modesty, pride, anger, and harshness.

  159. 4.164

    परस्य दण्डं नोद्यच्छेत्क्रुद्धो नैनं निपातयेत् ।अन्यत्र पुत्राच्छिष्याद्वा शिष्ट्यर्थं ताडयेत्तु तौ

    parasya daṇḍaṃ nodyacchetkruddho nainaṃ nipātayet |anyatra putrācchiṣyādvā śiṣṭyarthaṃ tāḍayettu tau

    Let him, when angry, not raise a stick against another man, nor strike (anybody) except a son or a pupil ; those two he may beat in order to correct ' them.

  160. 4.165

    ब्राह्मणायावगुर्यैव द्विजातिर्वधकाम्यया ।शतं वर्षाणि तामिस्रे नरके परिवर्तते

    brāhmaṇāyāvaguryaiva dvijātirvadhakāmyayā |śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate

    A twice-born man who has merely threat- ened a Brahma^a with the intention of (doing him) a corporal injury, will wander about for a hundred years in the Tamisra hell.

  161. 4.166

    ताडयित्वा तृणेनापि संरम्भान्मतिपूर्वकम् ।एकविंशतीं आजातीः पापयोनिषु जायते

    tāḍayitvā tṛṇenāpi saṃrambhānmatipūrvakam |ekaviṃśatīṃ ājātīḥ pāpayoniṣu jāyate

    Having intentionally struck him in anger, even with a blade of grass, he will be born during twenty-one existences in the wombs (of such beings where men are born in punishment of their) sins.

  162. 4.167

    अयुध्यमानस्योत्पाद्य ब्राह्मणस्यासृगङ्गतः ।दुःखं सुमहदाप्नोति प्रेत्याप्राज्ञतया नरः

    ayudhyamānasyotpādya brāhmaṇasyāsṛgaṅgataḥ |duḥkhaṃ sumahadāpnoti pretyāprājñatayā naraḥ

    A man who in his folly caused blood to flow from the body of a Brahma/za who does not attack him, will suffer after death exceedingly great pain.

  163. 4.168

    शोणितं यावतः पांसून्संगृह्णाति महीतलात् ।तावतोऽब्दानमुत्रान्यैः शोणितोत्पादकोऽद्यते

    śoṇitaṃ yāvataḥ pāṃsūnsaṃgṛhṇāti mahītalāt |tāvato'bdānamutrānyaiḥ śoṇitotpādako'dyate

    As many particles of dust as the blood takes up from the ground, during so many years the gpiller of the blood will be devoured by other (animals) in the next world. ~

  164. 4.169

    न कदा चिद्द्विजे तस्माद्विद्वानवगुरेदपि ।न ताडयेत्तृणेनापि न गात्रात्स्रावयेदसृक्

    na kadā ciddvije tasmādvidvānavaguredapi |na tāḍayettṛṇenāpi na gātrātsrāvayedasṛk

    A wise man should therefore never threaten) a Brahmazza, nor strike him even with a blade of \ grass, nor cause his felood tqjlow.

  165. 4.170

    अधार्मिको नरो यो हि यस्य चाप्यनृतं धनम् ।हिंसारतश्च यो नित्यं नेहासौ सुखं एधते

    adhārmiko naro yo hi yasya cāpyanṛtaṃ dhanam |hiṃsārataśca yo nityaṃ nehāsau sukhaṃ edhate

    Neither a man who (lives) unrighteously, nor he who (acquires) wealth (by telling) falsehoods, nor he who always delights in doing injury, ever attain happiness in this world.

  166. 4.171

    न सीदन्नपि धर्मेण मनोऽधर्मे निवेशयेत् ।अधार्मिकानां पापानां आशु पश्यन्विपर्ययम्

    na sīdannapi dharmeṇa mano'dharme niveśayet |adhārmikānāṃ pāpānāṃ āśu paśyanviparyayam

    Let him, though suffering in consequence of his righteousness, never turn his heart to unrighte- ousness ; for he will see the speedy overthrow of unrighteous, wicked men.

  167. 4.172

    नाधर्मश्चरितो लोके सद्यः फलति गौरिव ।शनैरावर्त्तमानस्तु कर्तुर्मूलानि कृन्तति

    nādharmaścarito loke sadyaḥ phalati gauriva |śanairāvarttamānastu karturmūlāni kṛntati

    Unrighteousness, practised in this world, does not at once produce its fruit, like a cow ; but, advancing slowly, it cuts off the roots of him who committed it.

  168. 4.173

    यदि नात्मनि पुत्रेषु न चेत्पुत्रेषु नप्तृषु ।न त्वेव तु कृतोऽधर्मः कर्तुर्भवति निष्फलः

    yadi nātmani putreṣu na cetputreṣu naptṛṣu |na tveva tu kṛto'dharmaḥ karturbhavati niṣphalaḥ

    If (the punishment falls) not on (the offender) himself, (it falls) on his sons, if not on the sons, (at least) on his grandsons ; but an iniquity (once) com- mitted, never fails to produce fruit to him who

  169. 4.174

    अधर्मेणैधते तावत्ततो भद्राणि पश्यति ।ततः सपत्नान्जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति

    adharmeṇaidhate tāvattato bhadrāṇi paśyati |tataḥ sapatnānjayati samūlastu vinaśyati

    He prospers for a while through unrighte- ousness, then he gains great good fortune, next he conquers his enemies, but (at last) he perishes (branch and) root.

  170. 4.175

    सत्यधर्मार्यवृत्तेषु शौचे चैवारमेत्सदा ।शिष्यांश्च शिष्याद्धर्मेण वाग्बाहूदरसंयतः

    satyadharmāryavṛtteṣu śauce caivārametsadā |śiṣyāṃśca śiṣyāddharmeṇa vāgbāhūdarasaṃyataḥ

    Let him always delight in truthfulness, (obe- dience to) the sacred law, conduct worthy of an Aryan, and purity ; let him chastise his pupils accord- ing to the sacred law ; let him keep his speech, his

  171. 4.176

    परित्यजेदर्थकामौ यौ स्यातां धर्मवर्जितौ ।धर्मं चाप्यसुखोदर्कं लोकसंक्रुष्टं एव च

    parityajedarthakāmau yau syātāṃ dharmavarjitau |dharmaṃ cāpyasukhodarkaṃ lokasaṃkruṣṭaṃ eva ca

    Let him avoid (the acquisition of) wealth and (the gratification of his) desires, if they are opposed to the sacred law, and even lawful acts which may cause pain in the future or are offensive

  172. 4.177

    न पाणिपादचपलो न नेत्रचपलोऽनृजुः ।न स्याद्वाक्चपलश्चैव न परद्रोहकर्मधीः

    na pāṇipādacapalo na netracapalo'nṛjuḥ |na syādvākcapalaścaiva na paradrohakarmadhīḥ

    The last portion of the verse, 'nor injure others, &c./ may also be translated, ' let him not be intent on deeds (calculated) to injure others.' IV, i84. RULES FOR A SNATAKA. 1 57

  173. 4.178

    येनास्य पितरो याता येन याताः पितामहाः ।तेन यायात्सतां मार्गं तेन गच्छन्न रिष्यति

    yenāsya pitaro yātā yena yātāḥ pitāmahāḥ |tena yāyātsatāṃ mārgaṃ tena gacchanna riṣyati

    Let him walk in that path of holy men in its other sense, 'the earth/ i.e. 'which does not at once yield a harvest/ but mention the first explanation too. It is not impossible that the word has to be taken both ways, and that the author wishes

  174. 4.179

    ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यैर्मातुलातिथिसंश्रितैः ।बालवृद्धातुरैर्वैद्यैर्ज्ञातिसंबन्धिबान्धवैः

    ṛtvikpurohitācāryairmātulātithisaṃśritaiḥ |bālavṛddhāturairvaidyairjñātisaṃbandhibāndhavaiḥ

    Vaidyai^, 'with learned men,' may also mean 'with physicians.'

  175. 4.180

    मातापितृभ्यां जामीभिर्भ्रात्रा पुत्रेण भार्यया ।दुहित्रा दासवर्गेण विवादं न समाचरेत्

    mātāpitṛbhyāṃ jāmībhirbhrātrā putreṇa bhāryayā |duhitrā dāsavargeṇa vivādaṃ na samācaret

  176. 4.181

    एतैर्विवादान्संत्यज्य सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ।एतैर्जितैश्च जयति सर्वांल्लोकानिमान्गृही

    etairvivādānsaṃtyajya sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate |etairjitaiśca jayati sarvāṃllokānimāngṛhī

    If he avoids quarrels with these persons, he will be freed from all sins, and by suppressing (all) such (quarrels) a householder conquers all the fol- lowing worlds.

  177. 4.182

    आचार्यो ब्रह्मलोकेशः प्राजापत्ये पिता प्रभुः ।अतिथिस्त्विन्द्रलोकेशो देवलोकस्य च र्त्विजः

    ācāryo brahmalokeśaḥ prājāpatye pitā prabhuḥ |atithistvindralokeśo devalokasya ca rtvijaḥ

    The teacher is the lord of the world of Brahman, the father has power over the world of the Lord of created beings (Pra^apati), a guest rules over the world of Indra, and the priests over the

  178. 4.183

    जामयोऽप्सरसां लोके वैश्वदेवस्य बान्धवाः ।संबन्धिनो ह्यपां लोके पृथिव्यां मातृमातुलौ

    jāmayo'psarasāṃ loke vaiśvadevasya bāndhavāḥ |saṃbandhino hyapāṃ loke pṛthivyāṃ mātṛmātulau

    The female relatives (have power) over the world of the Apsarases, the maternal relatives over that of the Vi^ve Devas, the connexions by marriage over that of the waters, the mother and the maternal

  179. 4.184

    आकाशेशास्तु विज्ञेया बालवृद्धकृशातुराः ।भ्राता ज्येष्ठः समः पित्रा भार्या पुत्रः स्वका तनुः

    ākāśeśāstu vijñeyā bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ |bhrātā jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ

    Infants, aged, poor and sick men must be considered as rulers of the middle sphere, the eldest 179-184. Y&gn. I, itf-i$%.

  180. 4.185

    छाया स्वो दासवर्गश्च दुहिता कृपणं परम् ।तस्मादेतैरधिक्षिप्तः सहेतासंज्वरः सदा

    chāyā svo dāsavargaśca duhitā kṛpaṇaṃ param |tasmādetairadhikṣiptaḥ sahetāsaṃjvaraḥ sadā

    Qne's slaves as one's shadow, one's daughter as the highest object of tenderness ; hence if one is \ offended by (any one of) these, one must bear it without resentment,

  181. 4.186

    प्रतिग्रहसमर्थोऽपि प्रसङ्गं तत्र वर्जयेत् ।प्रतिग्रहेण ह्यस्याशु ब्राह्मं तेजः प्रशाम्यति

    pratigrahasamartho'pi prasaṅgaṃ tatra varjayet |pratigraheṇa hyasyāśu brāhmaṃ tejaḥ praśāmyati

    Vi. LVII, 6-7. 187. Vi. LVII, 8.

  182. 4.187

    न द्रव्याणां अविज्ञाय विधिं धर्म्यं प्रतिग्रहे ।प्राज्ञः प्रतिग्रहं कुर्यादवसीदन्नपि क्षुधा

    na dravyāṇāṃ avijñāya vidhiṃ dharmyaṃ pratigrahe |prājñaḥ pratigrahaṃ kuryādavasīdannapi kṣudhā

    Without a full knowledge of the rules, pre- scribed by the sacred law for the acceptance of presents, a wise man should not take anything, even though he may pine with hunger.

  183. 4.188

    हिरण्यं भूमिं अश्वं गां अन्नं वासस्तिलान्घृतम् ।प्रतिगृह्णन्नविद्वांस्तु भस्मीभवति दारुवत्

    hiraṇyaṃ bhūmiṃ aśvaṃ gāṃ annaṃ vāsastilānghṛtam |pratigṛhṇannavidvāṃstu bhasmībhavati dāruvat

    But an ignorant (man) who accepts gold, land, a horse, a cow, food, a dress, sesamum-grains, (or) clarified butter, is reduced to ashes like (a piece of) wood.

  184. 4.189

    हिरण्यं आयुरन्नं च भूर्गौश्चाप्योषतस्तनुम् ।अश्वश्चक्षुस्त्वचं वासो घृतं तेजस्तिलाह्प्रजाः

    hiraṇyaṃ āyurannaṃ ca bhūrgauścāpyoṣatastanum |aśvaścakṣustvacaṃ vāso ghṛtaṃ tejastilāhprajāḥ

    Gold and food destroy his longevity, land and a cow his body, a horse his eye(sight), a gar- ment his skin, clarified butter his energy, sesamum- grains his offspring.

  185. 4.190

    अतपास्त्वनधीयानः प्रतिग्रहरुचिर्द्विजः ।अम्भस्यश्मप्लवेनेव सह तेनैव मज्जति

    atapāstvanadhīyānaḥ pratigraharucirdvijaḥ |ambhasyaśmaplaveneva saha tenaiva majjati

    A Brahma^a who neither performs austerities nor studies the Veda, yet delights in accepting gifts, sinks with the (donor into hell), just as (he who attempts to cross over in) a boat made of stone (is

  186. 4.191

    तस्मादविद्वान्बिभियाद्यस्मात्तस्मात्प्रतिग्रहात् ।स्वल्पकेनाप्यविद्वान्हि पङ्के गौरिव सीदति

    tasmādavidvānbibhiyādyasmāttasmātpratigrahāt |svalpakenāpyavidvānhi paṅke gauriva sīdati

    Hence an ignorant (man) should be afraid of accepting any presents ; for by reason of a very small (gift) even a fool sinks (into hell) as a cow into a morass.

  187. 4.192

    न वार्यपि प्रयच्छेत्तु बैडालव्रतिके द्विजे ।न बकव्रतिके पापे नावेदविदि धर्मवित्

    na vāryapi prayacchettu baiḍālavratike dvije |na bakavratike pāpe nāvedavidi dharmavit

    (A man) who knows the law should not offer even water to a Brahma/za who acts like a cat, nor to a Brahma/za who acts like a heron, nor to one who is unacquainted with the Veda.

  188. 4.193

    त्रिष्वप्येतेषु दत्तं हि विधिनाप्यर्जितं धनम् ।दातुर्भवत्यनर्थाय परत्रादातुरेव च

    triṣvapyeteṣu dattaṃ hi vidhināpyarjitaṃ dhanam |dāturbhavatyanarthāya paratrādātureva ca

    For property, though earned in accordance with prescribed rules, which is given to these three (persons), causes in the next world misery both to the giver and to the recipient.

  189. 4.194

    यथा प्लवेनाउपलेन निमज्जत्युदके तरन् ।तथा निमज्जतोऽधस्तादज्ञौ दातृप्रतीच्छकौ

    yathā plavenāupalena nimajjatyudake taran |tathā nimajjato'dhastādajñau dātṛpratīcchakau

    As he who (attempts to) cross water in a boat of stone sinks (to the bottom), even so an igno- rant donor and an ignorant donee sink low.

  190. 4.195

    धर्मध्वजी सदा लुब्धश्छाद्मिको लोकदम्भकः ।बैडालव्रतिको ज्ञेयो हिंस्रः सर्वाभिसंधकः

    dharmadhvajī sadā lubdhaśchādmiko lokadambhakaḥ |baiḍālavratiko jñeyo hiṃsraḥ sarvābhisaṃdhakaḥ

    (A man) who, ever covetous, displays the flag of virtue, (who is) a hypocrite, a deceiver of the people, intent on doing injury, (and) a detractor (from the merits) of all men, one must know to be

  191. 4.196

    अधोदृष्टिर्नैष्कृतिकः स्वार्थसाधनतत्परः ।शठो मिथ्याविनीतश्च बकव्रतचरो द्विजः

    adhodṛṣṭirnaiṣkṛtikaḥ svārthasādhanatatparaḥ |śaṭho mithyāvinītaśca bakavratacaro dvijaḥ

    That Brahma/za, who with downcast look, of a cruel disposition, is solely intent on attaining his own ends, dishonest and falsely gentle, is one who acts like a heron.

  192. 4.197

    ये बकव्रतिनो विप्रा ये च मार्जारलिङ्गिनः ।ते पतन्त्यन्धतामिस्रे तेन पापेन कर्मणा

    ye bakavratino viprā ye ca mārjāraliṅginaḥ |te patantyandhatāmisre tena pāpena karmaṇā

    Those Brahma^as who act like herons, and those who display the characteristics of cats, fall in consequence of that wicked mode of acting into (the hell called) Andhatamisra.

  193. 4.198

    न धर्मस्यापदेशेन पापं कृत्वा व्रतं चरेत् ।व्रतेन पापं प्रच्छाद्य कुर्वन्स्त्रीशूद्रदम्भनम्

    na dharmasyāpadeśena pāpaṃ kṛtvā vrataṃ caret |vratena pāpaṃ pracchādya kurvanstrīśūdradambhanam

    When he has committed a sin, let him not

  194. 4.199

    प्रेत्येह चेदृशा विप्रा गर्ह्यन्ते ब्रह्मवादिभिः ।छद्मना चरितं यच्च व्रतं रक्षांसि गच्छति

    pretyeha cedṛśā viprā garhyante brahmavādibhiḥ |chadmanā caritaṃ yacca vrataṃ rakṣāṃsi gacchati

    Such Brahma/zas are reprehended after death and in this (life) by those who expound the Veda, and a vow, performed under a false pretence, goes to the Rakshasas.

  195. 4.200

    अलिङ्गी लिङ्गिवेषेण यो वृत्तिं उपजीवति ।स लिङ्गिनां हरत्येनस्तिर्यग्योनौ च जायते

    aliṅgī liṅgiveṣeṇa yo vṛttiṃ upajīvati |sa liṅgināṃ haratyenastiryagyonau ca jāyate

    He who, without being a student, gains his livelihood by (wearing) the dress of a student, takes upon himself the guilt of (all) students and is born again in the womb of an animal.

  196. 4.201

    परकीयनिपानेषु न स्नायाद्धि कदा चन ।निपानकर्तुः स्नात्वा तु दुष्कृतांशेन लिप्यते

    parakīyanipāneṣu na snāyāddhi kadā cana |nipānakartuḥ snātvā tu duṣkṛtāṃśena lipyate

    Let him never bathe in tanks belonging to other men ; if he bathes (in such a one), he is tainted by a portion of the guilt of him who made the tank.

  197. 4.202

    यानशय्यासनान्यस्य कूपोद्यानगृहाणि च ।अदत्तान्युपयुञ्जान एनसः स्यात्तुरीयभाक्

    yānaśayyāsanānyasya kūpodyānagṛhāṇi ca |adattānyupayuñjāna enasaḥ syātturīyabhāk

    He who uses without permission a carriage, a bed, a seat, a well, a garden or a house belonging to an(other man), takes upon himself one fourth of (the owners) guilt.

  198. 4.203

    नदीषु देवखातेषु तडागेषु सरःसु च ।स्नानं समाचरेन्नित्यं गर्तप्रस्रवणेषु च

    nadīṣu devakhāteṣu taḍāgeṣu saraḥsu ca |snānaṃ samācarennityaṃ gartaprasravaṇeṣu ca

    Let him always bathe in rivers, in ponds, dug by the gods (themselves), in lakes, and in water- holes or springs.

  199. 4.204

    यमान्सेवेत सततं न नित्यं नियमान्बुधः ।यमान्पतत्यकुर्वाणो नियमान्केवलान्भजन्

    yamānseveta satataṃ na nityaṃ niyamānbudhaḥ |yamānpatatyakurvāṇo niyamānkevalānbhajan

    A wise man should constantly discharge the paramount duties (called yama), but not always the minor ones (called niyama) ; for he who does not may be performed either by a sinner in order to atone for a crime

  200. 4.205

    नाश्रोत्रियतते यज्ञे ग्रामयाजिकृते तथा ।स्त्रिया क्लीबेन च हुते भुञ्जीत ब्राह्मणः क्व चित्

    nāśrotriyatate yajñe grāmayājikṛte tathā |striyā klībena ca hute bhuñjīta brāhmaṇaḥ kva cit

    A Brahma^a must never eat (a dinner given) at a sacrifice that is offered by one who is not a .Srotriya, by one who sacrifices for a multitude of men, by a woman, or by a eunuch.

  201. 4.206

    अश्लीकं एतत्साधूनां यत्र जुह्वत्यमी हविः ।प्रतीपं एतद्देवानां तस्मात्तत्परिवर्जयेत्

    aślīkaṃ etatsādhūnāṃ yatra juhvatyamī haviḥ |pratīpaṃ etaddevānāṃ tasmāttatparivarjayet

    When those persons offer sacrificial viands in the fire, it is unlucky for holy (men) and it dis- pleases the gods ; let him therefore avoid it.

  202. 4.207

    मत्तक्रुद्धातुराणां च न भुञ्जीत कदा चन ।केशकीटावपन्नं च पदा स्पृष्टं च कामतः

    mattakruddhāturāṇāṃ ca na bhuñjīta kadā cana |keśakīṭāvapannaṃ ca padā spṛṣṭaṃ ca kāmataḥ

    Let him never eat (food given) by intoxi- j cated, angry, or sick (men), nor that in which hair or insects are found, nor what has been touched intentionally with the foot,

  203. 4.208

    भ्रूणघ्नावेक्षितं चैव संस्पृष्टं चाप्युदक्यया ।पतत्रिणावलीढं च शुना संस्पृष्टं एव च

    bhrūṇaghnāvekṣitaṃ caiva saṃspṛṣṭaṃ cāpyudakyayā |patatriṇāvalīḍhaṃ ca śunā saṃspṛṣṭaṃ eva ca

    Nor that at which the slayer of a learned Brahma^a has looked, nor that which has been touched by a menstruating woman, nor that which has been pecked at by birds or touched by a dog, —

  204. 4.209

    गवा चान्नं उपघ्रातं घुष्टान्नं च विशेषतः ।गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च विदुषा च जुगुप्सितम्

    gavā cānnaṃ upaghrātaṃ ghuṣṭānnaṃ ca viśeṣataḥ |gaṇānnaṃ gaṇikānnaṃ ca viduṣā ca jugupsitam

    Nor food at which a cow has smelt, nor par- ticularly that which has been offered by an invitation to all comers, nor that (given) by a multitude or by harlots, nor that which is declared to be bad by a

  205. 4.210

    स्तेनगायनयोश्चान्नं तक्ष्णो वार्धुषिकस्य च ।दीक्षितस्य कदर्यस्य बद्धस्य निगडस्य च

    stenagāyanayoścānnaṃ takṣṇo vārdhuṣikasya ca |dīkṣitasya kadaryasya baddhasya nigaḍasya ca

    Nor the food (given) by a thief, a musician, a carpenter, a usurer, one who has been initiated (for the performance of a .SYauta sacrifice), a miser, one bound with fetters,

  206. 4.211

    अभिशस्तस्य षण्ढस्य पुंश्चल्या दाम्भिकस्य च ।शुक्तं पर्युषितं चैव शूद्रस्योच्छिष्टं एव च

    abhiśastasya ṣaṇḍhasya puṃścalyā dāmbhikasya ca |śuktaṃ paryuṣitaṃ caiva śūdrasyocchiṣṭaṃ eva ca

    By one accused of a mortal sin (Abhisasta), a hermaphrodite, an unchaste woman, or a hypocrite, nor (any sweet thing) that has turned sour, nor what has been kept a whole night, nor (the food) of a

  207. 4.212

    चिकित्सकस्य मृगयोः क्रूरस्योच्छिष्टभोजिनः ।उग्रान्नं सूतिकान्नं च पर्याचान्तं अनिर्दशम्

    cikitsakasya mṛgayoḥ krūrasyocchiṣṭabhojinaḥ |ugrānnaṃ sūtikānnaṃ ca paryācāntaṃ anirdaśam

    Nor (the food given) by a physician, a hunter, a cruel man, one who eats the fragments (of another's meal), nor the food of an Ugra, nor that prepared for a woman in childbed, nor that (given at a dinner)

  208. 4.213

    अनर्चितं वृथामांसं अवीरायाश्च योषितः ।द्विषदन्नं नगर्यन्नं पतितान्नं अवक्षुतम्

    anarcitaṃ vṛthāmāṃsaṃ avīrāyāśca yoṣitaḥ |dviṣadannaṃ nagaryannaṃ patitānnaṃ avakṣutam

    Nor (food) given without due respect, nor (that which contains) meat eaten for no sacred pur- pose, nor (that given) by a female who has no male (relatives), nor the food of an enemy, nor that (given)

  209. 4.214

    पिशुनानृतिनोश्चान्नं क्रतुविक्रयिणस्तथा ।शैलूषतुन्नवायान्नं कृतघ्नस्यान्नं एव च

    piśunānṛtinoścānnaṃ kratuvikrayiṇastathā |śailūṣatunnavāyānnaṃ kṛtaghnasyānnaṃ eva ca

    Nor the food (given) by an informer, by one who habitually tells falsehoods, or by one who sells (the rewards for) sacrifices, nor the food (given) by an actor, a tailor, or an ungrateful (man),

  210. 4.215

    कर्मारस्य निषादस्य रङ्गावतारकस्य च ।सुवर्णकर्तुर्वेणस्य शस्त्रविक्रयिणस्तथा

    karmārasya niṣādasya raṅgāvatārakasya ca |suvarṇakarturveṇasya śastravikrayiṇastathā

    By a blacksmith, a Nishada, a stage-player, a goldsmith, a basket-maker, or a dealer in weapons,

  211. 4.216

    श्ववतां शौण्डिकानां च चैलनिर्णेजकस्य च ।रञ्जकस्य नृशंसस्य यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे

    śvavatāṃ śauṇḍikānāṃ ca cailanirṇejakasya ca |rañjakasya nṛśaṃsasya yasya copapatirgṛhe

    By trainers of hunting dogs, publicans, a washerman, a dyer, a pitiless (man), and a man in whose house (lives) a paramour (of his wife),

  212. 4.217

    मृष्यन्ति ये चोपपतिं स्त्रीजितानां च सर्वशः ।अनिर्दशं च प्रेतान्नं अतुष्टिकरं एव च

    mṛṣyanti ye copapatiṃ strījitānāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ |anirdaśaṃ ca pretānnaṃ atuṣṭikaraṃ eva ca

    Nor (the food given) by those who knowingly bear with paramours (of their wives), and by those who in all matters are ruled by women, nor food (given by men) whose ten days of impurity on

  213. 4.218

    राजान्नं तेज आदत्ते शूद्रान्नं ब्रह्मवर्चसम् ।आयुः सुवर्णकारान्नं यशश्चर्मावकर्तिनः

    rājānnaṃ teja ādatte śūdrānnaṃ brahmavarcasam |āyuḥ suvarṇakārānnaṃ yaśaścarmāvakartinaḥ

    The food of a king impairs his vigour, the food of a vSttdra his excellence in sacred learning, the food of a goldsmith his longevity, that of a leather-cutter his fame ;

  214. 4.219

    कारुकान्नं प्रजां हन्ति बलं निर्णेजकस्य च ।गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च लोकेभ्यः परिकृन्तति

    kārukānnaṃ prajāṃ hanti balaṃ nirṇejakasya ca |gaṇānnaṃ gaṇikānnaṃ ca lokebhyaḥ parikṛntati

    The food of an artisan destroys his offspring, that of a washerman his (bodily) strength ; the food of a multitude and of harlots excludes him from (the higher) worlds. v^ "^ J Of '

  215. 4.220

    पूयं चिकित्सकस्यान्नं पुंश्चल्यास्त्वन्नं इन्द्रियम् ।विष्ठा वार्धुषिकस्यान्नं शस्त्रविक्रयिणो मलम्

    pūyaṃ cikitsakasyānnaṃ puṃścalyāstvannaṃ indriyam |viṣṭhā vārdhuṣikasyānnaṃ śastravikrayiṇo malam

    The food of a physician (is as vile as) pus, " that of an unchaste woman (equal to) semen, that £5^ of a usurer (as vile as) ordure, and that of a dealer I in weapons (as bad as) dirt.

  216. 4.221

    य एतेऽन्ये त्वभोज्यान्नाः क्रमशः परिकीर्तिताः ।तेषां त्वगस्थिरोमाणि वदन्त्यन्नं मनीषिणः

    ya ete'nye tvabhojyānnāḥ kramaśaḥ parikīrtitāḥ |teṣāṃ tvagasthiromāṇi vadantyannaṃ manīṣiṇaḥ

    The food of those other persons who have |

  217. 4.222

    भुक्त्वातोऽन्यतं अस्यान्नं अमत्या क्षपणं त्र्यहम् ।मत्या भुक्त्वाचरेत्कृच्छ्रं रेतोविण्मूत्रं एव च

    bhuktvāto'nyataṃ asyānnaṃ amatyā kṣapaṇaṃ tryaham |matyā bhuktvācaretkṛcchraṃ retoviṇmūtraṃ eva ca

    If he has unwittingly eaten the food of one of those, (he must) fast for three days ; if he has eaten it intentionally, or (has swallowed) semen, ordure, or urine, he must perform a KriMkra.

  218. 4.223

    नाद्याच्छूद्रस्य पक्वान्नं विद्वानश्राद्धिनो द्विजः ।आददीतामं एवास्मादवृत्तावेकरात्रिकम्

    nādyācchūdrasya pakvānnaṃ vidvānaśrāddhino dvijaḥ |ādadītāmaṃ evāsmādavṛttāvekarātrikam

    A Brahma?2a who knows (the law) must not eat cooked food (given) by a .Sudra who performs no .Sraddhas ; but, on failure of (other) means of subsistence, he may accept raw (grain),

  219. 4.224

    श्रोत्रियस्य कदर्यस्य वदान्यस्य च वार्धुषेः ।मीमांसित्वोभयं देवाः समं अन्नं अकल्पयन्

    śrotriyasya kadaryasya vadānyasya ca vārdhuṣeḥ |mīmāṃsitvobhayaṃ devāḥ samaṃ annaṃ akalpayan

    The gods, having considered (the respective merits) of a niggardly .Srotriya and of a liberal usurer, declared the food of both to be equal (in quality).

  220. 4.225

    तान्प्रजापतिराहैत्य मा कृध्वं विषमं समम् ।श्रद्धापूतं वदान्यस्य हतं अश्रद्धयेतरत्

    tānprajāpatirāhaitya mā kṛdhvaṃ viṣamaṃ samam |śraddhāpūtaṃ vadānyasya hataṃ aśraddhayetarat

    The Lord of created beings (Pra^apati) came and spake to them, ' Do not make that equal, which is unequal. The food of that liberal (usurer) is purified by faith ; (that of the) other (man) is

  221. 4.226

    श्रद्धयेष्टं च पूर्तं च नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः ।श्रद्धाकृते ह्यक्षये ते भवतः स्वागतैर्धनैः

    śraddhayeṣṭaṃ ca pūrtaṃ ca nityaṃ kuryādatandritaḥ |śraddhākṛte hyakṣaye te bhavataḥ svāgatairdhanaiḥ

    Let him, without tiring, always offer sacri fices and perform works of charity with faith ; for offerings and charitable works made with faith and with lawfully-earned money, (procure) endless

  222. 4.227

    दानधर्मं निषेवेत नित्यं ऐष्टिकपौर्तिकम् ।परितुष्टेन भावेन पात्रं आसाद्य शक्तितः

    dānadharmaṃ niṣeveta nityaṃ aiṣṭikapaurtikam |parituṣṭena bhāvena pātraṃ āsādya śaktitaḥ

    Let him always practise, according to his

  223. 4.228

    यत्किं चिदपि दातव्यं याचितेनानसूयया ।उत्पत्स्यते हि तत्पात्रं यत्तारयति सर्वतः

    yatkiṃ cidapi dātavyaṃ yācitenānasūyayā |utpatsyate hi tatpātraṃ yattārayati sarvataḥ

    If he is asked, let him always give some- [' fl: } thing, be it ever so little, without grudging ; for a ^ worthy recipient will (perhaps) be found who saves i him from all (guilt). -*£-

  224. 4.229

    वारिदस्तृप्तिं आप्नोति सुखं अक्षय्यं अन्नदः ।तिलप्रदः प्रजां इष्टां दीपदश्चक्षुरुत्तमम्

    vāridastṛptiṃ āpnoti sukhaṃ akṣayyaṃ annadaḥ |tilapradaḥ prajāṃ iṣṭāṃ dīpadaścakṣuruttamam

    A giver of water obtains the satisfaction (of his hunger and thirst), a giver of food imperishable / happiness, a giver of sesamum desirable offspring, / a giver of a lamp a most excellent eyesight. — I

  225. 4.230

    भूमिदो भूमिं आप्नोति दीर्घं आयुर्हिरण्यदः ।गृहदोऽग्र्याणि वेश्मानि रूप्यदो रूपं उत्तमम्

    bhūmido bhūmiṃ āpnoti dīrghaṃ āyurhiraṇyadaḥ |gṛhado'gryāṇi veśmāni rūpyado rūpaṃ uttamam

    A giver of land obtains land, a giver of gold long life, a giver of a house most excellent mansions, a giver of silver (rupya) exquisite beauty (rupa),

  226. 4.231

    वासोदश्चन्द्रसालोक्यं अश्विसालोक्यं अश्वदः ।अनडुहः श्रियं पुष्टां गोदो ब्रध्नस्य विष्टपम्

    vāsodaścandrasālokyaṃ aśvisālokyaṃ aśvadaḥ |anaḍuhaḥ śriyaṃ puṣṭāṃ godo bradhnasya viṣṭapam

    A giver of a garment a place in the world of the moon, a giver of a horse (a>?va) a place in the world of the Asvins, a giver of a draught-ox great good fortune, a giver of a cow the world of the sun ;

  227. 4.232

    यानशय्याप्रदो भार्यां ऐश्वर्यं अभयप्रदः ।धान्यदः शाश्वतं सौख्यं ब्रह्मदो ब्रह्मसार्ष्टिताम्

    yānaśayyāprado bhāryāṃ aiśvaryaṃ abhayapradaḥ |dhānyadaḥ śāśvataṃ saukhyaṃ brahmado brahmasārṣṭitām

    A giver of a carriage or of a bed a wife, a giver of protection supreme dominion, a giver of grain eternal bliss, a giver of the Veda (brahman) union with Brahman ;

  228. 4.233

    सर्वेषां एव दानानां ब्रह्मदानं विशिष्यते ।वार्यन्नगोमहीवासस् तिलकाञ्चनसर्पिषाम्

    sarveṣāṃ eva dānānāṃ brahmadānaṃ viśiṣyate |vāryannagomahīvāsas tilakāñcanasarpiṣām

    The gift of the Veda surpasses all other gifts, water, food, cows, land, clothes, sesamum, gold, and clarified butter.

  229. 4.234

    येन येन तु भावेन यद्यद्दानं प्रयच्छति ।तत्तत्तेनैव भावेन प्राप्नोति प्रतिपूजितः

    yena yena tu bhāvena yadyaddānaṃ prayacchati |tattattenaiva bhāvena prāpnoti pratipūjitaḥ

    For whatever purpose (a man) bestows any gift, for that same purpose he receives (in his next birth) with due honour its (reward). 226-235. Vas. XXX; Vi. XCI-XCII ; Yign. I, 201, 203-212.

  230. 4.235

    योऽर्चितं प्रतिगृह्णाति ददात्यर्चितं एव वा ।तावुभौ गच्छतः स्वर्गं नरकं तु विपर्यये

    yo'rcitaṃ pratigṛhṇāti dadātyarcitaṃ eva vā |tāvubhau gacchataḥ svargaṃ narakaṃ tu viparyaye

    Both he who respectfully receives (a gift), and he who respectfully bestows it, go to heaven ; in the contrary case (they both fall) into hell.

  231. 4.236

    न विस्मयेत तपसा वदेदिष्ट्वा च नानृतम् ।नार्तोऽप्यपवदेद्विप्रान्न दत्त्वा परिकीर्तयेत्

    na vismayeta tapasā vadediṣṭvā ca nānṛtam |nārto'pyapavadedviprānna dattvā parikīrtayet

    Let him not be proud of his austerities; let him not utter a falsehood after he has offered a sacrifice ; let him not speak ill of Brahma/zas, though he be tormented (by them) ; when he has bestowed

  232. 4.237

    यज्ञोऽनृतेन क्षरति तपः क्षरति विस्मयात् ।आयुर्विप्रापवादेन दानं च परिकीर्तनात्

    yajño'nṛtena kṣarati tapaḥ kṣarati vismayāt |āyurviprāpavādena dānaṃ ca parikīrtanāt

  233. 4.238

    धर्मं शनैः संचिनुयाद्वल्मीकं इव पुत्तिकाः ।परलोकसहायार्थं सर्वभूतान्यपीडयन्

    dharmaṃ śanaiḥ saṃcinuyādvalmīkaṃ iva puttikāḥ |paralokasahāyārthaṃ sarvabhūtānyapīḍayan

    Giving no pain to any creature, let him slowly accumulate spiritual merit, for the sake (of acquiring) a companion to the next world, just as the white ant (gradually raises its) hill.

  234. 4.239

    नामुत्र हि सहायार्थं पिता माता च तिष्ठतः ।न पुत्रदारं न ज्ञातिर्धर्मस्तिष्ठति केवलः

    nāmutra hi sahāyārthaṃ pitā mātā ca tiṣṭhataḥ |na putradāraṃ na jñātirdharmastiṣṭhati kevalaḥ

  235. 4.240

    एकः प्रजायते जन्तुरेक एव प्रलीयते ।एकोऽनुभुङ्क्ते सुकृतं एक एव च दुष्कृतम्

    ekaḥ prajāyate jantureka eva pralīyate |eko'nubhuṅkte sukṛtaṃ eka eva ca duṣkṛtam

    Single is each being born ; single it dies ; single it enjoys (the reward of its) virtue ; single (it suffers the punishment of its) sin.

  236. 4.241

    मृतं शरीरं उत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं क्षितौ ।विमुखा बान्धवा यान्ति धर्मस्तं अनुगच्छति

    mṛtaṃ śarīraṃ utsṛjya kāṣṭhaloṣṭasamaṃ kṣitau |vimukhā bāndhavā yānti dharmastaṃ anugacchati

    Leaving the dead body on the ground like a log of wood, or a clod of earth, the relatives de- part with averted faces ; but spiritual merit follows the (soul).

  237. 4.242

    तस्माद्धर्मं सहायार्थं नित्यं संचिनुयाच्छनैः ।धर्मेण हि सहायेन तमस्तरति दुस्तरम्

    tasmāddharmaṃ sahāyārthaṃ nityaṃ saṃcinuyācchanaiḥ |dharmeṇa hi sahāyena tamastarati dustaram

    Let him therefore always slowly accumu- late spiritual merit, in order (that it may be his) companion (after death) ; for with merit as his companion he will traverse a gloom difficult to

  238. 4.243

    धर्मप्रधानं पुरुषं तपसा हतकिल्बिषम् ।परलोकं नयत्याशु भास्वन्तं खशरीरिणम्

    dharmapradhānaṃ puruṣaṃ tapasā hatakilbiṣam |paralokaṃ nayatyāśu bhāsvantaṃ khaśarīriṇam

    (That companion) speedily conducts the man who is devoted to duty and effaces his sins by IV, 250. RULES FOR A SNATAKA. 1 67 — . ,_ .

  239. 4.244

    उत्तमैरुत्तमैर्नित्यं संबन्धानाचरेत्सह ।निनीषुः कुलं उत्कर्षं अधमानधमांस्त्यजेत्

    uttamairuttamairnityaṃ saṃbandhānācaretsaha |ninīṣuḥ kulaṃ utkarṣaṃ adhamānadhamāṃstyajet

    Let him, who desires to raise his race, ever form connexions with the most excellent (men), and I shun all low ones.

  240. 4.245

    उत्तमानुत्तमानेव गच्छन्हीनांस्तु वर्जयन् ।ब्राह्मणः श्रेष्ठतां एति प्रत्यवायेन शूद्रताम्

    uttamānuttamāneva gacchanhīnāṃstu varjayan |brāhmaṇaḥ śreṣṭhatāṃ eti pratyavāyena śūdratām

    A Brahma^a who always connects himself/ with the most excellent (ones), and shuns all inferior/ ones, (himself) becomes most distinguished ; by an] opposite conduct he becomes a 6udra. ^X\

  241. 4.246

    दृढकारी मृदुर्दान्तः क्रूराचारैरसंवसन् ।अहिंस्रो दमदानाभ्यां जयेत्स्वर्गं तथाव्रतः

    dṛḍhakārī mṛdurdāntaḥ krūrācārairasaṃvasan |ahiṃsro damadānābhyāṃ jayetsvargaṃ tathāvrataḥ

    He who is persevering, gentle, (and) patient, M shuns the company of men of cruel conduct, and<fX' does no injury (to living creatures), gains, if he con- ' stantly lives in that manner, by controlling his

  242. 4.247

    एधोदकं मूलफलं अन्नं अभ्युद्यतं च यत् ।सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्णीयान्मध्वथाभयदक्षिणाम्

    edhodakaṃ mūlaphalaṃ annaṃ abhyudyataṃ ca yat |sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyānmadhvathābhayadakṣiṇām

    He may accept from any (man), fuel, water, roots, fruit, food offered without asking, and honey, likewise a gift (which consists in) a promise of pro- tection.

  243. 4.248

    आहृताभ्युद्यतां भिक्षां पुरस्तादप्रचोदिताम् ।मेने प्रजापतिर्ग्राह्यां अपि दुष्कृतकर्मणः

    āhṛtābhyudyatāṃ bhikṣāṃ purastādapracoditām |mene prajāpatirgrāhyāṃ api duṣkṛtakarmaṇaḥ

    The Lord of created beings (Pra^apati) has declared that alms freely offered and brought (by the giver himself) may be accepted even from a sinful man, provided (the gift) had not been (asked

  244. 4.249

    नाश्नन्ति पितरस्तस्य दशवर्षाणि पञ्च च ।न च हव्यं वहत्यग्निर्यस्तां अभ्यवमन्यते

    nāśnanti pitarastasya daśavarṣāṇi pañca ca |na ca havyaṃ vahatyagniryastāṃ abhyavamanyate

    During fifteen years the manes do not eat (the food) of that man who disdains a (freely-offered gift), nor does the fire carry his offerings (to the gods).

  245. 4.250

    शय्यां गृहान्कुशान्गन्धानपः पुष्पं मणीन्दधि ।धाना मत्स्यान्पयो मांसं शाकं चैव न निर्णुदेत्

    śayyāṃ gṛhānkuśāngandhānapaḥ puṣpaṃ maṇīndadhi |dhānā matsyānpayo māṃsaṃ śākaṃ caiva na nirṇudet

    A couch, a house, Kui*a grass, perfumes,

  246. 4.251

    गुरून्भृत्यांश्चोज्जिहीर्षन्नर्चिष्यन्देवतातिथीन् ।सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न तु तृप्येत्स्वयं ततः

    gurūnbhṛtyāṃścojjihīrṣannarciṣyandevatātithīn |sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyānna tu tṛpyetsvayaṃ tataḥ

    He who desires to relieve his Gurus and those whom he is bound to maintain, or wishes to honour the gods and guests, may accept (gifts) from anybody ; but he must not satisfy his (own hunger)

  247. 4.252

    गुरुषु त्वभ्यतीतेषु विना वा तैर्गृहे वसन् ।आत्मनो वृत्तिं अन्विच्छन्गृह्णीयात्साधुतः सदा

    guruṣu tvabhyatīteṣu vinā vā tairgṛhe vasan |ātmano vṛttiṃ anvicchangṛhṇīyātsādhutaḥ sadā

    But if his Gurus are dead, or if he lives separate from them in (another) house, let him, when he seeks a subsistence, accept (presents) from good men alone.

  248. 4.253

    आर्धिकः कुलमित्रं च गोपालो दासनापितौ ।एते शूद्रेषु भोज्यान्ना याश्चात्मानं निवेदयेत्

    ārdhikaḥ kulamitraṃ ca gopālo dāsanāpitau |ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāścātmānaṃ nivedayet

    His labourer in tillage, a friend of his family, his cow-herd, his slave, and his barber are, among •Sudras, those whose food he may eat, likewise (a poor man) who offers himself (to be his slave).

  249. 4.254

    यादृशोऽस्य भवेदात्मा यादृशं च चिकीर्षितम् ।यथा चोपचरेदेनं तथात्मानं निवेदयेत्

    yādṛśo'sya bhavedātmā yādṛśaṃ ca cikīrṣitam |yathā copacaredenaṃ tathātmānaṃ nivedayet

    As his character is, as the work is which he desires to perform, and as the manner is in which he means to serve, even so (a voluntary slave) must offer himself.

  250. 4.255

    योऽन्यथा सन्तं आत्मानं अन्यथा सत्सु भाषते ।स पापकृत्तमो लोके स्तेन आत्मापहारकः

    yo'nyathā santaṃ ātmānaṃ anyathā satsu bhāṣate |sa pāpakṛttamo loke stena ātmāpahārakaḥ

    He who describes himself to virtuous (men), in a manner contrary to truth, is the most sinful (wretch) in this world ; he is a thief who makes away with his own self.

  251. 4.256

    वाच्यर्था नियताः सर्वे वाङ्मूला वाग्विनिःसृताः ।तांस्तु यः स्तेनयेद्वाचं स सर्वस्तेयकृन्नरः

    vācyarthā niyatāḥ sarve vāṅmūlā vāgviniḥsṛtāḥ |tāṃstu yaḥ stenayedvācaṃ sa sarvasteyakṛnnaraḥ

    All things (have their nature) determined by speech ; speech is their root, and from speech they proceed ; but he who is dishonest with respect to speech, is dishonest in everything.

  252. 4.257

    महर्षिपितृदेवानां गत्वानृण्यं यथाविधि ।पुत्रे सर्वं समासज्य वसेन्माध्यस्थ्यं आश्रितः

    maharṣipitṛdevānāṃ gatvānṛṇyaṃ yathāvidhi |putre sarvaṃ samāsajya vasenmādhyasthyaṃ āśritaḥ

    When he has paid, according to the law, his debts to the great sages, to the manes, and to the gods, let him make over everything to his son and dwell (in his house), not caring for any worldly j

  253. 4.258

    एकाकी चिन्तयेन्नित्यं विविक्ते हितं आत्मनः ।एकाकी चिन्तयानो हि परं श्रेयोऽधिगच्छति

    ekākī cintayennityaṃ vivikte hitaṃ ātmanaḥ |ekākī cintayāno hi paraṃ śreyo'dhigacchati

    Alone let him constantly meditate in solitude on that which is salutary for his soul ; for he who meditates in solitude attains supreme bliss.

  254. 4.259

    एषोदिता गृहस्थस्य वृत्तिर्विप्रस्य शाश्वती ।स्नातकव्रतकल्पश्च सत्त्ववृद्धिकरः शुभः

    eṣoditā gṛhasthasya vṛttirviprasya śāśvatī |snātakavratakalpaśca sattvavṛddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ

    Thus have been declared the means by which a Brahma/za householder must always subsist, and the summary of the ordinances for a Snataka, which cause an increase of holiness and are praise-

  255. 4.260

    अनेन विप्रो वृत्तेन वर्तयन्वेदशास्त्रवित् ।व्यपेतकल्मषो नित्यं ब्रह्मलोके महीयते

    anena vipro vṛttena vartayanvedaśāstravit |vyapetakalmaṣo nityaṃ brahmaloke mahīyate

    A Brahma^a who, being learned in the lore of the Vedas, conducts himself in this manner and daily destroys his sins, will be exalted in Brahman's world.

Commentary

255 verses, 231 aligned to Bühler's 1886 English translation. Manusmriti is one of the more ideologically loaded texts in the Indian canon — its rules on caste, gender, and punishment have been read in radically different ways across time. We host the public-domain Bühler; modern critical translations (Olivelle 2005) include important historical context.