Swaveda

Manusmriti (Laws of Manu) · Chapter 3

Adhyaya 3: Marriage; Householder Duties

Translated by Georg Bühler (1886, Sacred Books of the East Vol 25, public domain), 1886. Public domain.

Original script:
  1. 3.1

    षट्त्रिंशदाब्दिकं चर्यं गुरौ त्रैवेदिकं व्रतम् ।तदर्धिकं पादिकं वा ग्रहणान्तिकं एव वा

    ṣaṭtriṃśadābdikaṃ caryaṃ gurau traivedikaṃ vratam |tadardhikaṃ pādikaṃ vā grahaṇāntikaṃ eva vā

    Having dwelt with a teacher during the fourth part of (a man's) life, a Brahma^a shall live during the second quarter (of his existence) in his house, after he has wedded a wife.

  2. 3.2

    वेदानधीत्य वेदौ वा वेदं वापि यथाक्रमम् ।अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यो गृहस्थाश्रमं आवसेत्

    vedānadhītya vedau vā vedaṃ vāpi yathākramam |aviplutabrahmacaryo gṛhasthāśramaṃ āvaset

  3. 3.3

    तं प्रतीतं स्वधर्मेण ब्रह्मदायहरं पितुः ।स्रग्विणं तल्प आसीनं अर्हयेत्प्रथमं गवा

    taṃ pratītaṃ svadharmeṇa brahmadāyaharaṃ pituḥ |sragviṇaṃ talpa āsīnaṃ arhayetprathamaṃ gavā

    For the purpose of gaining bare subsistence, let him accumulate property by (following those) irreproachable occupations (which are prescribed for) his (caste), without (unduly) fatiguing his body.

  4. 3.4

    गुरुणानुमतः स्नात्वा समावृत्तो यथाविधि ।उद्वहेत द्विजो भार्यां सवर्णां लक्षणान्विताम्

    guruṇānumataḥ snātvā samāvṛtto yathāvidhi |udvaheta dvijo bhāryāṃ savarṇāṃ lakṣaṇānvitām

    He may subsist by Rtta. (truth), and Amrita.

  5. 3.5

    असपिण्डा च या मातुरसगोत्रा च या पितुः ।सा प्रशस्ता द्विजातीनां दारकर्मणि मैथुने

    asapiṇḍā ca yā māturasagotrā ca yā pituḥ |sā praśastā dvijātīnāṃ dārakarmaṇi maithune

    By 7?/ta shall be understood the gleaning of corn ; by Amrzta, what is given unasked ; by Mrzta, food obtained by begging ; and agriculture is declared to be Pramr/ta.

  6. 3.6

    महान्त्यपि समृद्धानि गोऽजाविधनधान्यतः ।स्त्रीसंबन्धे दशैतानि कुलानि परिवर्जयेत्

    mahāntyapi samṛddhāni go'jāvidhanadhānyataḥ |strīsaṃbandhe daśaitāni kulāni parivarjayet

    But trade and (money-lending) are Satyanr/ta, even by that one may subsist. Service is called Svavrztti ; therefore one should avoid it.

  7. 3.7

    हीनक्रियं निष्पुरुषं निश्छन्दो रोमशार्शसम् ।क्षयामयाव्यपस्मारि श्वित्रिकुष्ठिकुलानि च

    hīnakriyaṃ niṣpuruṣaṃ niśchando romaśārśasam |kṣayāmayāvyapasmāri śvitrikuṣṭhikulāni ca

    (Viz.) one which neglects the sacred rites, one in which no male children (are born), one in which the Veda is not studied, one (the members of) which have thick hair on the bodv, those which are sub-

  8. 3.8

    नोद्वहेत्कपिलां कन्यां नाधिकाङ्गीं न रोगिणीम् ।नालोमिकां नातिलोमां न वाचाटां न पिङ्गलाम्

    nodvahetkapilāṃ kanyāṃ nādhikāṅgīṃ na rogiṇīm |nālomikāṃ nātilomāṃ na vācāṭāṃ na piṅgalām

    Let him not marry a maiden (with) reddish (hair), nor one who has a redundant member, nor one who is sickly, nor one either with no hair (on the body) or too much, nor one who is garrulous or

  9. 3.9

    न ऋक्षवृक्ष​नदीनाम्नीं नान्त्यपर्वतनामिकाम् ।न पक्ष्यहिप्रेष्यनाम्नीं न च भीषननामिकाम्

    na ṛkṣavṛkṣa​nadīnāmnīṃ nāntyaparvatanāmikām |na pakṣyahipreṣyanāmnīṃ na ca bhīṣananāmikām

    Nor one named after a constellation, a tree, or a river, nor one bearing the name of a low caste, or of a mountain, nor one named after a bird, a traceable.' It is, however, very probable that gotra has a double mean-

  10. 3.10

    अव्यङ्गाङ्गीं सौम्यनाम्नीं हंसवारणगामिनीम् ।तनुलोमकेशदशनां मृद्वङ्गीं उद्वहेत्स्त्रियम्

    avyaṅgāṅgīṃ saumyanāmnīṃ haṃsavāraṇagāminīm |tanulomakeśadaśanāṃ mṛdvaṅgīṃ udvahetstriyam

    Let him wed a female free from bodily defects, who has an agreeable name, the (graceful) gait of a Hawsa or of an elephant, a moderate (quantity of) hair on the body and on the head, small teeth, and

  11. 3.11

    यस्यास्तु न भवेद्भ्राता न विज्ञायेत वा पिता ।नोपयच्छेत तां प्राज्ञः पुत्रिकाधर्मशङ्कया

    yasyāstu na bhavedbhrātā na vijñāyeta vā pitā |nopayaccheta tāṃ prājñaḥ putrikādharmaśaṅkayā

    Yign. I, 53. 'Lest he should commit sin,' i.e. marry a Sagotra or one sprung from an illicit union. The translation follows Kull.,Nar., Ragh., and 'others' mentioned by Medh. But Medh. himself takes the verse differently, ' A prudent man should not marry a (maiden) who

  12. 3.12

    सवर्णाग्रे द्विजातीनां प्रशस्ता दारकर्मणि ।कामतस्तु प्रवृत्तानां इमाः स्युः क्रमशोऽवराः

    savarṇāgre dvijātīnāṃ praśastā dārakarmaṇi |kāmatastu pravṛttānāṃ imāḥ syuḥ kramaśo'varāḥ

    For the first marriage of twice-born men (wives) of equal caste are recommended ; but for those who through desire proceed (to marry again) the following females, (chosen) according to the

  13. 3.13

    शूद्रैव भार्या शूद्रस्य सा च स्वा च विशः स्मृते ।ते च स्वा चैव राज्ञश्च ताश्च स्वा चाग्रजन्मनः

    śūdraiva bhāryā śūdrasya sā ca svā ca viśaḥ smṛte |te ca svā caiva rājñaśca tāśca svā cāgrajanmanaḥ

    It is declared that a .Sudra woman alone (can be) the wife of a .Sudra, she and one of his own caste (the wives) of a VaLyya, those two and one of his own caste (the wives) of a Kshatriya, those three

  14. 3.14

    न ब्राह्मणक्षत्रिययोरापद्यपि हि तिष्ठतोः ।कस्मिंश्चिदपि वृत्तान्ते शूद्रा भार्योपदिश्यते

    na brāhmaṇakṣatriyayorāpadyapi hi tiṣṭhatoḥ |kasmiṃścidapi vṛttānte śūdrā bhāryopadiśyate

    A .Sudra woman is not mentioned even in any (ancient) story as the (first) wife of a Brah- ma/za or of a Kshatriya, though they lived in the (greatest) distress.

  15. 3.15

    हीनजातिस्त्रियं मोहादुद्वहन्तो द्विजातयः ।कुलान्येव नयन्त्याशु ससन्तानानि शूद्रताम्

    hīnajātistriyaṃ mohādudvahanto dvijātayaḥ |kulānyeva nayantyāśu sasantānāni śūdratām

    Twice-born men who, in their folly, wed wives of the low (J9udra) caste, soon degrade their families and their children to the state of Madras.

  16. 3.16

    शूद्रावेदी पतत्यत्रेरुतथ्यतनयस्य च ।शौनकस्य सुतोत्पत्त्या तदपत्यतया भृगोः

    śūdrāvedī patatyatrerutathyatanayasya ca |śaunakasya sutotpattyā tadapatyatayā bhṛgoḥ

    According to Atri and to (Gautama) the son of Utathya, he who weds a ^udra woman becomes an outcast, according to .Saunaka on the birth of a son, and according to Bhrtgu he who has (male) offspring

  17. 3.17

    शूद्रां शयनं आरोप्य ब्राह्मणो यात्यधोगतिम् ।जनयित्वा सुतं तस्यां ब्राह्मण्यादेव हीयते

    śūdrāṃ śayanaṃ āropya brāhmaṇo yātyadhogatim |janayitvā sutaṃ tasyāṃ brāhmaṇyādeva hīyate

    A Brahma^a who takes a Sudra wife to his bed, will (after death) sink into hell ; if he begets a child by her, he will lose the rank of a Brahma^a.

  18. 3.18

    दैवपित्र्यातिथेयानि तत्प्रधानानि यस्य तु ।नाश्नन्ति पितृदेवास्तन्न च स्वर्गं स गच्छति

    daivapitryātitheyāni tatpradhānāni yasya tu |nāśnanti pitṛdevāstanna ca svargaṃ sa gacchati

    The manes and the gods will not eat the (offerings) of that man who performs the rites in

  19. 3.19

    वृषलीफेनपीतस्य निःश्वासोपहतस्य च ।तस्यां चैव प्रसूतस्य निष्कृतिर्न विधीयते

    vṛṣalīphenapītasya niḥśvāsopahatasya ca |tasyāṃ caiva prasūtasya niṣkṛtirna vidhīyate

    For him who drinks the moisture of a 6udra s lips, who is tainted by her breath, and who begets a son on her, no expiation is prescribed.

  20. 3.20

    चतुर्णां अपि वर्णानं प्रेत्य चेह हिताहितान् ।अष्टाविमान्समासेन स्त्रीविवाहान्निबोधत

    caturṇāṃ api varṇānaṃ pretya ceha hitāhitān |aṣṭāvimānsamāsena strīvivāhānnibodhata

    Now listen to (the) brief (description of) the following eight marriage-rites used by the four castes (var^a) which partly secure benefits and partly pro- duce evil both in this life and after death.

  21. 3.21

    ब्राह्मो दैवस्तथैवार्षः प्राजापत्यस्तथासुरः ।गान्धर्वो राक्षसश्चैव पैशाचश्चाष्टमोऽधमः

    brāhmo daivastathaivārṣaḥ prājāpatyastathāsuraḥ |gāndharvo rākṣasaścaiva paiśācaścāṣṭamo'dhamaḥ

    (They are) the rite of Brahman (Brahma), that of the gods (Daiva), that of the i^zshis (Arsha), that of Pra^apati (Pra^apatya), that of the Asuras (Asura), that of the Gandharvas (Gandharva), that

  22. 3.22

    यो यस्य धर्म्यो वर्णस्य गुणदोषौ च यस्य यौ ।तद्वः सर्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि प्रसवे च गुणागुणान्

    yo yasya dharmyo varṇasya guṇadoṣau ca yasya yau |tadvaḥ sarvaṃ pravakṣyāmi prasave ca guṇāguṇān

    Which is lawful for each caste (var^a) and which are the virtues or faults of each (rite), all this I will declare to you, as well as their good and evil results with respect to the offspring.

  23. 3.23

    षडानुपूर्व्या विप्रस्य क्षत्रस्य चतुरोऽवरान् ।विट्शूद्रयोस्तु तानेव विद्याद्धर्म्यानराक्षसान्

    ṣaḍānupūrvyā viprasya kṣatrasya caturo'varān |viṭśūdrayostu tāneva vidyāddharmyānarākṣasān

    One may know that the first six according to the order (followed above) are lawful for a Brah- ma^a, the four last for a Kshatriya, and the same four, excepting the Rakshasa rite, for a Vai^ya and

  24. 3.24

    चतुरो ब्राह्मणस्याद्यान्प्रशस्तान्कवयो विदुः ।राक्षसं क्षत्रियस्यैकं आसुरं वैश्यशूद्रयोः

    caturo brāhmaṇasyādyānpraśastānkavayo viduḥ |rākṣasaṃ kṣatriyasyaikaṃ āsuraṃ vaiśyaśūdrayoḥ

    The sages state that the first four are approved (in the case) of a Brahma/za, one, the Rakshasa (rite 21-34. Ap. II, 11, 17-21; Gaut. IV, 6-15; Vas. I, 17-35; Baudh. I, 20, 1-2 1, 23; Vi. XXIV, 18-28; Yagri. I, 58-61.

  25. 3.25

    पञ्चानां तु त्रयो धर्म्या द्वावधर्म्यौ स्मृताविह ।पैशाचश्चासुरश्चैव न कर्तव्यौ कदा चन

    pañcānāṃ tu trayo dharmyā dvāvadharmyau smṛtāviha |paiśācaścāsuraścaiva na kartavyau kadā cana

    But in these (Institutes of the sacred law) three of the five (last) are declared to be lawful and two unlawful ; the Pai^a^a and the Asura (rites) must never be used.

  26. 3.26

    पृथक्पृथग्वा मिश्रौ वा विवाहौ पूर्वचोदितौ ।गान्धर्वो राक्षसश्चैव धर्म्यौ क्षत्रस्य तौ स्मृतौ

    pṛthakpṛthagvā miśrau vā vivāhau pūrvacoditau |gāndharvo rākṣasaścaiva dharmyau kṣatrasya tau smṛtau

    For Kshatriyas those before-mentioned two rites, the Gandharva and the Rakshasa, whether separate or mixed, are permitted by the sacred tradition.

  27. 3.27

    आच्छाद्य चार्चयित्वा च श्रुतशीलवते स्वयम् ।आहूय दानं कन्याया ब्राह्मो धर्मः प्रकीर्तितः

    ācchādya cārcayitvā ca śrutaśīlavate svayam |āhūya dānaṃ kanyāyā brāhmo dharmaḥ prakīrtitaḥ

    The gift of a daughter, after decking her (with costly garments) and honouring (her by pre- sents of jewels), to a man learned in the Veda and of good conduct, whom (the father) himself invites,

  28. 3.28

    यज्ञे तु वितते सम्यगृत्विजे कर्म कुर्वते ।अलङ्कृत्य सुतादानं दैवं धर्मं प्रचक्षते

    yajñe tu vitate samyagṛtvije karma kurvate |alaṅkṛtya sutādānaṃ daivaṃ dharmaṃ pracakṣate

    The gift of a daughter who has been decked with ornaments, to a priest who duly officiates at a sacrifice, during the course of its performance, they call the Daiva rite.

  29. 3.29

    एकं गोमिथुनं द्वे वा वरादादाय धर्मतः ।कन्याप्रदानं विधिवदार्षो धर्मः स उच्यते

    ekaṃ gomithunaṃ dve vā varādādāya dharmataḥ |kanyāpradānaṃ vidhivadārṣo dharmaḥ sa ucyate

    When (the father) gives away his daughter according to the rule, after receiving from the bride- groom, for (the fulfilment of) the sacred law, a cow and a bull or two pairs, that is named the Arsha rite.

  30. 3.30

    सहोभौ चरतां धर्मं इति वाचानुभाष्य च ।कन्याप्रदानं अभ्यर्च्य प्राजापत्यो विधिः स्मृतः

    sahobhau caratāṃ dharmaṃ iti vācānubhāṣya ca |kanyāpradānaṃ abhyarcya prājāpatyo vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ

    The gift of a daughter (by her father) after

  31. 3.31

    ज्ञातिभ्यो द्रविणं दत्त्वा कन्यायै चैव शक्तितः ।कन्याप्रदानं स्वाच्छन्द्यादासुरो धर्म उच्यते

    jñātibhyo draviṇaṃ dattvā kanyāyai caiva śaktitaḥ |kanyāpradānaṃ svācchandyādāsuro dharma ucyate

    When (the bridegroom) receives a maiden, after having given as much wealth as he can afford, to the kinsmen and to the bride herself, according to his own will, that is called the Asura rite.

  32. 3.32

    इच्छयान्योन्यसंयोगः कन्यायाश्च वरस्य च ।गान्धर्वः स तु विज्ञेयो मैथुन्यः कामसंभवः

    icchayānyonyasaṃyogaḥ kanyāyāśca varasya ca |gāndharvaḥ sa tu vijñeyo maithunyaḥ kāmasaṃbhavaḥ

    The voluntary union of a maiden and her lover one must know (to be) the Gandharva rite, which springs from desire and has sexual intercourse for its purpose.

  33. 3.33

    हत्वा छित्त्वा च भित्त्वा च क्रोशन्तीं रुदन्तीं गृहात् ।प्रसह्य कन्याहरणं राक्षसो विधिरुच्यते

    hatvā chittvā ca bhittvā ca krośantīṃ rudantīṃ gṛhāt |prasahya kanyāharaṇaṃ rākṣaso vidhirucyate

  34. 3.34

    सुप्तां मत्तां प्रमत्तां वा रहो यत्रोपगच्छति ।स पापिष्ठो विवाहानां पैशाचश्चाष्टमोऽधमः

    suptāṃ mattāṃ pramattāṃ vā raho yatropagacchati |sa pāpiṣṭho vivāhānāṃ paiśācaścāṣṭamo'dhamaḥ

    When (a man) by stealth seduces a girl who is sleeping, intoxicated, or disordered in intellect, that is the eighth, the most base and sinful rite of the PL^as.

  35. 3.35

    अद्भिरेव द्विजाग्र्याणां कन्यादानं विशिष्यते ।इतरेषां तु वर्णानां इतरेतरकाम्यया

    adbhireva dvijāgryāṇāṃ kanyādānaṃ viśiṣyate |itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ itaretarakāmyayā

    The gift of daughters among Brahma^as is most approved, (if it is preceded) by (a libation of) water ; but in the case of other castes (it may be performed) by (the expression of) mutual consent.

  36. 3.36

    यो यस्यैषां विवाहानां मनुना कीर्तितो गुणः ।सर्वं शृणुत तं विप्राः सर्वं कीर्तयतो मम

    yo yasyaiṣāṃ vivāhānāṃ manunā kīrtito guṇaḥ |sarvaṃ śṛṇuta taṃ viprāḥ sarvaṃ kīrtayato mama

    Listen now to me, ye Brahma^as, while I fully declare what quality has been ascribed by Manu to each of these marriage-rites.

  37. 3.37

    दश पूर्वान्परान्वंश्यानात्मानं चैकविंशकम् ।ब्राह्मीपुत्रः सुकृतकृन्मोचयत्येनसः पितॄन्

    daśa pūrvānparānvaṃśyānātmānaṃ caikaviṃśakam |brāhmīputraḥ sukṛtakṛnmocayatyenasaḥ pitṝn

    The son of a wife wedded according to the Brahma rite, if he performs meritorious acts, libe- rates from sin ten ancestors, ten descendants and himself as the twenty-first.

  38. 3.38

    दैवोढाजः सुतश्चैव सप्त सप्त परावरान् ।आर्षोढाजः सुतस्त्रींस्त्रीन्षट्षट्कायोढजः सुतः

    daivoḍhājaḥ sutaścaiva sapta sapta parāvarān |ārṣoḍhājaḥ sutastrīṃstrīnṣaṭṣaṭkāyoḍhajaḥ sutaḥ

    The son born of a wife, wedded according to the Daiva rite, likewise (saves) seven ancestors and seven descendants, the son of a wife married by the Arsha rite three (in the ascending and descending

  39. 3.39

    ब्राह्मादिषु विवाहेषु चतुर्ष्वेवानुपूर्वशः ।ब्रह्मवर्चस्विनः पुत्रा जायन्ते शिष्टसम्मताः

    brāhmādiṣu vivāheṣu caturṣvevānupūrvaśaḥ |brahmavarcasvinaḥ putrā jāyante śiṣṭasammatāḥ

    From the four marriages, (enumerated) suc- cessively, which begin with the Brahma rite spring sons, radiant with knowledge of the Veda and honoured by the .Sish/as (good men).

  40. 3.40

    रूपसत्त्वगुणोपेता धनवन्तो यशस्विनः ।पर्याप्तभोगा धर्मिष्ठा जीवन्ति च शतं समाः

    rūpasattvaguṇopetā dhanavanto yaśasvinaḥ |paryāptabhogā dharmiṣṭhā jīvanti ca śataṃ samāḥ

    Endowed with the qualities of beauty and goodness, possessing wealth and fame, obtaining as

  41. 3.41

    इतरेषु तु शिष्टेषु नृशंसानृतवादिनः ।जायन्ते दुर्विवाहेषु ब्रह्मधर्मद्विषः सुताः

    itareṣu tu śiṣṭeṣu nṛśaṃsānṛtavādinaḥ |jāyante durvivāheṣu brahmadharmadviṣaḥ sutāḥ

    But from the remaining (four) blamable mar- riages spring sons who are cruel and speakers of untruth, who hate the Veda and the sacred law.

  42. 3.42

    अनिन्दितैः स्त्रीविवाहैरनिन्द्या भवति प्रजा ।निन्दितैर्निन्दिता नॄणां तस्मान्निन्द्यान्विवर्जयेत्

    aninditaiḥ strīvivāhairanindyā bhavati prajā |ninditairninditā nṝṇāṃ tasmānnindyānvivarjayet

    In the blameless marriages blameless chil- dren are born to men, in blamable (marriages) blamable (offspring) ; one should therefore avoid the blamable (forms of marriage).

  43. 3.43

    पाणिग्रहणसंस्कारः सवर्णासूपदिश्यते ।असवर्णास्वयं ज्ञेयो विधिरुद्वाहकर्मणि

    pāṇigrahaṇasaṃskāraḥ savarṇāsūpadiśyate |asavarṇāsvayaṃ jñeyo vidhirudvāhakarmaṇi

    The ceremony of joining the hands is pre- scribed for (marriages with) women of equal caste (var/za) ; know that the following rule (applies) to weddings with females of a different caste (var/za).

  44. 3.44

    शरः क्षत्रियया ग्राह्यः प्रतोदो वैश्यकन्यया ।वसनस्य दशा ग्राह्या शूद्रयोत्कृष्टवेदने

    śaraḥ kṣatriyayā grāhyaḥ pratodo vaiśyakanyayā |vasanasya daśā grāhyā śūdrayotkṛṣṭavedane

    On marrying a man of a higher caste a Kshatriya bride must take hold of an arrow, a Vai^ya bride of a goad, and a 6udra female of the hem of the (bridegroom's) garment.

  45. 3.45

    ऋतुकालाभिगामी स्यात्स्वदारनिरतः सदा ।पर्ववर्जं व्रजेच्चैनां तद्व्रतो रतिकाम्यया

    ṛtukālābhigāmī syātsvadāranirataḥ sadā |parvavarjaṃ vrajeccaināṃ tadvrato ratikāmyayā

    Let (the husband) approach his wife in due I season, being constantly satisfied with her (alone) ; he may also, being intent on pleasing her, approach her with a desire for conjugal union (on any day)

  46. 3.46

    ऋतुः स्वाभाविकः स्त्रीणां रात्रयः षोडश स्मृताः ।चतुर्भिरितरैः सार्धं अहोभिः सद्विगर्हितैः

    ṛtuḥ svābhāvikaḥ strīṇāṃ rātrayaḥ ṣoḍaśa smṛtāḥ |caturbhiritaraiḥ sārdhaṃ ahobhiḥ sadvigarhitaiḥ

    Sixteen (days and) nights (in each month),

  47. 3.47

    तासां आद्याश्चतस्रस्तु निन्दितैकादशी च या ।त्रयोदशी च शेषास्तु प्रशस्ता दशरात्रयः

    tāsāṃ ādyāścatasrastu ninditaikādaśī ca yā |trayodaśī ca śeṣāstu praśastā daśarātrayaḥ

    But among these the first four, the eleventh and the thirteenth are (declared to be) forbidden ; the remaining nights are recommended.

  48. 3.48

    युग्मासु पुत्रा जायन्ते स्त्रियोऽयुग्मासु रात्रिषु ।तस्माद्युग्मासु पुत्रार्थी संविशेदार्तवे स्त्रियम्

    yugmāsu putrā jāyante striyo'yugmāsu rātriṣu |tasmādyugmāsu putrārthī saṃviśedārtave striyam

    On the even nights sons are conceived and daughters on the uneven ones ; hence a man who desires to have sons should approach his wife in due season on the even (nights).

  49. 3.49

    पुमान्पुंसोऽधिके शुक्रे स्त्री भवत्यधिके स्त्रियाः ।समेऽपुमान्पुं स्त्रियौ वा क्षीणेऽल्पे च विपर्ययः

    pumānpuṃso'dhike śukre strī bhavatyadhike striyāḥ |same'pumānpuṃ striyau vā kṣīṇe'lpe ca viparyayaḥ

    A male child is produced by a greater quan- tity of male seed, a female child by the prevalence of the female ; if (both are) equal, a hermaphrodite or a boy and a girl ; if (both are) weak or deficient in

  50. 3.50

    निन्द्यास्वष्टासु चान्यासु स्त्रियो रात्रिषु वर्जयन् ।ब्रह्मचार्येव भवति यत्र तत्राश्रमे वसन्

    nindyāsvaṣṭāsu cānyāsu striyo rātriṣu varjayan |brahmacāryeva bhavati yatra tatrāśrame vasan

    He who avoids women on the^six forbidden nights and on eight others, is (equal in chastity to) a student, in whichever order he may live.

  51. 3.51

    न कन्यायाः पिता विद्वान्गृह्णीयाच्छुल्कं अण्वपि ।गृह्णञ् शुल्कं हि लोभेन स्यान्नरोऽपत्यविक्रयी

    na kanyāyāḥ pitā vidvāngṛhṇīyācchulkaṃ aṇvapi |gṛhṇañ śulkaṃ hi lobhena syānnaro'patyavikrayī

    No father who' knows (the law) must take even the smallest gratuity for his daughter ; for a man who, through avarice, takes a gratuity, is a seller of his offspring.

  52. 3.52

    स्त्रीधनानि तु ये मोहादुपजीवन्ति बान्धवाः ।नारी यानानि वस्त्रं वा ते पापा यान्त्यधोगतिम्

    strīdhanāni tu ye mohādupajīvanti bāndhavāḥ |nārī yānāni vastraṃ vā te pāpā yāntyadhogatim

    But those (male) relations who, in their folly, live on the separate property of women, (e. g. appro- priate) the beasts of burden, carriages, and clothes of women, commit sin and will sink into hell.

  53. 3.53

    आर्षे गोमिथुनं शुल्कं के चिदाहुर्मृषैव तत् ।अल्पोऽप्येवं महान्वापि विक्रयस्तावदेव सः

    ārṣe gomithunaṃ śulkaṃ ke cidāhurmṛṣaiva tat |alpo'pyevaṃ mahānvāpi vikrayastāvadeva saḥ

    Some call the cow and the bull (given) at an Arsha wedding 'a gratuity;' (but) that is wrong, since (the acceptance of) a fee, be it small or great, is a sale (of the daughter).

  54. 3.54

    यासां नाददते शुल्कं ज्ञातयो न स विक्रयः ।अर्हणं तत्कुमारीणां आनृशंस्यं च केवलम्

    yāsāṃ nādadate śulkaṃ jñātayo na sa vikrayaḥ |arhaṇaṃ tatkumārīṇāṃ ānṛśaṃsyaṃ ca kevalam

    When the relatives do not appropriate (for their use) the gratuity (given), it is not a sale ; (in that case) the (gift) is only a token of respect and of kindness towards the maidens.

  55. 3.55

    पितृभिर्भ्रातृभिश्चैताः पतिभिर्देवरैस्तथा ।पूज्या भूषयितव्याश्च बहुकल्याणं ईप्सुभिः

    pitṛbhirbhrātṛbhiścaitāḥ patibhirdevaraistathā |pūjyā bhūṣayitavyāśca bahukalyāṇaṃ īpsubhiḥ

    Women must be honoured and adorned by their fathers, brothers, husbands, and brothers-in-law, who desire (their own) welfare.

  56. 3.56

    यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमन्ते तत्र देवताः ।यत्रैतास्तु न पूज्यन्ते सर्वास्तत्राफलाः क्रियाः

    yatra nāryastu pūjyante ramante tatra devatāḥ |yatraitāstu na pūjyante sarvāstatrāphalāḥ kriyāḥ

    Where women are honoured, there the gods are pleased ; but where they are not honoured, no sacred rite yields rewards.

  57. 3.57

    शोचन्ति जामयो यत्र विनश्यत्याशु तत्कुलम् ।न शोचन्ति तु यत्रैता वर्धते तद्धि सर्वदा

    śocanti jāmayo yatra vinaśyatyāśu tatkulam |na śocanti tu yatraitā vardhate taddhi sarvadā

    Where the female relations live in grief, the family soon wholly perishes ; but that family where they are not unhappy ever prospers.

  58. 3.58

    जामयो यानि गेहानि शपन्त्यप्रतिपूजिताः ।तानि कृत्याहतानीव विनश्यन्ति समन्ततः

    jāmayo yāni gehāni śapantyapratipūjitāḥ |tāni kṛtyāhatānīva vinaśyanti samantataḥ

    The houses on which female relations, not I being duly honoured, pronounce a curse, perish j completely, as if destroyed by magic.

  59. 3.59

    तस्मादेताः सदा पूज्या भूषणाच्छादनाशनैः ।भूतिकामैर्नरैर्नित्यं सत्करेषूत्सवेषु च

    tasmādetāḥ sadā pūjyā bhūṣaṇācchādanāśanaiḥ |bhūtikāmairnarairnityaṃ satkareṣūtsaveṣu ca

    Hence men who seek (their own) welfare, should always honour women on holidays and festivals with \ (gifts of) ornaments, clothes, and (dainty) food. _J verse, which Nar. and Nand. consider the only admissible one :

  60. 3.60

    संतुष्टो भार्यया भर्ता भर्त्रा भार्या तथैव च ।यस्मिन्नेव कुले नित्यं कल्याणं तत्र वै ध्रुवम्

    saṃtuṣṭo bhāryayā bhartā bhartrā bhāryā tathaiva ca |yasminneva kule nityaṃ kalyāṇaṃ tatra vai dhruvam

    In that family, where the husband is pleased with his wife and the wife with her husband, happi- ness will assuredly te lasting.

  61. 3.61

    यदि हि स्त्री न रोचेत पुमांसं न प्रमोदयेत् ।अप्रमोदात्पुनः पुंसः प्रजनं न प्रवर्तते

    yadi hi strī na roceta pumāṃsaṃ na pramodayet |apramodātpunaḥ puṃsaḥ prajanaṃ na pravartate

    For if the wife is not radiant with beauty, she will not attract her husband ; but if she has no attractions for him, no children will be born.

  62. 3.62

    स्त्रियां तु रोचमानायां सर्वं तद्रोचते कुलम् ।तस्यां त्वरोचमानायां सर्वं एव न रोचते

    striyāṃ tu rocamānāyāṃ sarvaṃ tadrocate kulam |tasyāṃ tvarocamānāyāṃ sarvaṃ eva na rocate

    If the wife is radiant with beauty, the whole house is bright ; but if she is destitute of beauty, all will appear dismal.

  63. 3.63

    कुविवाहैः क्रियालोपैर्वेदानध्ययनेन च ।कुलान्यकुलतां यान्ति ब्राह्मणातिक्रमेण च

    kuvivāhaiḥ kriyālopairvedānadhyayanena ca |kulānyakulatāṃ yānti brāhmaṇātikrameṇa ca

    By low marriages, by omitting (the per- formance of) sacred rites, by neglecting the study of the Veda, and by irreverence towards Brahma/zas, (great) families sink low.

  64. 3.64

    शिल्पेन व्यवहारेण शूद्रापत्यैश्च केवलैः ।गोभिरश्वैश्च यानैश्च कृष्या राजोपसेवया

    śilpena vyavahāreṇa śūdrāpatyaiśca kevalaiḥ |gobhiraśvaiśca yānaiśca kṛṣyā rājopasevayā

    By (practising) handicrafts, by pecuniary trans- actions, by (begetting) children on .Sudra females only, by (trading in) cows, horses, and carriages, by (the pursuit of) agriculture and by taking service

  65. 3.65

    अयाज्ययाजनैश्चैव नास्तिक्येन च कर्मणाम् ।कुलान्याशु विनश्यन्ति यानि हीनानि मन्त्रतः

    ayājyayājanaiścaiva nāstikyena ca karmaṇām |kulānyāśu vinaśyanti yāni hīnāni mantrataḥ

    By sacrificing for men unworthy to offer sacri- fices and by denying (the future rewards for good) works, families, deficient in the (knowledge of the) Veda, quickly perish.

  66. 3.66

    मन्त्रतस्तु समृद्धानि कुलान्यल्पधनान्यपि ।कुलसंख्यां च गच्छन्ति कर्षन्ति च महद्यशः

    mantratastu samṛddhāni kulānyalpadhanānyapi |kulasaṃkhyāṃ ca gacchanti karṣanti ca mahadyaśaḥ

    But families that are rich in the knowledge of the Veda, though possessing little wealth, are numbered among the great, and acquire great fame.

  67. 3.67

    वैवाहिकेऽग्नौ कुर्वीत गृह्यं कर्म यथाविधि ।पञ्चयज्ञविधानं च पक्तिं चान्वाहिकीं गृही

    vaivāhike'gnau kurvīta gṛhyaṃ karma yathāvidhi |pañcayajñavidhānaṃ ca paktiṃ cānvāhikīṃ gṛhī

    With the sacred fire, kindled at the wedding, a householder shall perform according to the law the domestic ceremonies and the five (great) sacri- fices, and (with that) he shall daily cook his food.

  68. 3.68

    पञ्च सूना गृहस्थस्य चुल्ली पेषण्युपस्करः ।कण्डनी चोदकुम्भश्च बध्यते यास्तु वाहयन्

    pañca sūnā gṛhasthasya cullī peṣaṇyupaskaraḥ |kaṇḍanī codakumbhaśca badhyate yāstu vāhayan

    A householder has five slaughter-houses (as it were, viz.) the hearth, the grinding-stone, the broom, the pestle and mortar, the water-vessel, by using which he is bound (with the fetters of

  69. 3.69

    तासां क्रमेण सर्वासां निष्कृत्यर्थं महर्षिभिः ।पञ्च क्ल्प्ता महायज्ञाः प्रत्यहं गृहमेधिनाम्

    tāsāṃ krameṇa sarvāsāṃ niṣkṛtyarthaṃ maharṣibhiḥ |pañca klptā mahāyajñāḥ pratyahaṃ gṛhamedhinām

    In order to successively expiate (the offences ! committed by means) of all these (five) the great sages have prescribed for householders the daily (performance of the five) great sacrifices.

  70. 3.70

    अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् ।होमो दैवो बलिर्भौतो नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम्

    adhyāpanaṃ brahmayajñaḥ pitṛyajñastu tarpaṇam |homo daivo balirbhauto nṛyajño'tithipūjanam

    Teaching (and studying) is the sacrifice (offered) to Brahman, the (offerings of water and food called) Tarpa/za the sacrifice to the manes, the burnt oblation the sacrifice offered to the gods, the

  71. 3.71

    पञ्चैतान्यो महाअयज्ञान्न हापयति शक्तितः ।स गृहेऽपि वसन्नित्यं सूनादोषैर्न लिप्यते

    pañcaitānyo mahāayajñānna hāpayati śaktitaḥ |sa gṛhe'pi vasannityaṃ sūnādoṣairna lipyate

    He who neglects not these five great sacri- fices, while he is able (to perform them), is not tainted by the sins (committed) in the five places of slaughter, though he constantly lives in the (order

  72. 3.72

    देवतातिथिभृत्यानां पितॄणां आत्मनश्च यः ।न निर्वपति पञ्चानां उच्छ्वसन्न स जीवति

    devatātithibhṛtyānāṃ pitṝṇāṃ ātmanaśca yaḥ |na nirvapati pañcānāṃ ucchvasanna sa jīvati

    But he who does not feed these five, the gods, his guests, those whom he is bound to main- tain, the manes, and himself, lives not, though he breathes.

  73. 3.73

    अहुतं च हुतं चैव तथा प्रहुतं एव च ।ब्राह्म्यं हुतं प्राशितं च पञ्चयज्ञान्प्रचक्षते

    ahutaṃ ca hutaṃ caiva tathā prahutaṃ eva ca |brāhmyaṃ hutaṃ prāśitaṃ ca pañcayajñānpracakṣate

    Medh. remarks that these technical terms must belong to some particular Sakha of the Veda. Two of them occur in the beginning of Baudhayana's Grz'hya-sutra, Sacred Books of the East, vol. xiv, p. xxxi, and four in Paraskara's Grz'hya-sutra I, 4, 1, as well as in

  74. 3.74

    जपोऽहुतो हुतो होमः प्रहुतो भौतिको बलिः ।ब्राह्म्यं हुतं द्विजाग्र्यार्चा प्राशितं पितृतर्पणम्

    japo'huto huto homaḥ prahuto bhautiko baliḥ |brāhmyaṃ hutaṃ dvijāgryārcā prāśitaṃ pitṛtarpaṇam

    Ahuta (not offered in the fire) is the muttering (of Vedic texts), Huta the burnt oblation (offered to the gods), Prahuta (offered by scattering it on the ground) the Bali offering given to the Bhutas,

  75. 3.75

    स्वाध्याये नित्ययुक्तः स्याद्दैवे चैवेह कर्मणि ।दैवकर्मणि युक्तो हि बिभर्तीदं चराचरम्

    svādhyāye nityayuktaḥ syāddaive caiveha karmaṇi |daivakarmaṇi yukto hi bibhartīdaṃ carācaram

    Let (every man) in this (second order, at least) daily apply himself to the private recitation of the Veda, and also to the performance of the offering to the gods ; for he who is diligent in the performance

  76. 3.76

    अग्नौ प्रास्ताहुतिः सम्यगादित्यं उपतिष्ठते ।आदित्याज्जायते वृष्टिर्वृष्टेरन्नं ततः प्रजाः

    agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyagādityaṃ upatiṣṭhate |ādityājjāyate vṛṣṭirvṛṣṭerannaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ

    Vas. XI, 13. 77-78. Vas. VIII, 14-16; Vi. LIX, 27-28.

  77. 3.77

    यथा वायुं समाश्रित्य वर्तन्ते सर्वजन्तवः ।तथा गृहस्थं आश्रित्य वर्तन्ते सर्व आश्रमाः

    yathā vāyuṃ samāśritya vartante sarvajantavaḥ |tathā gṛhasthaṃ āśritya vartante sarva āśramāḥ

  78. 3.78

    यस्मात्त्रयोऽप्याश्रमिणो ज्ञानेनान्नेन चान्वहम् ।गृहस्थेनैव धार्यन्ते तस्माज्ज्येष्ठाश्रमो गृही

    yasmāttrayo'pyāśramiṇo jñānenānnena cānvaham |gṛhasthenaiva dhāryante tasmājjyeṣṭhāśramo gṛhī

    Medh. points out that this verse indicates that householders alone are, as a rule, to be the teachers of the Veda, not hermits or ascetics. He adds, however, that the Institutes of the Bhikshus prescribe that men of the latter two orders, too, shall teach. Simi-

  79. 3.79

    स संधार्यः प्रयत्नेन स्वर्गं अक्षयं इच्छता ।सुखं चेहेच्छतात्यन्तं योऽधार्यो दुर्बलेन्द्रियैः

    sa saṃdhāryaḥ prayatnena svargaṃ akṣayaṃ icchatā |sukhaṃ cehecchatātyantaṃ yo'dhāryo durbalendriyaiḥ

    (The duties of) this order, which cannot be practised by men with weak organs, must be carefully observed by him who desires imperishable (bliss in) heaven, and constant happiness in this (life).

  80. 3.80

    ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा ।आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता

    ṛṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā |āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṃ vijānatā

    The sages, the manes, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts) ; hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each).

  81. 3.81

    स्वाध्यायेनार्चयेत र्षीन्होमैर्देवान्यथाविधि ।पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च नॄनन्नैर्भूतानि बलिकर्मणा

    svādhyāyenārcayeta rṣīnhomairdevānyathāvidhi |pitṝñ śrāddhaiśca nṝnannairbhūtāni balikarmaṇā

    Let him worship, according to the rule, the sages by the private recitation of the Veda, the gods by burnt oblations, the manes by funeral offerings

  82. 3.82

    कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा ।पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिं आवहन्

    kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṃ annādyenodakena vā |payomūlaphalairvāpi pitṛbhyaḥ prītiṃ āvahan

    Let him daily perform a funeral sacrifice with food, or with water, or also with milk, roots, and fruits, and (thus) please the manes.

  83. 3.83

    एकं अप्याशयेद्विप्रं पित्रर्थे पाञ्चयज्ञिके ।न चैवात्राशयेत्किं चिद्वैश्वदेवं प्रति द्विजम्

    ekaṃ apyāśayedvipraṃ pitrarthe pāñcayajñike |na caivātrāśayetkiṃ cidvaiśvadevaṃ prati dvijam

    Let him feed even one Brahma^a in honour of the manes at (the 6raddha), which belongs to the five great sacrifices; but let him not feed on that (occasion) any Brahma^a on account of the Vaisva-

  84. 3.84

    वैश्वदेवस्य सिद्धस्य गृह्येऽग्नौ विधिपूर्वकम् ।आभ्यः कुर्याद्देवताभ्यो ब्राह्मणो होमं अन्वहम्

    vaiśvadevasya siddhasya gṛhye'gnau vidhipūrvakam |ābhyaḥ kuryāddevatābhyo brāhmaṇo homaṃ anvaham

    A Brahma/za shall offer according to the rule (of his Grzhya-sutra a portion) of the cooked food destined for the Vaisvadeva in the sacred domestic fire to the following deities :

  85. 3.85

    अग्नेः सोमस्य चैवादौ तयोश्चैव समस्तयोः ।विश्वेभ्यश्चैव देवेभ्यो धन्वन्तरय एव च

    agneḥ somasya caivādau tayoścaiva samastayoḥ |viśvebhyaścaiva devebhyo dhanvantaraya eva ca

    First to Agni, and (next) to Soma, then to both these gods conjointly, further to all the gods (Visve Deva^), and (then) to Dhanvantari,

  86. 3.86

    कुह्वै चैवानुमत्यै च प्रजापतय एव च ।सह द्यावापृथिव्योश्च तथा स्विष्टकृतेऽन्ततः

    kuhvai caivānumatyai ca prajāpataya eva ca |saha dyāvāpṛthivyośca tathā sviṣṭakṛte'ntataḥ

    Further to Kuhu (the goddess of the new- moon day), to Anumati (the goddess of the full-moon day), to Pra^apati (the lord of creatures), to heaven and earth conjointly, and finally to Agni Svish^akrzt

  87. 3.87

    एवं सम्यग्घविर्हुत्वा सर्वदिक्षु प्रदक्षिणम् ।इन्द्रान्तकाप्पतीन्दुभ्यः सानुगेभ्यो बलिं हरेत्

    evaṃ samyagghavirhutvā sarvadikṣu pradakṣiṇam |indrāntakāppatīndubhyaḥ sānugebhyo baliṃ haret

    After having thus duly offered the sacrificial food, let him throw Bali offerings in all directions of the compass, proceeding (from the east) to the south, to Indra, Yama, Varu^a, and Soma, as well

  88. 3.88

    मरुद्भ्य इति तु द्वारि क्षिपेदप्स्वद्भ्य इत्यपि ।वनस्पतिभ्य इत्येवं मुसलोलूखले हरेत्

    marudbhya iti tu dvāri kṣipedapsvadbhya ityapi |vanaspatibhya ityevaṃ musalolūkhale haret

    Saying, ' (Adoration) to the Maruts,' he shall scatter (some food) near the door, and (some) in water, saying, ( (Adoration to the waters ; ' he shall throw (some) on the pestle and the mortar,

  89. 3.89

    उच्छीर्षके श्रियै कुर्याद्भद्रकाल्यै च पादतः ।ब्रह्मवास्तोष्पतिभ्यां तु वास्तुमध्ये बलिं हरेत्

    ucchīrṣake śriyai kuryādbhadrakālyai ca pādataḥ |brahmavāstoṣpatibhyāṃ tu vāstumadhye baliṃ haret

    Near the head (of the bed) he shall make an offering to Sri (fortune), and near the foot (of his bed) to Bhadrakali ; in the centre of the house let him place a Bali for Brahman and for Vastoshpati

  90. 3.90

    विश्वेभ्यश्चैव देवेभ्यो बलिं आकाश उत्क्षिपेत् ।दिवाचरेभ्यो भूतेभ्यो नक्तंचारिभ्य एव च

    viśvebhyaścaiva devebhyo baliṃ ākāśa utkṣipet |divācarebhyo bhūtebhyo naktaṃcāribhya eva ca

    Let him throw up into the air a Bali for all the gods, and (in the day-time one) for the goblins roaming about by day, (and in the evening one) for the goblins that walk at night.

  91. 3.91

    पृष्ठवास्तुनि कुर्वीत बलिं सर्वात्मभूतये ।पितृभ्यो बलिशेषं तु सर्वं दक्षिणतो हरेत्

    pṛṣṭhavāstuni kurvīta baliṃ sarvātmabhūtaye |pitṛbhyo baliśeṣaṃ tu sarvaṃ dakṣiṇato haret

    In the upper story let him offer a Bali to Sarvatmabhuti ; but let him throw what remains (from these offerings) in a southerly direction for the manes.

  92. 3.92

    शूनां च पतितानां च श्वपचां पापरोगिणाम् ।वयसानां कृमीणां च शनकैर्निर्वपेद्भुवि

    śūnāṃ ca patitānāṃ ca śvapacāṃ pāparogiṇām |vayasānāṃ kṛmīṇāṃ ca śanakairnirvapedbhuvi

    Let him gently place on the ground (some food) for dogs, outcasts, Aa^alas (^vapa^), those afflicted with diseases that are punishments of former sins, crows, and insects.

  93. 3.93

    एवं यः सर्वभूतानि ब्राह्मणो नित्यं अर्चति ।स गच्छति परं स्थानं तेजोमूर्तिः पथा र्जुना

    evaṃ yaḥ sarvabhūtāni brāhmaṇo nityaṃ arcati |sa gacchati paraṃ sthānaṃ tejomūrtiḥ pathā rjunā

    That Brahma^a who thus daily honours all beings, goes, endowed with a resplendent body, by a straight road to the highest dwelling-place (i. e. Brahman).

  94. 3.94

    कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् ।भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे

    kṛtvaitadbalikarmaivaṃ atithiṃ pūrvaṃ āśayet |bhikṣāṃ ca bhikṣave dadyādvidhivadbrahmacāriṇe

    Having performed this Bali offering, he shall first feed his guest and, according to the rule, give alms to an ascetic (and) to a student.

  95. 3.95

    यत्पुण्यफलं आप्नोति गां दत्त्वा विधिवद्गुरोः ।तत्पुण्यफलं आप्नोति भिक्षां दत्त्वा द्विजो गृही

    yatpuṇyaphalaṃ āpnoti gāṃ dattvā vidhivadguroḥ |tatpuṇyaphalaṃ āpnoti bhikṣāṃ dattvā dvijo gṛhī

    A twice-born householder gains, by giving alms, the same reward for his meritorious act which (a student) obtains for presenting, in accordance with ' the rule, a cow to his teacher.

  96. 3.96

    भिक्षां अप्युदपात्रं वा सत्कृत्य विधिपूर्वकम् ।वेदतत्त्वार्थविदुषे ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत्

    bhikṣāṃ apyudapātraṃ vā satkṛtya vidhipūrvakam |vedatattvārthaviduṣe brāhmaṇāyopapādayet

    Let him give, in accordance with the rule, to a Brahma/za who knows the true meaning of the Veda, even (a small portion of food as) alms, or a pot full of water, having garnished (the food with

  97. 3.97

    नश्यन्ति हव्यकव्यानि नराणां अविजानताम् ।भस्मीभूतेषु विप्रेषु मोहाद्दत्तानि दातृभिः

    naśyanti havyakavyāni narāṇāṃ avijānatām |bhasmībhūteṣu vipreṣu mohāddattāni dātṛbhiḥ

    The oblations to gods and manes, made by men ignorant (of the law of gifts), are lost, if the givers in their folly present (shares of them) to Brahma^as who are mere ashes.

  98. 3.98

    विद्यातपःसमृद्धेषु हुतं विप्रमुखाग्निषु ।निस्तारयति दुर्गाच्च महतश्चैव किल्बिषात्

    vidyātapaḥsamṛddheṣu hutaṃ vipramukhāgniṣu |nistārayati durgācca mahataścaiva kilbiṣāt

    An offering made in the mouth-fire of Brah- ma^as rich in sacred learning and austerities, saves from misfortune and from great guilt.

  99. 3.99

    संप्राप्ताय त्वतिथये प्रदद्यादासनोदके ।अन्नं चैव यथाशक्ति सत्कृत्य विधिपूर्वकम्

    saṃprāptāya tvatithaye pradadyādāsanodake |annaṃ caiva yathāśakti satkṛtya vidhipūrvakam

    But let him offer, in accordance with the rule, to a guest who has come (of his own accord) a seat and water, as well as food, garnished (with seasoning), according to his ability. ^

  100. 3.100

    शिलानप्युञ्छतो नित्यं पञ्चाग्नीनपि जुह्वतः ।सर्वं सुकृतं आदत्ते ब्राह्मणोऽनर्चितो वसन्

    śilānapyuñchato nityaṃ pañcāgnīnapi juhvataḥ |sarvaṃ sukṛtaṃ ādatte brāhmaṇo'narcito vasan

    A Brahma^a who stays unhonoured (in the house), takes away (with him) all the spiritual merit even of a man who subsists by gleaning ears of corn, or offers oblations in five fires.

  101. 3.101

    तृणानि भूमिरुदकं वाक्चतुर्थी च सूनृता ।एतान्यपि सतां गेहे नोच्छिद्यन्ते कदा चन

    tṛṇāni bhūmirudakaṃ vākcaturthī ca sūnṛtā |etānyapi satāṃ gehe nocchidyante kadā cana

  102. 3.102

    एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः ।अनित्यं हि स्थितो यस्मात्तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते

    ekarātraṃ tu nivasannatithirbrāhmaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ |anityaṃ hi sthito yasmāttasmādatithirucyate

    But a Brahma/za who stays one night only is declared to be a guest (atithi) ; for because he stays (sthita) not long (anityam), he is called atithi (a guest).

  103. 3.103

    नैकग्रामीणं अतिथिं विप्रं साङ्गतिकं तथा ।उपस्थितं गृहे विद्याद्भार्या यत्राग्नयोऽपि वा

    naikagrāmīṇaṃ atithiṃ vipraṃ sāṅgatikaṃ tathā |upasthitaṃ gṛhe vidyādbhāryā yatrāgnayo'pi vā

    One must not consider as a guest a Brah- mao who dwells in the same village, nor one who I seeks his livelihood by social intercourse, even though he has come to a house where (there is) a wife, and

  104. 3.104

    उपासते ये गृहस्थाः परपाकं अबुद्धयः ।तेन ते प्रेत्य पशुतां व्रजन्त्यन्नादिदायिनः

    upāsate ye gṛhasthāḥ parapākaṃ abuddhayaḥ |tena te pretya paśutāṃ vrajantyannādidāyinaḥ

    Those foolish householders who constantly seek (to live on) the food of others, become, in con- sequence of that (baseness), after death the cattle of those who give them food.

  105. 3.105

    अप्रणोद्योऽतिथिः सायं सूर्योढो गृहमेधिना ।काले प्राप्तस्त्वकाले वा नास्यानश्नन्गृहे वसेत्

    apraṇodyo'tithiḥ sāyaṃ sūryoḍho gṛhamedhinā |kāle prāptastvakāle vā nāsyānaśnangṛhe vaset

    A guest who is sent by the (setting) sun in the evening, must not be driven away by a house- holder; whether he have come at (supper-)time or at an inopportune moment, he must not stay in the

  106. 3.106

    न वै स्वयं तदश्नीयादतिथिं यन्न भोजयेत् ।धन्यं यशस्यं आयुष्यं स्वर्ग्यं वातिथिपूजनम्

    na vai svayaṃ tadaśnīyādatithiṃ yanna bhojayet |dhanyaṃ yaśasyaṃ āyuṣyaṃ svargyaṃ vātithipūjanam

    Let him not eat any (dainty) food which he does not offer to his guest ; the hospitable recep- tion of guests procures wealth, fame, long life, and heavenly bliss.

  107. 3.107

    आसनावसथौ शय्यां अनुव्रज्यां उपासनाम् ।उत्तमेषूत्तमं कुर्याद्धीने हीनं समे समम्

    āsanāvasathau śayyāṃ anuvrajyāṃ upāsanām |uttameṣūttamaṃ kuryāddhīne hīnaṃ same samam

    Let him offer (to his guests) seats, rooms,

  108. 3.108

    वैश्वदेवे तु निर्वृत्ते यद्यन्योऽतिथिराव्रजेत् ।तस्याप्यन्नं यथाशक्ति प्रदद्यान्न बलिं हरेत्

    vaiśvadeve tu nirvṛtte yadyanyo'tithirāvrajet |tasyāpyannaṃ yathāśakti pradadyānna baliṃ haret

    But if another guest comes after the Vabva- deva offering has been finished, (the householder) must give him food according to his ability, (but) not repeat the Bali offering.

  109. 3.109

    न भोजनार्थं स्वे विप्रः कुलगोत्रे निवेदयेत् ।भोजनार्थं हि ते शंसन्वान्ताशीत्युच्यते बुधैः

    na bhojanārthaṃ sve vipraḥ kulagotre nivedayet |bhojanārthaṃ hi te śaṃsanvāntāśītyucyate budhaiḥ

    A Brahma^a shall not name his family and (Vedic) gotra in order to obtain a meal ; for he who boasts of them for the sake of a meal, is called by the wise a foul feeder (vantaUin).

  110. 3.110

    न ब्राह्मणस्य त्वतिथिर्गृहे राजन्य उच्यते ।वैश्यशूद्रौ सखा चैव ज्ञातयो गुरुरेव च

    na brāhmaṇasya tvatithirgṛhe rājanya ucyate |vaiśyaśūdrau sakhā caiva jñātayo gurureva ca

  111. 3.111

    यदि त्वतिथिधर्मेण क्षत्रियो गृहं आव्रजेत् ।भुक्तवत्सु च विप्रेषु कामं तं अपि भोजयेत्

    yadi tvatithidharmeṇa kṣatriyo gṛhaṃ āvrajet |bhuktavatsu ca vipreṣu kāmaṃ taṃ api bhojayet

  112. 3.112

    वैश्यशूद्रावपि प्राप्तौ कुटुम्बेऽतिथिधर्मिणौ ।भोजयेत्सह भृत्यैस्तावानृशंस्यं प्रयोजयन्

    vaiśyaśūdrāvapi prāptau kuṭumbe'tithidharmiṇau |bhojayetsaha bhṛtyaistāvānṛśaṃsyaṃ prayojayan

    Even a VaLsya and a 6udra who have ap- proached his house in the manner of guests, he may I allow to eat with his servants, showing (thereby) his / compassionate disposition.

  113. 3.113

    इतरानपि सख्यादीन्सम्प्रीत्या गृहं आगतान् ।प्रकृत्यान्नं यथाशक्ति भोजयेत्सह भार्यया

    itarānapi sakhyādīnsamprītyā gṛhaṃ āgatān |prakṛtyānnaṃ yathāśakti bhojayetsaha bhāryayā

    Even to others, personal friends and so forth, who have come to his house out of affection, he may come at the same time.' Upasanam, ' honour (while they stay)/ i. e. ' sitting with them and talking to them ' (Medh.).

  114. 3.114

    सुवासिनीः कुमारीश्च रोगिणो गर्भिणीः स्त्रियः ।अतिथिभ्योऽग्र एवैतान्भोजयेदविचारयन्

    suvāsinīḥ kumārīśca rogiṇo garbhiṇīḥ striyaḥ |atithibhyo'gra evaitānbhojayedavicārayan

    Without hesitation he may give food, even before his guests, to the following persons, (viz.) to newly-married women, to infants, to the sick, and to pregnant women.

  115. 3.115

    अदत्त्वा तु य एतेभ्यः पूर्वं भुङ्क्तेऽविचक्षणः ।स भुञ्जानो न जानाति श्वगृध्रैर्जग्धिं आत्मनः

    adattvā tu ya etebhyaḥ pūrvaṃ bhuṅkte'vicakṣaṇaḥ |sa bhuñjāno na jānāti śvagṛdhrairjagdhiṃ ātmanaḥ

    But the foolish man who eats first without having given food to these (persons) does, while he crams, not know that (after death) he himself will be devoured by dogs and vultures.

  116. 3.116

    भुक्तवत्स्वथ विप्रेषु स्वेषु भृत्येषु चैव हि ।भुञ्जीयातां ततः पश्चादवशिष्टं तु दम्पती

    bhuktavatsvatha vipreṣu sveṣu bhṛtyeṣu caiva hi |bhuñjīyātāṃ tataḥ paścādavaśiṣṭaṃ tu dampatī

  117. 3.117

    देवानृषीन्मनुष्यांश्च पितॄन्गृह्याश्च देवताः ।पूजयित्वा ततः पश्चाद्गृहस्थः शेषभुग्भवेत्

    devānṛṣīnmanuṣyāṃśca pitṝngṛhyāśca devatāḥ |pūjayitvā tataḥ paścādgṛhasthaḥ śeṣabhugbhavet

    Having honoured the gods, the sages, men, the manes, and the guardian deities of the house, the householder shall eat afterwards what remains.

  118. 3.118

    अघं स केवलं भुङ्क्ते यः पचत्यात्मकारणात् ।यज्ञशिष्टाशनं ह्येतत्सतां अन्नं विधीयते

    aghaṃ sa kevalaṃ bhuṅkte yaḥ pacatyātmakāraṇāt |yajñaśiṣṭāśanaṃ hyetatsatāṃ annaṃ vidhīyate

    He who prepares food for himself (alone), eats nothing but sin ; for it is ordained that the food which remains after (the performance of) the sacrifices shall be the meal of virtuous men.

  119. 3.119

    राजर्त्विक्स्नातकगुरून्प्रियश्वशुरमातुलान् ।अर्हयेन्मधुपर्केण परिसंवत्सरात्पुनः

    rājartviksnātakagurūnpriyaśvaśuramātulān |arhayenmadhuparkeṇa parisaṃvatsarātpunaḥ

    Let him honour with the honey-mixture a king, an officiating priest, a Snataka, the teacher, a son-in-law, a father-in-law, and a maternal uncle, (if they come) again after a full year (has elapsed

  120. 3.120

    राजा च श्रोत्रियश्चैव यज्ञकर्मण्युपस्थितौ ।मधुपर्केण संपूज्यौ न त्वयज्ञ इति स्थितिः

    rājā ca śrotriyaścaiva yajñakarmaṇyupasthitau |madhuparkeṇa saṃpūjyau na tvayajña iti sthitiḥ

    A king and a vSrotriya, who come on the performance of a sacrifice, must be honoured with the honey-mixture, but not if no sacrifice is being performed ; that is a settled rule.

  121. 3.121

    सायं त्वन्नस्य सिद्धस्य पत्न्यमन्त्रं बलिं हरेत् ।वैश्वदेवं हि नामैतत्सायं प्रातर्विधीयते

    sāyaṃ tvannasya siddhasya patnyamantraṃ baliṃ haret |vaiśvadevaṃ hi nāmaitatsāyaṃ prātarvidhīyate

    But the wife shall offer in the evening (a portion) of the dressed food as a Bali-oblation, with- out (the recitation of) sacred formulas ; for that (rite which is called the) Vaisvadeva is prescribed both

  122. 3.122

    पितृयज्ञं तु निर्वर्त्य विप्रश्चन्द्रक्षयेऽग्निमान् ।पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं कुर्यान्मासानुमासिकम्

    pitṛyajñaṃ tu nirvartya vipraścandrakṣaye'gnimān |piṇḍānvāhāryakaṃ śrāddhaṃ kuryānmāsānumāsikam

    After performing the Pitrzya^a, a Brahma^a who keeps a sacred fire shall offer, month by month, on the new-moon day, the funeral sacrifice (.5raddha, called) Pi^anvaharyaka.

  123. 3.123

    पितॄणां मासिकं श्राद्धं अन्वाहार्यं विदुर्बुधाः ।तच्चामिषेणा कर्तव्यं प्रशस्तेन प्रयत्नतः

    pitṝṇāṃ māsikaṃ śrāddhaṃ anvāhāryaṃ vidurbudhāḥ |taccāmiṣeṇā kartavyaṃ praśastena prayatnataḥ

    The wise call the monthly funeral offering to the manes Anvaharya (to be offered after the

  124. 3.124

    तत्र ये भोजनीयाः स्युर्ये च वर्ज्या द्विजोत्तमाः ।यावन्तश्चैव यैश्चान्नैस्तान्प्रवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः

    tatra ye bhojanīyāḥ syurye ca varjyā dvijottamāḥ |yāvantaścaiva yaiścānnaistānpravakṣyāmyaśeṣataḥ

    I will fully declare what and how many Brahma^as must be fed on that (occasion), who must be avoided, and on what kinds of food (they shall dine).

  125. 3.125

    द्वौ दैवे पितृकार्ये त्रीनेकैकं उभयत्र वा ।भोजयेत्सुसमृद्धोऽपि न प्रसज्जेत विस्तरे

    dvau daive pitṛkārye trīnekaikaṃ ubhayatra vā |bhojayetsusamṛddho'pi na prasajjeta vistare

    One must feed two (Brahma^as) at the offering to the gods, and three at the offering to the manes, or one only on either occasion ; even a very wealthy man shall not be anxious (to enter-

  126. 3.126

    सत्क्रियां देशकालौ च शौचं ब्राह्मणसंपदः ।पञ्चैतान्विस्तरो हन्ति तस्मान्नेहेत विस्तरम्

    satkriyāṃ deśakālau ca śaucaṃ brāhmaṇasaṃpadaḥ |pañcaitānvistaro hanti tasmānneheta vistaram

    A large company destroys these five (advan- tages), the respectful treatment (of the invited, the propriety of) place and time, purity and (the selec- tion of) virtuous Brahma^a (guests) ; he therefore

  127. 3.127

    प्रथिता प्रेतकृत्यैषा पित्र्यं नाम विधुक्षये ।तस्मिन्युक्तस्यैति नित्यं प्रेतकृत्यैव लौकिकी

    prathitā pretakṛtyaiṣā pitryaṃ nāma vidhukṣaye |tasminyuktasyaiti nityaṃ pretakṛtyaiva laukikī

    Famed is this rite for the dead, called (the sacrifice sacred to the manes (and performed) on the new-moon day; if a man is diligent in (per- forming) that, (the reward of) the rite for the

  128. 3.128

    श्रोत्रियायैव देयानि हव्यकव्यानि दातृभिः ।अर्हत्तमाय विप्राय तस्मै दत्तं महाफलम्

    śrotriyāyaiva deyāni havyakavyāni dātṛbhiḥ |arhattamāya viprāya tasmai dattaṃ mahāphalam

    Oblations to the gods and manes must be presented by the givers to a 6Yotriya alone ; what is given to such a most worthy Brahma^a yields great reward.

  129. 3.129

    एकैकं अपि विद्वांसं दैवे पित्र्ये च भोजयेत् ।पुष्कलं फलं आप्नोति नामन्त्रज्ञान्बहूनपि

    ekaikaṃ api vidvāṃsaṃ daive pitrye ca bhojayet |puṣkalaṃ phalaṃ āpnoti nāmantrajñānbahūnapi

    Let him feed even one learned man at (the sacrifice) to the gods, and one at (the sacrifice) to the manes ; (thus) he will gain a rich reward, not (if he entertains) many who are unacquainted with

  130. 3.130

    दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणं वेदपारगम् ।तीर्थं तद्धव्यकव्यानां प्रदाने सोऽतिथिः स्मृतः

    dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇaṃ vedapāragam |tīrthaṃ taddhavyakavyānāṃ pradāne so'tithiḥ smṛtaḥ

    Vi. LXXXII, 2. The examination must extend, as in the case of officiating priests, to ten ancestors on the mother's and the father's side (Medh., Gov.).

  131. 3.131

    सहस्रं हि सहस्राणां अनृचां यत्र भुञ्जते ।एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति धर्मतः

    sahasraṃ hi sahasrāṇāṃ anṛcāṃ yatra bhuñjate |ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati dharmataḥ

    Though a million of men, unacquainted with the i?z'/£as, were to dine at a (funeral sacrifice), yet a single man, learned in the Veda, who is satisfied (with his entertainment), is worth them all as far as

  132. 3.132

    ज्ञानोत्कृष्टाय देयानि कव्यानि च हवींषि च ।न हि हस्तावसृग्दिग्धौ रुधिरेणैव शुध्यतः

    jñānotkṛṣṭāya deyāni kavyāni ca havīṃṣi ca |na hi hastāvasṛgdigdhau rudhireṇaiva śudhyataḥ

    Food sacred to the manes or to the gods must be given to a man distinguished by sacred or in the house, i.e. to be performed by householders, not by men of other orders.' Medh., too, mentions another reading, which he

  133. 3.133

    यावतो ग्रसते ग्रासान्हव्यकव्येष्वमन्त्रवित् ।तावतो ग्रसते प्रेतो दीप्तशूलर्ष्ट्ययोगुडान्

    yāvato grasate grāsānhavyakavyeṣvamantravit |tāvato grasate preto dīptaśūlarṣṭyayoguḍān

    As many mouthfuls as an ignorant man swal- lows at a sacrifice to the gods or to the manes, so many red-hot spikes, spears, and iron balls must (the giver of the repast) swallow after death.

  134. 3.134

    ज्ञाननिष्ठा द्विजाः के चित्तपोनिष्ठास्तथापरे ।तपःस्वाध्यायनिष्ठाश्च कर्मनिष्ठास्तथापरे

    jñānaniṣṭhā dvijāḥ ke cittaponiṣṭhāstathāpare |tapaḥsvādhyāyaniṣṭhāśca karmaniṣṭhāstathāpare

    Some grJ,hma;zas are devoted to (the pur- suit of) knowledge, and others to (the performance... of) austerities ; some to austerities and to the reci- tation of the Veda, and others to (the performance

  135. 3.135

    ज्ञाननिष्ठेषु कव्यानि प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि यत्नतः ।हव्यानि तु यथान्यायं सर्वेष्वेव चतुर्ष्वपि

    jñānaniṣṭheṣu kavyāni pratiṣṭhāpyāni yatnataḥ |havyāni tu yathānyāyaṃ sarveṣveva caturṣvapi

    Oblations to the manes ought to be care- fully presented to those devoted to knowledge, but offerings to the gods, in accordance with the reason (of the sacred law), to (men of) all the four (above-

  136. 3.136

    अश्रोत्रियः पिता यस्य पुत्रः स्याद्वेदपारगः ।अश्रोत्रियो वा पुत्रः स्यात्पिता स्याद्वेदपारगः

    aśrotriyaḥ pitā yasya putraḥ syādvedapāragaḥ |aśrotriyo vā putraḥ syātpitā syādvedapāragaḥ

    If there is a father ignorant of the sacred texts whose son has learned one whole recension of the Veda and the Angas, and a son ignorant of the sacred texts whose father knows an entire recen-

  137. 3.137

    ज्यायांसं अनयोर्विद्याद्यस्य स्याच्छ्रोत्रियः पिता ।मन्त्रसंपूजनार्थं तु सत्कारं इतरोऽर्हति

    jyāyāṃsaṃ anayorvidyādyasya syācchrotriyaḥ pitā |mantrasaṃpūjanārthaṃ tu satkāraṃ itaro'rhati

    Know that he whose father knows the Veda, is the more venerable one (of the two) ; yet the other one is worthy of honour, because respect is due to the Veda (which he has learned).

  138. 3.138

    न श्राद्धे भोजयेन्मित्रं धनैः कार्योऽस्य संग्रहः ।नारिं न मित्रं यं विद्यात्तं श्राद्धे भोजयेद्द्विजम्

    na śrāddhe bhojayenmitraṃ dhanaiḥ kāryo'sya saṃgrahaḥ |nāriṃ na mitraṃ yaṃ vidyāttaṃ śrāddhe bhojayeddvijam

    Let him not entertain a personal friend at a funeral sacrifice ; he may gain his affection by (other) valuable gifts ; let him feed at a 6raddha a Brahma^a whom he considers neither as a foe

  139. 3.139

    यस्य मित्रप्रधानानि श्राद्धानि च हवींषि च ।तस्य प्रेत्य फलं नास्ति श्राद्धेषु च हविःषु च

    yasya mitrapradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca |tasya pretya phalaṃ nāsti śrāddheṣu ca haviḥṣu ca

  140. 3.140

    यः संगतानि कुरुते मोहाच्छ्राद्धेन मानवः ।स स्वर्गाच्च्यवते लोकाच्छ्राद्धमित्रो द्विजाधमः

    yaḥ saṃgatāni kurute mohācchrāddhena mānavaḥ |sa svargāccyavate lokācchrāddhamitro dvijādhamaḥ

    That meanest among twice-born men who in his folly contracts friendships through a funeral sacrifice, loses heaven, because he performed a •SYaddha for the sake of friendship.

  141. 3.141

    संभोजानि साभिहिता पैशाची दक्षिणा द्विजैः ।इहैवास्ते तु सा लोके गौरन्धेवैकवेश्मनि

    saṃbhojāni sābhihitā paiśācī dakṣiṇā dvijaiḥ |ihaivāste tu sā loke gaurandhevaikaveśmani

    A gift (of food) by twice-born men, con- sumed with (friends and relatives), is said to be offered to the Pisa^as ; it remains in this (world) alone like a blind cow in one stable.

  142. 3.142

    यथेरिणे बीजं उप्त्वा न वप्ता लभते फलम् ।तथानृचे हविर्दत्त्वा न दाता लभते फलम्

    yatheriṇe bījaṃ uptvā na vaptā labhate phalam |tathānṛce havirdattvā na dātā labhate phalam

    As a husbandman reaps no harvest when he has sown the seed in barren soil, even so the giver of sacrificial food gains no reward if he pre- sented it to a man unacquainted with the Rikas.

  143. 3.143

    दातॄन्प्रतिग्रहीतॄंश्च कुरुते फलभागिनः ।विदुषे दक्षिणां दत्त्वा विधिवत्प्रेत्य चेह च

    dātṝnpratigrahītṝṃśca kurute phalabhāginaḥ |viduṣe dakṣiṇāṃ dattvā vidhivatpretya ceha ca

    But a present made in accordance with the rules to a learned man, makes the giver and the 138-148. Ap. II, 17, 4-6; Gaut. XV, 12-14; Baudh. II, 14, 6; Ya^». I, 220.

  144. 3.144

    कामं श्राद्धेऽर्चयेन्मित्रं नाभिरूपं अपि त्वरिम् ।द्विषता हि हविर्भुक्तं भवति प्रेत्य निष्फलम्

    kāmaṃ śrāddhe'rcayenmitraṃ nābhirūpaṃ api tvarim |dviṣatā hi havirbhuktaṃ bhavati pretya niṣphalam

    (If no learned Brahma^a be at hand), he may rather honour a (virtuous) friend than an enemy, though the latter may be qualified (by learning and so forth) ; for sacrificial food, eaten by

  145. 3.145

    यत्नेन भोजयेच्छ्राद्धे बह्वृचं वेदपारगम् ।शाखान्तगं अथाध्वर्युं छन्दोगं तु समाप्तिकम्

    yatnena bhojayecchrāddhe bahvṛcaṃ vedapāragam |śākhāntagaṃ athādhvaryuṃ chandogaṃ tu samāptikam

    Let him (take) pains (to) feed at a .Sraddha an adherent of the J^tg-veda, who has studied one entire (recension of that) Veda, or a follower of the Ya^ur-veda who has finished one 6akha, or a

  146. 3.146

    एषां अन्यतमो यस्य भुञ्जीत श्राद्धं अर्चितः ।पितॄणां तस्य तृप्तिः स्याच्छाश्वती साप्तपौरुषी

    eṣāṃ anyatamo yasya bhuñjīta śrāddhaṃ arcitaḥ |pitṝṇāṃ tasya tṛptiḥ syācchāśvatī sāptapauruṣī

    If one of these three dines, duly honoured, at a funeral sacrifice, the ancestors of him (who gives the feast), as far as the seventh person, will be satisfied for a very long time.

  147. 3.147

    एष वै प्रथमः कल्पः प्रदाने हव्यकव्ययोः ।अनुकल्पस्त्वयं ज्ञेयः सदा सद्भिरनुष्ठितः

    eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ pradāne havyakavyayoḥ |anukalpastvayaṃ jñeyaḥ sadā sadbhiranuṣṭhitaḥ

    This is the chief rule (to be followed) in offering sacrifices to the gods and manes ; know that the virtuous always observe the following sub- sidiary rule.

  148. 3.148

    मातामहं मातुलं च स्वस्रीयं श्वशुरं गुरुम् ।दौहित्रं विट्पतिं बन्धुं ऋत्विग्याज्यौ च भोजयेत्

    mātāmahaṃ mātulaṃ ca svasrīyaṃ śvaśuraṃ gurum |dauhitraṃ viṭpatiṃ bandhuṃ ṛtvigyājyau ca bhojayet

    One may also entertain (on such occasions) one's maternal grandfather, a maternal uncle, a sister's son, a father-in-law, one's teacher, a daughter's son, a daughter's husband, a cognate

  149. 3.149

    न ब्राह्मणं परीक्षेत दैवे कर्मणि धर्मवित् ।पित्र्ये कर्मणि तु प्राप्ते परीक्षेत प्रयत्नतः

    na brāhmaṇaṃ parīkṣeta daive karmaṇi dharmavit |pitrye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ

    For a rite sacred to the gods, he who knows the law will not make (too close) inquiries regarding an (invited) Brahma/za ; but when one performs a

  150. 3.150

    ये स्तेनपतितक्लीबा ये च नास्तिकवृत्तयः ।तान्हव्यकव्ययोर्विप्राननर्हान्मनुरब्रवीत्

    ye stenapatitaklībā ye ca nāstikavṛttayaḥ |tānhavyakavyayorviprānanarhānmanurabravīt

    Manu has declared that those Brahma^as who are thieves, outcasts, eunuchs, or atheists are unworthy (to partake) of oblations to the gods and manes.

  151. 3.151

    जटिलं चानधीयानं दुर्बालं कितवं तथा ।याजयन्ति च ये पूगांस्तांश्च श्राद्धे न भोजयेत्

    jaṭilaṃ cānadhīyānaṃ durbālaṃ kitavaṃ tathā |yājayanti ca ye pūgāṃstāṃśca śrāddhe na bhojayet

    Let him not entertain at a .Sraddha one who wears his hair in braids (a student), one who has not studied (the Veda), one afflicted with a skin-disease, a gambler, nor those who sacrifice for a multitude

  152. 3.152

    चिकित्सकान्देवलकान्मांसविक्रयिणस्तथा ।विपणेन च जीवन्तो वर्ज्याः स्युर्हव्यकव्ययोः

    cikitsakāndevalakānmāṃsavikrayiṇastathā |vipaṇena ca jīvanto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ

    Physicians, temple-priests, sellers of meat, and those who subsist -by shop-keeping must be avoided at sacrifices offered to the gods and to the manes.

  153. 3.153

    प्रेष्यो ग्रामस्य राज्ञश्च कुनखी श्यावदन्तकः ।प्रतिरोद्धा गुरोश्चैव त्यक्ताग्निर्वार्धुषिस्तथा

    preṣyo grāmasya rājñaśca kunakhī śyāvadantakaḥ |pratiroddhā guroścaiva tyaktāgnirvārdhuṣistathā

    A paid servant of a village or of a king, a man with deformed nails or black teeth, one who opposes his teacher, one who has forsaken the sacred fire, and a usurer ;

  154. 3.154

    यक्ष्मी च पशुपालश्च परिवेत्ता निराकृतिः ।ब्रह्मद्विट्परिवित्तिश्च गणाभ्यन्तर एव च

    yakṣmī ca paśupālaśca parivettā nirākṛtiḥ |brahmadviṭparivittiśca gaṇābhyantara eva ca

    One suffering from consumption, one who subsists by tending cattle, a younger brother who 150-182. Ap. II, 17, 21; Gaut. XV, 16-19, 30-31; Vas. XI, 19 ; Vi. LXXXII, 3-30 ; Yagri. I, 222-224.

  155. 3.155

    कुशीलवोऽवकीर्णी च वृषलीपतिरेव च ।पौनर्भवश्च काणश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे

    kuśīlavo'vakīrṇī ca vṛṣalīpatireva ca |paunarbhavaśca kāṇaśca yasya copapatirgṛhe

    An actor or singer, one who has broken the vow of studentship, one whose (only or first) wife is a .5udra female, the son of a remarried woman, a one-eyed man, and he in whose house a paramour

  156. 3.156

    भृतकाध्यापको यश्च भृतकाध्यापितस्तथा ।शूद्रशिष्यो गुरुश्चैव वाग्दुष्टः कुण्डगोलकौ

    bhṛtakādhyāpako yaśca bhṛtakādhyāpitastathā |śūdraśiṣyo guruścaiva vāgduṣṭaḥ kuṇḍagolakau

    He who teaches for a stipulated fee and he who is taught on that condition, he who instructs .Sudra pupils and he whose teacher is a .Sudra, he who speaks rudely, the son of an adulteress, and the son

  157. 3.157

    अकारणे परित्यक्ता मातापित्रोर्गुरोस्तथा ।ब्राह्मैर्यौनैश्च संबन्धैः संयोगं पतितैर्गतः

    akāraṇe parityaktā mātāpitrorgurostathā |brāhmairyaunaiśca saṃbandhaiḥ saṃyogaṃ patitairgataḥ

    He who forsakes his mother, his father, or a teacher without a (sufficient) reason, he who has Kull., Ragh.), means according to Gov. 'one who forsakes the Vedas (and the rest),' according to Nar. and Nand. ' one who does

  158. 3.158

    अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी ।समुद्रयायी बन्दी च तैलिकः कूटकारकः

    agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī |samudrayāyī bandī ca tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ

    An incendiary, a prisoner, he who eats the food given by the son of an adulteress, a seller of Soma, he who undertakes voyages by sea, a bard, an oil-man, a suborner to perjury,

  159. 3.159

    पित्रा विवदमानश्च कितवो मद्यपस्तथा ।पापरोग्यभिशस्तश्च दाम्भिको रसविक्रयी

    pitrā vivadamānaśca kitavo madyapastathā |pāparogyabhiśastaśca dāmbhiko rasavikrayī

    He who wrangles or goes to law with his father, the keeper of a gambling-house, a drunkard, he who is afflicted with a disease (in punishment of former) crimes, he who is accused of a mortal sin, a

  160. 3.160

    धनुःशराणां कर्ता च यश्चाग्रेदिधिषूपतिः ।मित्रध्रुग्द्यूतवृत्तिश्च पुत्राचार्यस्तथैव च

    dhanuḥśarāṇāṃ kartā ca yaścāgredidhiṣūpatiḥ |mitradhrugdyūtavṛttiśca putrācāryastathaiva ca

    A maker of bows and of arrows, he who lasciviously dallies with a brothers widow, the be- trayer of a friend, one who subsists by gambling, he who learns (the Veda) from his son,

  161. 3.161

    भ्रामरी गन्डमाली च श्वित्र्यथो पिशुनस्तथा ।उन्मत्तोऽन्धश्च वर्ज्याः स्युर्वेदनिन्दक एव च

    bhrāmarī ganḍamālī ca śvitryatho piśunastathā |unmatto'ndhaśca varjyāḥ syurvedanindaka eva ca

    An epileptic man, one who suffers from scro- fulous swellings of the glands, one afflicted with white leprosy, an informer, a madman, a blind man, and he who cavils at the Veda must (all) be

  162. 3.162

    हस्तिगोऽश्वोष्ट्रदमको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति ।पक्षिणां पोषको यश्च युद्धाचार्यस्तथैव च

    hastigo'śvoṣṭradamako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati |pakṣiṇāṃ poṣako yaśca yuddhācāryastathaiva ca

    A trainer of elephants, oxen, horses, or camels, he who subsists by astrology, a bird-fancier, and he who teaches the use of arms,

  163. 3.163

    स्रोतसां भेदको यश्च तेषां चावरणे रतः ।गृहसंवेशको दूतो वृक्षारोपक एव च

    srotasāṃ bhedako yaśca teṣāṃ cāvaraṇe rataḥ |gṛhasaṃveśako dūto vṛkṣāropaka eva ca

    He who diverts water-courses, and he who delights in obstructing them, an architect, a mes- senger, and he who plants trees (for money),

  164. 3.164

    श्वक्रीडी श्येनजीवी च कन्यादूषक एव च ।हिंस्रो वृषलवृत्तिश्च गणानां चैव याजकः

    śvakrīḍī śyenajīvī ca kanyādūṣaka eva ca |hiṃsro vṛṣalavṛttiśca gaṇānāṃ caiva yājakaḥ

    A breeder of sporting-dogs, a falconer, one who defiles maidens, he who delights in injuring living creatures, he who gains his subsistence from ^udras, and he who offers sacrifices to the Ga^as,

  165. 3.165

    आचारहीनः क्लीबश्च नित्यं याचनकस्तथा ।कृषिजीवी श्लीपदी च सद्भिर्निन्दित एव च

    ācārahīnaḥ klībaśca nityaṃ yācanakastathā |kṛṣijīvī ślīpadī ca sadbhirnindita eva ca

    He who does not follow the rule of conduct, a (man destitute of energy like a) eunuch, one who constantly asks (for favours), he who lives by agri- irregular compound consisting of agredidhishupati and didhishu-

  166. 3.166

    औरभ्रिको माहिषिकः परपूर्वापतिस्तथा ।प्रेतनिर्यापकश्चैव वर्जनीयाः प्रयत्नतः

    aurabhriko māhiṣikaḥ parapūrvāpatistathā |pretaniryāpakaścaiva varjanīyāḥ prayatnataḥ

    A shepherd, a keeper of buffaloes, the hus- band of a remarried woman, and a carrier of dead bodies, (all these) must be carefully avoided.

  167. 3.167

    एतान्विगर्हिताचारानपाङ्क्तेयान्द्विजाधमान् ।द्विजातिप्रवरो विद्वानुभयत्र विवर्जयेत्

    etānvigarhitācārānapāṅkteyāndvijādhamān |dvijātipravaro vidvānubhayatra vivarjayet

    A Brahma^a who knows (the sacred law) should shun at (sacrifices) both (to the gods and to the manes) these lowest of twice-born men, whose conduct is reprehensible, and who are unworthy (to

  168. 3.168

    ब्राह्मणो त्वनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति ।तस्मै हव्यं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते

    brāhmaṇo tvanadhīyānastṛṇāgniriva śāmyati |tasmai havyaṃ na dātavyaṃ na hi bhasmani hūyate

    As a fire of dry grass is (unable to consume the offerings and is quickly) extinguished, even so (is it with) an unlearned Brahma^a ; sacrificial food must not be given to him, since it (would be) offered

  169. 3.169

    अपाङ्क्तदाने यो दातुर्भवत्यूर्ध्वं फलोदयः ।दैवे हविषि पित्र्ये वा तं प्रवक्स्याम्यशेषतः

    apāṅktadāne yo dāturbhavatyūrdhvaṃ phalodayaḥ |daive haviṣi pitrye vā taṃ pravaksyāmyaśeṣataḥ

    I will fully declare what result the giver obtains after death, if he gives food, destined for the gods or manes, to a man who is unworthy to sit in the company.

  170. 3.170

    अव्रतैर्यद्द्विजैर्भुक्तं परिवेत्रादिभिस्तथा ।अपाङ्क्तेयैर्यदन्यैश्च तद्वै रक्षांसि भुञ्जते

    avratairyaddvijairbhuktaṃ parivetrādibhistathā |apāṅkteyairyadanyaiśca tadvai rakṣāṃsi bhuñjate

    The Rakshasas, indeed, consume (the food) eaten by Brahma^as who have not fulfilled the vow of studentship, by a Parivettrz and so forth, and by other men not admissible into the company.

  171. 3.171

    दाराग्निहोत्रसंयोगं कुरुते योऽग्रजे स्थिते ।परिवेत्ता स विज्ञेयः परिवित्तिस्तु पूर्वजः

    dārāgnihotrasaṃyogaṃ kurute yo'graje sthite |parivettā sa vijñeyaḥ parivittistu pūrvajaḥ

    He must be considered as a Pari vettrz who

  172. 3.172

    परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता यया च परिविद्यते ।सर्वे ते नरकं यान्ति दातृयाजकपञ्चमाः

    parivittiḥ parivettā yayā ca parividyate |sarve te narakaṃ yānti dātṛyājakapañcamāḥ

    The elder brother who marries after the younger, the younger brother who marries before the elder, the female with whom such a marriage is contracted, he who gives her away, and the sacri-

  173. 3.173

    भ्रातुर्मृतस्य भार्यायां योऽनुरज्येत कामतः ।धर्मेणापि नियुक्तायां स ज्ञेयो दिधिषूपतिः

    bhrāturmṛtasya bhāryāyāṃ yo'nurajyeta kāmataḥ |dharmeṇāpi niyuktāyāṃ sa jñeyo didhiṣūpatiḥ

    He who lasciviously dallies with the widow of a deceased brother, though she be appointed (to bear a child by him) in accordance with the sacred law, must be known to be a Didhishupati.

  174. 3.174

    परदारेषु जायेते द्वौ सुतौ कुण्डगोलकौ ।पत्यौ जीवति कुण्डः स्यान्मृते भर्तरि गोलकः

    paradāreṣu jāyete dvau sutau kuṇḍagolakau |patyau jīvati kuṇḍaḥ syānmṛte bhartari golakaḥ

  175. 3.175

    तौ तु जातौ परक्षेत्रे प्राणिनौ प्रेत्य चेह च ।दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि नाशयन्ति प्रदायिनाम्

    tau tu jātau parakṣetre prāṇinau pretya ceha ca |dattāni havyakavyāni nāśayanti pradāyinām

    But those two creatures, who are born of wives of other men, cause to the giver the loss (of the rewards), both in this life and after death, for the food sacred to gods or manes which has been given

  176. 3.176

    अपाङ्क्त्यो यावतः पङ्क्त्यान्भुञ्जानाननुपश्यति ।तावतां न फलं तत्र दाता प्राप्नोति बालिशः

    apāṅktyo yāvataḥ paṅktyānbhuñjānānanupaśyati |tāvatāṃ na phalaṃ tatra dātā prāpnoti bāliśaḥ

  177. 3.177

    वीक्ष्यान्धो नवतेः काणः षष्टेः श्वित्री शतस्य तु ।पापरोगी सहस्रस्य दातुर्नाशयते फलम्

    vīkṣyāndho navateḥ kāṇaḥ ṣaṣṭeḥ śvitrī śatasya tu |pāparogī sahasrasya dāturnāśayate phalam

    A blind man by his presence causes to the giver (of the feast) the loss of the reward for ninety (guests), a one-eyed man for sixty, one who suffers from white leprosy for a hundred, and one punished

  178. 3.179

    वेदविच्चापि विप्रोऽस्य लोभात्कृत्वा प्रतिग्रहम् ।विनाशं व्रजति क्षिप्रं आमपात्रं इवाम्भसि

    vedaviccāpi vipro'sya lobhātkṛtvā pratigraham |vināśaṃ vrajati kṣipraṃ āmapātraṃ ivāmbhasi

    And if a Brahma^a, though learned in the Veda, accepts through covetousness a gift from such (a man), he will quickly perish, like a vessel of unburn t clay in water.

  179. 3.180

    सोमविक्रयिणे विष्ठा भिषजे पूयशोणितम् ।नष्टं देवलके दत्तं अप्रतिष्ठं तु वार्धुषौ

    somavikrayiṇe viṣṭhā bhiṣaje pūyaśoṇitam |naṣṭaṃ devalake dattaṃ apratiṣṭhaṃ tu vārdhuṣau

    (Food) given to a seller of Soma becomes ordure, (that given) to a physician pus and blood, but (that presented) to a temple-priest is lost, and (that given) to a usurer finds no place (in the world

  180. 3.181

    यत्तु वाणिजके दत्तं नेह नामुत्र तद्भवेत् ।भस्मनीव हुतं द्रव्यं तथा पौनर्भवे द्विजे

    yattu vāṇijake dattaṃ neha nāmutra tadbhavet |bhasmanīva hutaṃ dravyaṃ tathā paunarbhave dvije

    What has been given to a Brahma//a who lives by trade that is not (useful) in this world and the next, and (a present) to a Brahma^a born of a remarried woman (resembles) an oblation thrown

  181. 3.182

    इतरेषु त्वपाङ्क्त्येषु यथोद्दिष्टेष्वसाधुषु ।मेदोऽसृङ्मांसमज्जास्थि वदन्त्यन्नं मनीषिणः

    itareṣu tvapāṅktyeṣu yathoddiṣṭeṣvasādhuṣu |medo'sṛṅmāṃsamajjāsthi vadantyannaṃ manīṣiṇaḥ

    But the wise declare that the food which (is offered) to other unholy, inadmissible men, enu- merated above, (is turned into) adipose secretions, blood, flesh, marrow, and bone.

  182. 3.183

    अपाङ्क्त्योपहता पङ्क्तिः पाव्यते यैर्द्विजोत्तमैः ।तान्निबोधत कार्त्स्न्येन द्विजाग्र्यान्पङ्क्तिपावनान्

    apāṅktyopahatā paṅktiḥ pāvyate yairdvijottamaiḥ |tānnibodhata kārtsnyena dvijāgryānpaṅktipāvanān

    Now hear by what chief of twice-born men which is given outside the sacrificial enclosure* (Medh., Gov.), or 'for the gift of food at a -Sraddha' (Kull., Ragh.). 179.' From such a man/ i. e. 'from one who sacrifices for -Sudras/

  183. 3.184

    अग्र्याः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च ।श्रोत्रियान्वयजाश्चैव विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः

    agryāḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca |śrotriyānvayajāścaiva vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ

    Those men must be considered as the sanc- tifiers of a company who are most learned in all the Vedas and in all the Angas, and who are the descendants of .Srotriyas.

  184. 3.185

    त्रिणाचिकेतः पञ्चाग्निस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडङ्गवित् ।ब्रह्मदेयात्मसन्तानो ज्येष्ठसामग एव च

    triṇāciketaḥ pañcāgnistrisuparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṅgavit |brahmadeyātmasantāno jyeṣṭhasāmaga eva ca

    A Trma&keta, one who keeps five sacred fires, a Trisupama, one who . is versed in the six Angas, the son of a woman married according to the Brahma rite, one who sings the Gyesh/^asaman,

  185. 3.186

    वेदार्थवित्प्रवक्ता च ब्रह्मचारी सहस्रदः ।शतायुश्चैव विज्ञेया ब्राह्मणाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः

    vedārthavitpravaktā ca brahmacārī sahasradaḥ |śatāyuścaiva vijñeyā brāhmaṇāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ

    Nand. explains brahma£ari, 'a student,' by 'a chaste man' (see above, verse 50).

  186. 3.187

    पूर्वेद्युरपरेद्युर्वा श्राद्धकर्मण्युपस्थिते ।निमन्त्रयेत त्र्यवरान्सम्यग्विप्रान्यथोदितान्

    pūrvedyuraparedyurvā śrāddhakarmaṇyupasthite |nimantrayeta tryavarānsamyagviprānyathoditān

    On the day before the .Sraddha-rite is per- formed, or on the day when it takes place, let him invite with due respect at least three Brahma^as, such as have been mentioned above.

  187. 3.188

    निमन्त्रितो द्विजः पित्र्ये नियतात्मा भवेत्सदा ।न च छन्दांस्यधीयीत यस्य श्राद्धं च तद्भवेत्

    nimantrito dvijaḥ pitrye niyatātmā bhavetsadā |na ca chandāṃsyadhīyīta yasya śrāddhaṃ ca tadbhavet

    A Brahma^a who has been invited to a (rite) in honour of the manes shall always control himself and not recite the Veda, and he who performs the .Sraddha (must act in the same manner).

  188. 3.189

    निमन्त्रितान्हि पितर उपतिष्ठन्ति तान्द्विजान् ।वायुवच्चानुगच्छन्ति तथासीनानुपासते

    nimantritānhi pitara upatiṣṭhanti tāndvijān |vāyuvaccānugacchanti tathāsīnānupāsate

    For the manes attend the invited Brahma/zas, follow them (when they walk) like the wind, and sit near them when they are seated.

  189. 3.190

    केतितस्तु यथान्यायं हव्ये कव्ये द्विजोत्तमः ।कथं चिदप्यतिक्रामन्पापः सूकरतां व्रजेत्

    ketitastu yathānyāyaṃ havye kavye dvijottamaḥ |kathaṃ cidapyatikrāmanpāpaḥ sūkaratāṃ vrajet

    But a Brahma/za who, being duly invited to a rite in honour of the gods or of the manes, in any way breaks (the appointment), becomes guilty (of a crime), and (in his next birth) a hog.

  190. 3.191

    आमन्त्रितस्तु यः श्राद्धे वृशल्या सह मोदते ।दातुर्यद्दुष्कृतं किं चित्तत्सर्वं प्रतिपद्यते

    āmantritastu yaḥ śrāddhe vṛśalyā saha modate |dāturyadduṣkṛtaṃ kiṃ cittatsarvaṃ pratipadyate

    But he who, being invited to a .Sraddha, dallies with a 6iidra woman, takes upon himself all the sins which the giver (of the feast) committed.

  191. 3.192

    अक्रोधनाः शौचपराः सततं ब्रह्मचारिणः ।न्यस्तशस्त्रा महाभागाः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः

    akrodhanāḥ śaucaparāḥ satataṃ brahmacāriṇaḥ |nyastaśastrā mahābhāgāḥ pitaraḥ pūrvadevatāḥ

    The manes are primeval deities, freejfrom anger, careful of purity, ever chaste, averse from strife, and endowed with great virtues.

  192. 3.193

    यस्मादुत्पत्तिरेतेषां सर्वेषां अप्यशेषतः ।ये च यैरुपचर्याः स्युर्नियमैस्तान्निबोधत

    yasmādutpattireteṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ apyaśeṣataḥ |ye ca yairupacaryāḥ syurniyamaistānnibodhata

    Now learn fully from whom all these (manes derive) their origin, and with what ceremonies they ought to be worshipped.

  193. 3.194

    मनोर्हैरण्यगर्भस्य ये मरीच्यादयः सुताः ।तेषां ऋषीणां सर्वेषां पुत्राः पितृगणाः स्मृताः

    manorhairaṇyagarbhasya ye marīcyādayaḥ sutāḥ |teṣāṃ ṛṣīṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ putrāḥ pitṛgaṇāḥ smṛtāḥ

    The (various) classes of the manes are de- clared to be the sons of all those sages, MarL£i and the rest, who are children of Manu, the son of Hira/zyagarbha.

  194. 3.195

    विराट्सुताः सोमसदः साध्यानां पितरः स्मृताः ।अग्निष्वात्ताश्च देवानां मारीचा लोकविश्रुताः

    virāṭsutāḥ somasadaḥ sādhyānāṃ pitaraḥ smṛtāḥ |agniṣvāttāśca devānāṃ mārīcā lokaviśrutāḥ

    The Somasads, the sons of Vira^, are stated to be the manes of the Sadhyas, and the Agnish-

  195. 3.196

    दैत्यदानवयक्षाणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् ।सुपर्णकिन्नराणां च स्मृता बर्हिषदोऽत्रिजाः

    daityadānavayakṣāṇāṃ gandharvoragarakṣasām |suparṇakinnarāṇāṃ ca smṛtā barhiṣado'trijāḥ

    The Barhishads, born of Atri, are recorded to be (the manes) of the Daityas, Danavas, Yakshas, Gandharvas, Snake-deities, Rakshasas, Supar/zas, and Kiwnaras,

  196. 3.197

    सोमपा नाम विप्राणां क्षत्रियाणां हविर्भुजः ।वैश्यानां आज्यपा नाम शूद्राणां तु सुकालिनः

    somapā nāma viprāṇāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ havirbhujaḥ |vaiśyānāṃ ājyapā nāma śūdrāṇāṃ tu sukālinaḥ

    The Somapas those of theBrahma^as,theHa- virbhu£*s those of the Kshatriyas, the A^yapas those of the VaLsyas, but the Sukalins those of the .Sudras.

  197. 3.198

    सोमपास्तु कवेः पुत्रा हविष्मन्तोऽङ्गिरःसुताः ।पुलस्त्यस्याज्यपाः पुत्रा वसिष्ठस्य सुकालिनः

    somapāstu kaveḥ putrā haviṣmanto'ṅgiraḥsutāḥ |pulastyasyājyapāḥ putrā vasiṣṭhasya sukālinaḥ

    The Somapas are the sons of Kavi (Bhrigu), the Havishmats the children of Angiras, the A^yapas the offspring of Pulastya, but the Sukalins (the issue) of Vasish^a.

  198. 3.199

    अग्निदग्धानग्निदग्धान्काव्यान्बर्हिषदस्तथा ।अग्निष्वात्तांश्च सौम्यांश्च विप्राणां एव निर्दिशेत्

    agnidagdhānagnidagdhānkāvyānbarhiṣadastathā |agniṣvāttāṃśca saumyāṃśca viprāṇāṃ eva nirdiśet

    One should know that (other classes), the Agnidagdhas, the Anagnidagdhas, the Kavyas, the Barhishads, the Agnishvattas, and the Saumyas, are (the manes) of the Brahma^as alone.

  199. 3.200

    य एते तु गणा मुख्याः पितॄणां परिकीर्तिताः ।तेषां अपीह विज्ञेयं पुत्रपौत्रं अनन्तकम्

    ya ete tu gaṇā mukhyāḥ pitṝṇāṃ parikīrtitāḥ |teṣāṃ apīha vijñeyaṃ putrapautraṃ anantakam

    But know also that there exist in this (world) countless sons and grandsons of those chief classes of manes which have been enumerated.

  200. 3.201

    ऋषिभ्यः पितरो जाताः पितृभ्यो देवमानवाः ।देवेभ्यस्तु जगत्सर्वं चरं स्थाण्वनुपूर्वशः

    ṛṣibhyaḥ pitaro jātāḥ pitṛbhyo devamānavāḥ |devebhyastu jagatsarvaṃ caraṃ sthāṇvanupūrvaśaḥ

    From the sages sprang the manes, from the manes the gods and the Danavas, but from the gods the whole world, both the movable and the immov- able in due order.

  201. 3.202

    राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां अथो वा रजतान्वितैः ।वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तं अक्षयायोपकल्पते

    rājatairbhājanaireṣāṃ atho vā rajatānvitaiḥ |vāryapi śraddhayā dattaṃ akṣayāyopakalpate

    Akshayayapakalpate, 'produces endless (bliss),' (Gov., Kull.), 111,207. householder; sraddhas. 113 in vessels made of silver or adorned with silver, produces endless (bliss).

  202. 3.203

    दैवकार्याद्द्विजातीनां पितृकार्यं विशिष्यते ।दैवं हि पितृकार्यस्य पूर्वं आप्यायनं स्मृतम्

    daivakāryāddvijātīnāṃ pitṛkāryaṃ viśiṣyate |daivaṃ hi pitṛkāryasya pūrvaṃ āpyāyanaṃ smṛtam

    For twice-born men the rite in honour of the manes is more important than the rite in honour of the gods ; for the offering to the gods which pre- cedes (the .Sraddhas), has been declared to be a

  203. 3.204

    तेषां आरक्षभूतं तु पूर्वं दैवं नियोजयेत् ।रक्सांसि विप्रलुम्पन्ति श्राद्धं आरक्षवर्जितम्

    teṣāṃ ārakṣabhūtaṃ tu pūrvaṃ daivaṃ niyojayet |raksāṃsi vipralumpanti śrāddhaṃ ārakṣavarjitam

    Let him first invite a (Brahma^a) in honour of the gods as a protection for the (offering to the manes) ; for the Rakshasas destroy a funeral sacri- fice which is left without such a protection.

  204. 3.205

    दैवाद्यन्तं तदीहेत पित्राद्यन्तं न तद्भवेत् ।पित्राद्यन्तं त्वीहमानः क्षिप्रं नश्यति सान्वयः

    daivādyantaṃ tadīheta pitrādyantaṃ na tadbhavet |pitrādyantaṃ tvīhamānaḥ kṣipraṃ naśyati sānvayaḥ

    Let him make (the ,5raddha) begin and end with (a rite) in honour of the gods ; it shall not begin and end with a (rite) to the manes ; for he who makes it begin and end with a (rite) in honour of the

  205. 3.206

    शुचिं देशं विविक्तं च गोमयेनोपलेपयेत् ।दक्षिनाप्रवणं चैव प्रयत्नेनोपपादयेत्

    śuciṃ deśaṃ viviktaṃ ca gomayenopalepayet |dakṣināpravaṇaṃ caiva prayatnenopapādayet

    Let him smear a pure and secluded place i with cowdung, and carefully make it sloping towards the south.

  206. 3.207

    अवकाशेषु चोक्षेषु जलतीरेषु चैव हि ।विविक्तेषु च तुष्यन्ति दत्तेन पितरः सदा

    avakāśeṣu cokṣeṣu jalatīreṣu caiva hi |vivikteṣu ca tuṣyanti dattena pitaraḥ sadā

    The manes are always pleased with offerings made in open, naturally pure places, on the banks of rivers, and in secluded spots. means according to Medh. 'affords to them imperishable satis-

  207. 3.208

    आसनेषूपक्ल्प्तेषु बर्हिष्मत्सु पृथक्पृथक् ।उपस्पृष्टोदकान्सम्यग्विप्रांस्तानुपवेशयेत्

    āsaneṣūpaklpteṣu barhiṣmatsu pṛthakpṛthak |upaspṛṣṭodakānsamyagviprāṃstānupaveśayet

    The (sacrificer) shall make the (invited) Brahma/zas, who have duly performed their ablu- tions, sit down on separate, prepared seats, on which blades of Kusa. grass have been placed.

  208. 3.209

    उपवेश्य तु तान्विप्रानासनेष्वजुगुप्सितान् ।गन्धमाल्यैः सुरभिभिरर्चयेद्दैवपूर्वकम्

    upaveśya tu tānviprānāsaneṣvajugupsitān |gandhamālyaiḥ surabhibhirarcayeddaivapūrvakam

    Having placed those blameless Brahma/zas on their seats, he shall honour them with fragrant garlands and perfumes, beginning with (those who are invited in honour of) the gods.

  209. 3.210

    तेषां उदकं आनीय सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि ।अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह

    teṣāṃ udakaṃ ānīya sapavitrāṃstilānapi |agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha

    Having presented to them water, sesamum grains, and blades of Ku^a grass, the Brahma^a (sacrificer) shall offer (oblations) in the sacred fire, after having received permission (to do so) from

  210. 3.211

    अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः ।हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन्

    agneḥ somayamābhyāṃ ca kṛtvāpyāyanaṃ āditaḥ |havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṃtarpayetpitṝn

    Having first, according to the rule, performed, as a means of protecting (the 6raddha), oblations to Agni, to Soma, and to Yama, let him afterwards satisfy the manes by a gift of sacrificial food.

  211. 3.212

    अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् ।यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते

    agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet |yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate

    But if no (sacred) fire (is available), he shall place (the offerings) into the hand of a Brahma^a ; for Brahma^as who know the sacred texts declare, 1 What fire is, even such is a Brahma^a.'

  212. 3.213

    अक्रोधनान्सुप्रसादान्वदन्त्येतान्पुरातनान् ।लोकस्याप्यायने युक्तान्श्राद्धदेवान्द्विजोत्तमान्

    akrodhanānsuprasādānvadantyetānpurātanān |lokasyāpyāyane yuktānśrāddhadevāndvijottamān

    They (also) call those first of twice-born men the ancient deities of the funeral sacrifice, free from anger, easily pleased, employed in making men prosper.

  213. 3.214

    अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् ।अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि

    apasavyaṃ agnau kṛtvā sarvaṃ āvṛtya vikramam |apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṃ bhuvi

    After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the

  214. 3.215

    त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः ।औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः

    trīṃstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkṛtvā samāhitaḥ |audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

    But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concen- trating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kara grass) exactly in the same manner

  215. 3.216

    न्युप्य पिण्डांस्ततस्तांस्तु प्रयतो विधिपूर्वकम् ।तेषु दर्भेषु तं हस्तं निर्मृज्याल्लेपभागिनाम्

    nyupya piṇḍāṃstatastāṃstu prayato vidhipūrvakam |teṣu darbheṣu taṃ hastaṃ nirmṛjyāllepabhāginām

    Having offered those cakes according to the (prescribed) rule, being pure, let him wipe the same hand with (the roots of) those blades of Kusa, grass for the sake of the (three ancestors) who partake

  216. 3.217

    आचम्योदक्परावृत्य त्रिरायम्य शनैरसून् ।षडृतूंश्च नमस्कुर्यात्पितॄनेव च मन्त्रवत्

    ācamyodakparāvṛtya trirāyamya śanairasūn |ṣaḍṛtūṃśca namaskuryātpitṝneva ca mantravat

    Having (next) sipped water, turned round (towards the north), and thrice slowly suppressed be placed into the hands of the guests. The epithet ' ancient' is explained to mean * produced in the kalpa when the Sadhyas were

  217. 3.218

    उदकं निनयेच्छेषं शनैः पिण्डान्तिके पुनः ।अवजिघ्रेच्च तान्पिण्डान्यथान्युप्तान्समाहितः

    udakaṃ ninayeccheṣaṃ śanaiḥ piṇḍāntike punaḥ |avajighrecca tānpiṇḍānyathānyuptānsamāhitaḥ

    Let him gently pour out the remainder of the water near the cakes, and, with fixed attention, smell those cakes, in the order in which they were placed (on the ground).

  218. 3.219

    पिण्डेभ्यस्त्वल्पिकां मात्रां समादायानुपूर्वशः ।तानेव विप्रानासीनान्विधिवत्पूर्वं आशयेत्

    piṇḍebhyastvalpikāṃ mātrāṃ samādāyānupūrvaśaḥ |tāneva viprānāsīnānvidhivatpūrvaṃ āśayet

    But taking successively very small portions from the cakes, he shall make those seated Brah- ma/zas eat them, in accordance with the rule, before (their dinner).

  219. 3.220

    ध्रियमाणे तु पितरि पूर्वेषां एव निर्वपेत् ।विप्रवद्वापि तं श्राद्धे स्वकं पितरं आशयेत्

    dhriyamāṇe tu pitari pūrveṣāṃ eva nirvapet |vipravadvāpi taṃ śrāddhe svakaṃ pitaraṃ āśayet

    But if the (sacrificer s) father is living, he must offer (the cakes) to three remoter (ancestors) ; or he may also feed his father at the funeral sacri- fice as (one of the) Brahma/za (guests).

  220. 3.221

    पिता यस्य निवृत्तः स्याज्जीवेच्चापि पितामहः ।पितुः स नाम सङ्कीर्त्य कीर्तयेत्प्रपितामहम्

    pitā yasya nivṛttaḥ syājjīveccāpi pitāmahaḥ |pituḥ sa nāma saṅkīrtya kīrtayetprapitāmaham

    But he whose father is dead, while his grand- father lives, shall, after pronouncing his father's name, mention (that of) his great-grandfather.

  221. 3.222

    पितामहो वा तच्छ्राद्धं भुञ्जीतेत्यब्रवीन्मनुः ।कामं वा समनुज्ञातः स्वयं एव समाचरेत्

    pitāmaho vā tacchrāddhaṃ bhuñjītetyabravīnmanuḥ |kāmaṃ vā samanujñātaḥ svayaṃ eva samācaret

    Manu has declared that either the grand- father may eat at that 6Yaddha (as a guest), or (the and afterwards, ' Adoration to you, oh manes ! ' &c. Before he recites the latter texts, the worshipper must turn round towards the south.

  222. 3.223

    तेषां दत्त्वा तु हस्तेषु सपवित्रं तिलोदकम् ।तत्पिण्डाग्रं प्रयच्छेत स्वधैषां अस्त्विति ब्रुवन्

    teṣāṃ dattvā tu hasteṣu sapavitraṃ tilodakam |tatpiṇḍāgraṃ prayaccheta svadhaiṣāṃ astviti bruvan

    Having poured water mixed with sesamum, in which a blade of Kusa. grass has been placed, into the hands of the (guests), he shall give (to each) that (above-mentioned) portion of the cake, saying,

  223. 3.224

    पाणिभ्यां तूपसंगृह्य स्वयं अन्नस्य वर्धितम् ।विप्रान्तिके पितॄन्ध्यायन्शनकैरुपनिक्षिपेत्

    pāṇibhyāṃ tūpasaṃgṛhya svayaṃ annasya vardhitam |viprāntike pitṝndhyāyanśanakairupanikṣipet

    But carrying (the vessel) filled with food with both hands, the (sacrificer) himself shall gently place it before the Brahma^as, meditating on the manes.

  224. 3.225

    उभयोर्हस्तयोर्मुक्तं यदन्नं उपनीयते ।तद्विप्रलुम्पन्त्यसुराः सहसा दुष्टचेतसः

    ubhayorhastayormuktaṃ yadannaṃ upanīyate |tadvipralumpantyasurāḥ sahasā duṣṭacetasaḥ

    The malevolent Asuras forcibly snatch away that food which is brought without being held with both hands.

  225. 3.226

    गुणांश्च सूपशाकाद्यान्पयो दधि घृतं मधु ।विन्यसेत्प्रयतः पूर्वं भूमावेव समाहितः

    guṇāṃśca sūpaśākādyānpayo dadhi ghṛtaṃ madhu |vinyasetprayataḥ pūrvaṃ bhūmāveva samāhitaḥ

    Let him, being pure and attentive, carefully place on the ground the seasoning (for the rice), such as broths and pot herbs, sweet and sour milk, and honey,

  226. 3.227

    भक्ष्यं भोज्यं च विविधं मूलानि च फलानि च ।हृद्यानि चैव मांसानि पानानि सुरभीणि च

    bhakṣyaṃ bhojyaṃ ca vividhaṃ mūlāni ca phalāni ca |hṛdyāni caiva māṃsāni pānāni surabhīṇi ca

    (As well as) various (kinds of) hard food which require mastication, and of soft food, roots, fruits, savoury meat, and fragrant drinks.

  227. 3.228

    उपनीय तु तत्सर्वं शनकैः सुसमाहितः ।परिवेषयेत प्रयतो गुणान्सर्वान्प्रचोदयन्

    upanīya tu tatsarvaṃ śanakaiḥ susamāhitaḥ |pariveṣayeta prayato guṇānsarvānpracodayan

    All this he shall present (to his guests), and, being pure and attentive, successively invite them to partake of each (dish), proclaiming its qualities. ^

  228. 3.229

    नास्रं आपातयेज्जातु न कुप्येन्नानृतं वदेत् ।न पादेन स्पृशेदन्नं न चैतदवधूनयेत्

    nāsraṃ āpātayejjātu na kupyennānṛtaṃ vadet |na pādena spṛśedannaṃ na caitadavadhūnayet

    Let him on no account drop a tear, become angry or utter an untruth, nor let him touch the j\\ food with his foot nor violently shake it. \))D^T

  229. 3.230

    अस्रं गमयति प्रेतान्कोपोऽरीननृतं शुनः ।पादस्पर्शस्तु रक्षांसि दुष्कृतीनवधूननम्

    asraṃ gamayati pretānkopo'rīnanṛtaṃ śunaḥ |pādasparśastu rakṣāṃsi duṣkṛtīnavadhūnanam

    A tear sends the (food) to the Pretas, anger to his enemies, a falsehood to the dogs, contact with his foot to the Rakshasas, a shaking to the sinners.

  230. 3.231

    यद्यद्रोचेत विप्रेभ्यस्तत्तद्दद्यादमत्सरः ।ब्रह्मोद्याश्च कथाः कुर्यात्पितॄणां एतदीप्सितम्

    yadyadroceta viprebhyastattaddadyādamatsaraḥ |brahmodyāśca kathāḥ kuryātpitṝṇāṃ etadīpsitam

    Whatever may please the Brahma/zas, let him give without grudging it ; let him give riddles from the Veda, for that is agreeable to the manes.

  231. 3.232

    स्वाध्यायं श्रावयेत्पित्र्ये धर्मशास्त्राणि चैव हि ।आख्यानानीतिहासांश्च पुराणानि खिलानि च

    svādhyāyaṃ śrāvayetpitrye dharmaśāstrāṇi caiva hi |ākhyānānītihāsāṃśca purāṇāni khilāni ca

    At a (sacrifice in honour) of the manes, he must let (his guests) hear the Veda, the Institutes of the sacred law, legends, tales, Pura^as, and Khilas.

  232. 3.233

    हर्षयेद्ब्राह्मणांस्तुष्टो भोजयेच्च शनैःशनैः ।अन्नाद्येनासकृच्चैतान्गुणैश्च परिचोदयेत्

    harṣayedbrāhmaṇāṃstuṣṭo bhojayecca śanaiḥśanaiḥ |annādyenāsakṛccaitānguṇaiśca paricodayet

    Himself being delighted, let him give delight to the Brahma;zas, cause them to partake gradually and slowly (of each dish), and repeatedly invite (them to eat) by (offering) the food and (praising)

  233. 3.234

    व्रतस्थं अपि दौहित्रं श्राद्धे यत्नेन भोजयेत् ।कुतपं चासनं दद्यात्तिलैश्च विकिरेन्महीम्

    vratasthaṃ api dauhitraṃ śrāddhe yatnena bhojayet |kutapaṃ cāsanaṃ dadyāttilaiśca vikirenmahīm

    Let him eagerly entertain at a funeral sacri- fice a daughter's son, though he be a student, and let him place a Nepal blanket on the seat (of each guest), scattering sesamum grains on. the ground.

  234. 3.235

    त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रः कुतपस्तिलाः ।त्रीणि चात्र प्रशंसन्ति शौचं अक्रोधं अत्वराम्

    trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraḥ kutapastilāḥ |trīṇi cātra praśaṃsanti śaucaṃ akrodhaṃ atvarām

    There are three means of sanctification, (to be used) at a 6raddha, a daughter's son, a Nepal blanket, and sesamum grains ; and they recommend three (other things) for it, cleanliness, suppression

  235. 3.236

    अत्युष्णं सर्वं अन्नं स्याद्भुञ्जीरंस्ते च वाग्यताः ।न च द्विजातयो ब्रूयुर्दात्रा पृष्टा हविर्गुणान्

    atyuṣṇaṃ sarvaṃ annaṃ syādbhuñjīraṃste ca vāgyatāḥ |na ca dvijātayo brūyurdātrā pṛṣṭā havirguṇān

    All the food must be very hot, and the (guests) shall eat in silence ; (even though) asked by the giver (of the feast), the Brahma^as shall not proclaim the qualities of the sacrificial food.

  236. 3.237

    यावदुष्मा भवत्यन्नं यावदश्नन्ति वाग्यताः ।पितरस्तावदश्नन्ति यावन्नोक्ता हविर्गुणाः

    yāvaduṣmā bhavatyannaṃ yāvadaśnanti vāgyatāḥ |pitarastāvadaśnanti yāvannoktā havirguṇāḥ

    As long as the food remains warm, as long as they eat in silence, as long as the qualities of the food are not proclaimed, so long the manes partake (of it).

  237. 3.238

    यद्वेष्टितशिरा भुङ्क्ते यद्भुङ्क्ते दक्षिणामुखः ।सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते तद्वै रक्षांसि भुञ्जते

    yadveṣṭitaśirā bhuṅkte yadbhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ |sopānatkaśca yadbhuṅkte tadvai rakṣāṃsi bhuñjate

    What (a guest) eats, covering his head, what he eats with his face turned towards the south, what he eats with sandals on (his feet), that the Rakshasas consume.

  238. 3.239

    चाण्डालश्च वराहश्च कुक्कुटः श्वा तथैव च ।रजस्वला च षण्ढश्च नेक्षेरन्नश्नतो द्विजान्

    cāṇḍālaśca varāhaśca kukkuṭaḥ śvā tathaiva ca |rajasvalā ca ṣaṇḍhaśca nekṣerannaśnato dvijān

    Ap. II, 17, 20; Gaut. XV, 24.

  239. 3.240

    होमे प्रदाने भोज्ये च यदेभिरभिवीक्ष्यते ।दैवे हविषि पित्र्ये वा तद्गच्छत्ययथातथम्

    home pradāne bhojye ca yadebhirabhivīkṣyate |daive haviṣi pitrye vā tadgacchatyayathātatham

    What (any of) these sees at a burnt-oblation, at a (solemn) gift, at a dinner (given to Brahma/zas), or at any rite in honour of the gods and manes, that produces not the intended result.

  240. 3.241

    घ्राणेन सूकरो हन्ति पक्षवातेन कुक्कुटः ।श्वा तु दृष्टिनिपातेन स्पर्शेणावरवर्णजः

    ghrāṇena sūkaro hanti pakṣavātena kukkuṭaḥ |śvā tu dṛṣṭinipātena sparśeṇāvaravarṇajaḥ

    A boar makes (the rite) useless by inhaling the smell (of the offerings), a cock by the air of his wings, a dog by throwing his eye (on them), a low- caste man by touching (them).

  241. 3.242

    खञ्जो वा यदि वा काणो दातुः प्रेष्योऽपि वा भवेत् ।हीनातिरिक्तगात्रो वा तं अप्यपनयेत्पुनः

    khañjo vā yadi vā kāṇo dātuḥ preṣyo'pi vā bhavet |hīnātiriktagātro vā taṃ apyapanayetpunaḥ

    If a lame man, a one-eyed man, one deficient

  242. 3.243

    ब्राह्मणं भिक्षुकं वापि भोजनार्थं उपस्थितम् ।ब्राह्मणैरभ्यनुज्ञातः शक्तितः प्रतिपूजयेत्

    brāhmaṇaṃ bhikṣukaṃ vāpi bhojanārthaṃ upasthitam |brāhmaṇairabhyanujñātaḥ śaktitaḥ pratipūjayet

    To a Brahma/za (householder), or to an ascetic who comes for food, he may, with the per- mission of (his) Brahma^a (guests), show honour according to his ability.

  243. 3.244

    सार्ववर्णिकं अन्नाद्यं संनीयाप्लाव्य वारिणा ।समुत्सृजेद्भुक्तवतां अग्रतो विकिरन्भुवि

    sārvavarṇikaṃ annādyaṃ saṃnīyāplāvya vāriṇā |samutsṛjedbhuktavatāṃ agrato vikiranbhuvi

    Let him mix all the kinds of food together, sprinkle them with water and put them, scattering them (on Kusa grass), down on the ground in front of (his guests), when they have finished their meal.

  244. 3.245

    असंस्कृतप्रमीतानां त्यागिनां कुलयोषिताम् ।उच्छिष्टं भागधेयं स्याद्दर्भेषु विकिरश्च यः

    asaṃskṛtapramītānāṃ tyāgināṃ kulayoṣitām |ucchiṣṭaṃ bhāgadheyaṃ syāddarbheṣu vikiraśca yaḥ

    The remnant (in the dishes), and the portion scattered on Kusa grass, shall be the share of deceased (children) who received not the sacrament (of cremation) and of those who (unjustly) forsook

  245. 3.246

    उच्छेषणां भूमिगतं अजिह्मस्याशठस्य च ।दासवर्गस्य तत्पित्र्ये भागधेयं प्रचक्षते

    uccheṣaṇāṃ bhūmigataṃ ajihmasyāśaṭhasya ca |dāsavargasya tatpitrye bhāgadheyaṃ pracakṣate

    They declare the fragments which have fallen on the ground at a (^Sraddha) to the manes, to be the share of honest, dutiful servants. the word api, ' even,' indicates that others, e. g. *Sudras, must also

  246. 3.247

    आसपिण्डक्रियाकर्म द्विजातेः संस्थितस्य तु ।अदैवं भोजयेच्छ्राद्धं पिण्डं एकं च निर्वपेत्

    āsapiṇḍakriyākarma dvijāteḥ saṃsthitasya tu |adaivaṃ bhojayecchrāddhaṃ piṇḍaṃ ekaṃ ca nirvapet

    But before the performance of the Sapi^i- kara/za, one must feed at the funeral sacrifice in honour of a (recently-) deceased Aryan (one Brah- ma/za) without (making an offering) to the gods, and

  247. 3.248

    सहपिण्डक्रियायां तु कृतायां अस्य धर्मतः ।अनयैवावृता कार्यं पिण्डनिर्वपनं सुतैः

    sahapiṇḍakriyāyāṃ tu kṛtāyāṃ asya dharmataḥ |anayaivāvṛtā kāryaṃ piṇḍanirvapanaṃ sutaiḥ

    But after the Sapi^ikara^a of the (deceased father) has been performed according to the sacred law, the sons must offer the cakes with those cere- monies, (described above.)

  248. 3.249

    श्राद्धं भुक्त्वा य उच्छिष्टं वृषलाय प्रयच्छति ।स मूढो नरकं याति कालसूत्रं अवाक्शिराः

    śrāddhaṃ bhuktvā ya ucchiṣṭaṃ vṛṣalāya prayacchati |sa mūḍho narakaṃ yāti kālasūtraṃ avākśirāḥ

    The foolish man who, after having eaten a •Sriddha(-dinner), gives the leavings to a .Sudra, falls headlong into the Kalasutra hell.

  249. 3.250

    श्राद्धभुग्वृषलीतल्पं तदहर्योऽधिगच्छति ।तस्याः पुरीषे तं मासं पितरस्तस्य शेरते

    śrāddhabhugvṛṣalītalpaṃ tadaharyo'dhigacchati |tasyāḥ purīṣe taṃ māsaṃ pitarastasya śerate

    If the partaker of a .Sraddha(-dinner) enters on the same day the bed of a ,5udra female, the manes of his (ancestors) will lie during that month in her ordure.

  250. 3.251

    पृष्ट्वा स्वदितं इत्येवं तृप्तानाचामयेत्ततः ।आचान्तांश्चानुजानीयादभितो रम्यतां इति

    pṛṣṭvā svaditaṃ ityevaṃ tṛptānācāmayettataḥ |ācāntāṃścānujānīyādabhito ramyatāṃ iti

    Having addressed the question, ' Have you dined well V (to his guests), let him give water for sipping to them who are satisfied, and dismiss them, after they have sipped water, (with the words) ' Rest

  251. 3.252

    स्वधास्त्वित्येव तं ब्रूयुर्ब्राह्मणास्तदनन्तरम् ।स्वधाकारः परा ह्याषीः सर्वेषु पितृकर्मसु

    svadhāstvityeva taṃ brūyurbrāhmaṇāstadanantaram |svadhākāraḥ parā hyāṣīḥ sarveṣu pitṛkarmasu

    The Brahma^a (guests) shall then answer him, ' Let there be Svadha ;' for at all rites in honour of the manes the word Svadha is the highest benison.

  252. 3.253

    ततो भुक्तवतां तेषां अन्नशेषं निवेदयेत् ।यथा ब्रूयुस्तथा कुर्यादनुज्ञातस्ततो द्विजैः

    tato bhuktavatāṃ teṣāṃ annaśeṣaṃ nivedayet |yathā brūyustathā kuryādanujñātastato dvijaiḥ

    Next let him inform (his guests) who have finished their meal, of the food which remains ; with the permission of the Brahma^as let him dispose (of that), as they may direct.

  253. 3.254

    पित्र्ये स्वदितं इत्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुशृतम् ।संपन्नं इत्यभ्युदये दैवे रुचितं इत्यपि

    pitrye svaditaṃ ityeva vācyaṃ goṣṭhe tu suśṛtam |saṃpannaṃ ityabhyudaye daive rucitaṃ ityapi

    At a (6Yaddha) in honour of the manes one must use (in asking the guests if they are satisfied, the word) svaditam ; at a Gosh/^i-^rraddha, (the word) sumitam ; at a Wz'ddhi-jraddha, (the word )sampan-

  254. 3.255

    अपराह्णस्तथा दर्भा वास्तुसंपादनं तिलाः ।सृष्टिर्मृष्टिर्द्विजाश्चाग्र्याः श्राद्धकर्मसु संपदः

    aparāhṇastathā darbhā vāstusaṃpādanaṃ tilāḥ |sṛṣṭirmṛṣṭirdvijāścāgryāḥ śrāddhakarmasu saṃpadaḥ

    The afternoon, Ku^a grass, the due prepara- tion of the dwelling, sesamum grains, liberality, the careful preparation of the food, and (the company of) distinguished Brahma^as are true riches at all

  255. 3.256

    दर्भाः पवित्रं पूर्वाह्णो हविष्याणि च सर्वशः ।पवित्रं यच्च पूर्वोक्तं विज्ञेया हव्यसंपदः

    darbhāḥ pavitraṃ pūrvāhṇo haviṣyāṇi ca sarvaśaḥ |pavitraṃ yacca pūrvoktaṃ vijñeyā havyasaṃpadaḥ

    Know that Kusa. grass, purificatory (texts), the morning, sacrificial viands of all kinds, and those means of purification, mentioned above, are blessings at a sacrifice to the gods.

  256. 3.257

    मुन्यन्नानि पयः सोमो मांसं यच्चानुपस्कृतम् ।अक्सारलवणं चैव प्रकृत्या हविरुच्यते

    munyannāni payaḥ somo māṃsaṃ yaccānupaskṛtam |aksāralavaṇaṃ caiva prakṛtyā havirucyate

    The food eaten by hermits in the forest, milk, Soma-juice, meat which is not prepared (with spices), and salt unprepared by art, are called, on account of their nature, sacrificial food.

  257. 3.258

    विसृज्य ब्राह्मणांस्तांस्तु नियतो वाग्यतः शुचिः ।दक्षिणां दिशं आकाङ्क्षन्याचेतेमान्वरान्पितॄन्

    visṛjya brāhmaṇāṃstāṃstu niyato vāgyataḥ śuciḥ |dakṣiṇāṃ diśaṃ ākāṅkṣanyācetemānvarānpitṝn

    Having dismissed the (invited) Brahma/zas, let him, with a concentrated mind, silent and pure, look towards the south and ask these blessings of the manes :

  258. 3.259

    दातारो नोऽभिवर्धन्तां वेदाः संततिरेव च ।श्रद्धा च नो मा व्यगमद्बहुदेयं च नोऽस्त्विति

    dātāro no'bhivardhantāṃ vedāḥ saṃtatireva ca |śraddhā ca no mā vyagamadbahudeyaṃ ca no'stviti

    A Aa#dala, a village pig, a cock, a dog, a | menstruating woman, and a eunuch must not look at the Brahma^as while they eat. >^jf

  259. 3.260

    एवं निर्वपणं कृत्वा पिण्डांस्तांस्तदनन्तरम् ।गां विप्रं अजं अग्निं वा प्राशयेदप्सु वा क्षिपेत्

    evaṃ nirvapaṇaṃ kṛtvā piṇḍāṃstāṃstadanantaram |gāṃ vipraṃ ajaṃ agniṃ vā prāśayedapsu vā kṣipet

    Having thus offered (the cakes), let him, after (the prayer), cause a cow, a Brahma^a, a goat, or the sacred fire to consume those cakes, or let him throw them into water.

  260. 3.261

    पिण्डनिर्वपणं के चित्परस्तादेव कुर्वते ।वयोभिः खादयन्त्यन्ये प्रक्षिपन्त्यनलेऽप्सु वा

    piṇḍanirvapaṇaṃ ke citparastādeva kurvate |vayobhiḥ khādayantyanye prakṣipantyanale'psu vā

    Some make the offering of the cakes after (the dinner); some cause (them) to be eaten by birds or throw them into fire or into water. and so forth.' Nand. reads havishyam fa jaktita^, ' sacrificial viands

  261. 3.262

    पतिव्रता धर्मपत्नी पितृपूजनतत्परा ।मध्यमं तु ततः पिण्डं अद्यात्सम्यक्सुतार्थिनी

    pativratā dharmapatnī pitṛpūjanatatparā |madhyamaṃ tu tataḥ piṇḍaṃ adyātsamyaksutārthinī

    The (sacrificer's) first wife, who is faithful and intent on the worship of the manes, may eat the middle-most cake, (if she be) desirous of bearing a son.

  262. 3.263

    आयुष्मन्तं सुतं सूते यशोमेधासमन्वितम् ।धनवन्तं प्रजावन्तं सात्त्विकं धार्मिकं तथा

    āyuṣmantaṃ sutaṃ sūte yaśomedhāsamanvitam |dhanavantaṃ prajāvantaṃ sāttvikaṃ dhārmikaṃ tathā

    (Thus) she will bring forth a son who will be long-lived, famous, intelligent, rich, the father of numerous offspring, endowed with (the quality of) goodness, and righteous.

  263. 3.264

    प्रक्साल्य हस्तावाचाम्य ज्ञातिप्रायं प्रकल्पयेत् ।ज्ञातिभ्यः सत्कृतं दत्त्वा बान्धवानपि भोजयेत्

    praksālya hastāvācāmya jñātiprāyaṃ prakalpayet |jñātibhyaḥ satkṛtaṃ dattvā bāndhavānapi bhojayet

    Having washed his hands and sipped water, let him prepare (food) for his paternal relations and, after giving it to them with due respect, let him feed his maternal relatives also.

  264. 3.265

    उच्छेषणं तु तत्तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रा विसर्जिताः ।ततो गृहबलिं कुर्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः

    uccheṣaṇaṃ tu tattiṣṭhedyāvadviprā visarjitāḥ |tato gṛhabaliṃ kuryāditi dharmo vyavasthitaḥ

    But the remnants shall be left {where they lie) until the Brahma^as have been dismissed; afterwards he shall perform the (daily) domestic Bali- offering ; that is a settled (rule of the) sacred law.

  265. 3.266

    हविर्यच्चिररात्राय यच्चानन्त्याय कल्पते ।पितृभ्यो विधिवद्दत्तं तत्प्रवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः

    haviryaccirarātrāya yaccānantyāya kalpate |pitṛbhyo vidhivaddattaṃ tatpravakṣyāmyaśeṣataḥ

    I will now fully declare what kind of sacri- ficial food, given to the manes according to the rule, will serve for a long time or for eternity.

  266. 3.267

    तिलैर्व्रीहियवैर्माषैरद्भिर्मूलफलेन वा ।दत्तेन मासं तृप्यन्ति विधिवत्पितरो नृनाम्

    tilairvrīhiyavairmāṣairadbhirmūlaphalena vā |dattena māsaṃ tṛpyanti vidhivatpitaro nṛnām

    The ancestors of men are satisfied for one month with sesamum grains, rice, barley, masha beans, water, roots, and fruits, which have been given according to the prescribed rule,

  267. 3.268

    द्वौ मासौ मत्स्यमांसेन त्रीन्मासान्हारिणेन तु ।औरभ्रेणाथ चतुरः शाकुनेनाथ पञ्च वै

    dvau māsau matsyamāṃsena trīnmāsānhāriṇena tu |aurabhreṇātha caturaḥ śākunenātha pañca vai

    Two months with fish, three months with the meat of gazelles, four with mutton, and five indeed with the flesh of birds, Nar. and Nand. clearly read purastat, and explain it by prak,

  268. 3.269

    षण्मासांश्छागमांसेन पार्षतेन च सप्त वै ।अष्टावेनस्य मांसेन रौरवेण नवैव तु

    ṣaṇmāsāṃśchāgamāṃsena pārṣatena ca sapta vai |aṣṭāvenasya māṃsena rauraveṇa navaiva tu

    Six months with the flesh of kids, seven with that of spotted deer, eight with that of the black antelope, but nine with that of the (deer called) Ruru,

  269. 3.270

    दशमासांस्तु तृप्यन्ति वराहमहिषामिषैः ।शशकूर्मयोस्तु मांसेन मासानेकादशैव तु

    daśamāsāṃstu tṛpyanti varāhamahiṣāmiṣaiḥ |śaśakūrmayostu māṃsena māsānekādaśaiva tu

    Ten months they are satisfied with the meat of boars and buffaloes, but eleven months indeed with that of hares and tortoises,

  270. 3.271

    संवत्सरं तु गव्येन पयसा पायसेन च ।वार्ध्रीणसस्य मांसेन तृप्तिर्द्वादशवार्षिकी

    saṃvatsaraṃ tu gavyena payasā pāyasena ca |vārdhrīṇasasya māṃsena tṛptirdvādaśavārṣikī

    One year with cow-milk and milk-rice; from the flesh of a long-eared white he-goat their satisfac- tion endures twelve years.

  271. 3.272

    कालशाकं महाशल्काः खङ्गलोहामिषं मधु ।आनन्त्यायैव कल्प्यन्ते मुन्यन्नानि च सर्वशः

    kālaśākaṃ mahāśalkāḥ khaṅgalohāmiṣaṃ madhu |ānantyāyaiva kalpyante munyannāni ca sarvaśaḥ

    The (vegetable called) Kalasaka, (the fish called) Mahasalka, the flesh of a rhinoceros and that of a red goat, and all kinds of food eaten by hermits in the forest serve for an endless time.

  272. 3.273

    यत्किं चिन्मधुना मिश्रं प्रदद्यात्तु त्रयोदशीम् ।तदप्यक्षयं एव स्याद्वर्षासु च मघासु च

    yatkiṃ cinmadhunā miśraṃ pradadyāttu trayodaśīm |tadapyakṣayaṃ eva syādvarṣāsu ca maghāsu ca

    Whatever (food), mixed with honey, one gives on the thirteenth lunar day in the rainy season under the asterism of Magha^, that also procures endless (satisfaction).

  273. 3.274

    अपि नः स कुले भूयाद्यो नो दद्यात्त्रयोदशीम् ।पायसं मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां प्राक्छाये कुञ्जरस्य च

    api naḥ sa kule bhūyādyo no dadyāttrayodaśīm |pāyasaṃ madhusarpirbhyāṃ prākchāye kuñjarasya ca

    Vi. LXXVIII, 51-52 ; Vas. XI, 40. Gov. omits this verse.

  274. 3.275

    यद्यद्ददाति विधिवत्सम्यक्श्रद्धासमन्वितः ।तत्तत्पितॄणां भवति परत्रानन्तं अक्षयम्

    yadyaddadāti vidhivatsamyakśraddhāsamanvitaḥ |tattatpitṝṇāṃ bhavati paratrānantaṃ akṣayam

    Whatever (a man), full of faith, duly gives according to the prescribed rule, that becomes in the other world a perpetual and imperishable (gratifica- tion) for the manes.

  275. 3.276

    कृष्णपक्षे दशम्यादौ वर्जयित्वा चतुर्दशीम् ।श्राद्धे प्रशस्तास्तिथयो यथैता न तथेतराः

    kṛṣṇapakṣe daśamyādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm |śrāddhe praśastāstithayo yathaitā na tathetarāḥ

    The days of the dark half of the month, beginning with the tenth, but excepting the four- teenth, are recommended for a funeral sacrifice ; (it is) not thus (with) the others.

  276. 3.277

    युक्षु कुर्वन्दिनर्क्षेषु सर्वान्कामान्समश्नुते ।अयुक्षु तु पितॄन्सर्वान्प्रजां प्राप्नोति पुष्कलाम्

    yukṣu kurvandinarkṣeṣu sarvānkāmānsamaśnute |ayukṣu tu pitṝnsarvānprajāṃ prāpnoti puṣkalām

    He who performs it on the even (lunar) days and under the even constellations, gains (the fulfilment of) all his wishes ; he who honours the manes on odd (lunar days) and under odd (constella-

  277. 3.278

    यथा चैवापरः पक्षः पूर्वपक्षाद्विशिष्यते ।तथा श्राद्धस्य पूर्वाह्णादपराह्णो विशिष्यते

    yathā caivāparaḥ pakṣaḥ pūrvapakṣādviśiṣyate |tathā śrāddhasya pūrvāhṇādaparāhṇo viśiṣyate

    As the second half of the month is prefer- able to the first half, even so the afternoon is better for (the performance of ) a funeral sacrifice than the forenoon.

  278. 3.279

    प्राचीनावीतिना सम्यगपसव्यं अतन्द्रिणा ।पित्र्यं आ निधनात्कार्यं विधिवद्दर्भपाणिना

    prācīnāvītinā samyagapasavyaṃ atandriṇā |pitryaṃ ā nidhanātkāryaṃ vidhivaddarbhapāṇinā

    Let him, untired, duly perform the (rites) in honour of the manes in accordance with the pre- scribed rule, passing the sacred thread over the right shoulder, proceeding from the left to the right

  279. 3.280

    रात्रौ श्राद्धं न कुर्वीत राक्षसी कीर्तिता हि सा ।संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव सूर्ये चैवाचिरोदिते

    rātrau śrāddhaṃ na kurvīta rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā |saṃdhyayorubhayoścaiva sūrye caivācirodite

    Let him not perform a funeral sacrifice at night, because the (night) is declared to belong to the Rakshasas, nor in the twilight, nor when the sun has just risen.

  280. 3.281

    अनेन विधिना श्राद्धं त्रिरब्दस्येह निर्वपेत् ।हेमन्तग्रीष्मवर्षासु पाञ्चयज्ञिकं अन्वहम्

    anena vidhinā śrāddhaṃ trirabdasyeha nirvapet |hemantagrīṣmavarṣāsu pāñcayajñikaṃ anvaham

    Let him offer here below a funeral sacrifice, according to the rule given above, (at least) thrice a year, in winter, in summer, and in the rainy season, but that which is included among the five great

  281. 3.282

    न पैतृयज्ञियो होमो लौकिकेऽग्नौ विधीयते ।न दर्शेन विना श्राद्धं आहिताग्नेर्द्विजन्मनः

    na paitṛyajñiyo homo laukike'gnau vidhīyate |na darśena vinā śrāddhaṃ āhitāgnerdvijanmanaḥ

    The burnt-oblation, offered at a sacrifice to the manes, must not be made in a common fire ; a Brahma^a who keeps a sacred fire (shall) not (per- form) a funeral sacrifice except on the new-moon

  282. 3.283

    यदेव तर्पयत्यद्भिः पितॄन्स्नात्वा द्विजोत्तमः ।तेनैव कृत्स्नं आप्नोति पितृयज्ञक्रियाफलम्

    yadeva tarpayatyadbhiḥ pitṝnsnātvā dvijottamaḥ |tenaiva kṛtsnaṃ āpnoti pitṛyajñakriyāphalam

    Even when a Brahma^a, after bathing, satis- fies the manes with water, he obtains thereby the whole reward for the performance of the (daily) •Sraddha.

  283. 3.284

    वसून्वदन्ति तु पितॄन्रुद्रांश्चैव पितामहान् ।प्रपितामहांस्तथादित्यान्श्रुतिरेषा सनातनी

    vasūnvadanti tu pitṝnrudrāṃścaiva pitāmahān |prapitāmahāṃstathādityānśrutireṣā sanātanī

    They call (the manes of) fathers Vasus, (those of) grandfathers Rudras, and (those of) great- grandfathers Adityas ; thus (speaks) the eternal Veda.

  284. 3.285

    विघसाशी भवेन्नित्यं नित्यं वामृतभोजनः ।विघसो भुक्तशेषं तु यज्ञशेषं तथामृतम्

    vighasāśī bhavennityaṃ nityaṃ vāmṛtabhojanaḥ |vighaso bhuktaśeṣaṃ tu yajñaśeṣaṃ tathāmṛtam

    Let him daily partake of the vighasa and daily eat amrzta (ambrosia); but vighasa is what remains from the meal (of Brahma^a guests) and the remainder of a sacrifice (is called) amnta.

  285. 3.286

    एतद्वोऽभिहितं सर्वं विधानं पाञ्चयज्ञिकम् ।द्विजातिमुख्यवृत्तीनां विधानं श्रूयतां इति

    etadvo'bhihitaṃ sarvaṃ vidhānaṃ pāñcayajñikam |dvijātimukhyavṛttīnāṃ vidhānaṃ śrūyatāṃ iti

    Thus all the ordinances relating to the five (daily great) sacrifices have been declared to you ; hear now the law for the manner of living fit for Brahma^as.

Commentary

285 verses, 275 aligned to Bühler's 1886 English translation. Manusmriti is one of the more ideologically loaded texts in the Indian canon — its rules on caste, gender, and punishment have been read in radically different ways across time. We host the public-domain Bühler; modern critical translations (Olivelle 2005) include important historical context.