Manusmriti (Laws of Manu) · Chapter 7
Adhyaya 7: Duties of a King
Translated by Georg Bühler (1886, Sacred Books of the East Vol 25, public domain), 1886. Public domain.
- 7.1
राजधर्मान्प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावृत्तो भवेन्नृपः ।संभवश्च यथा तस्य सिद्धिश्च परमा यथा
rājadharmānpravakṣyāmi yathāvṛtto bhavennṛpaḥ |saṃbhavaśca yathā tasya siddhiśca paramā yathā
A king, desirous of investigating law cases, must enter his court of justice, preserving a digni- fied demeanour, together with Brahma^as and with experienced councillors.
- 7.2
ब्राह्मं प्राप्तेन संस्कारं क्षत्रियेण यथाविधि ।सर्वस्यास्य यथान्यायं कर्तव्यं परिरक्षणम्
brāhmaṃ prāptena saṃskāraṃ kṣatriyeṇa yathāvidhi |sarvasyāsya yathānyāyaṃ kartavyaṃ parirakṣaṇam
the foe's friend, 3. the friend's friend, 4. the foe's friend's friend; (b) in the rear, 1. he who attacks in the rear (parsrmigraha), 2. he who restrains the latter (akranda), 3, 4. the supporters of these two. All the commentators except Medh. quote Kamandaki more or less
- 7.3
अराजके हि लोकेऽस्मिन्सर्वतो विद्रुतो भयात् ।रक्षार्थं अस्य सर्वस्य राजानं असृजत्प्रभुः
arājake hi loke'sminsarvato vidruto bhayāt |rakṣārthaṃ asya sarvasya rājānaṃ asṛjatprabhuḥ
Daily (deciding) one after another (all cases) which fall under the eighteen titles (of the law) according to principles drawn from local usages and from the Institutes of the sacred law.
- 7.4
इन्द्रानिलयमार्काणां अग्नेश्च वरुणस्य च ।चन्द्रवित्तेशयोश्चैव मात्रा निर्हृत्य शाश्वतीः
indrānilayamārkāṇāṃ agneśca varuṇasya ca |candravitteśayoścaiva mātrā nirhṛtya śāśvatīḥ
Of those (titles) the first is the non-payment of debts, (then follow), (2) deposit and pledge, (3) sale without ownership, (4) concerns among partners, and (5) resumption of gifts,
- 7.5
यस्मादेषां सुरेन्द्राणां मात्राभ्यो निर्मितो नृपः ।तस्मादभिभवत्येष सर्वभूतानि तेजसा
yasmādeṣāṃ surendrāṇāṃ mātrābhyo nirmito nṛpaḥ |tasmādabhibhavatyeṣa sarvabhūtāni tejasā
(6) Non-payment of wages, (7) non-performance of agreements, (8) rescission of sale and purchase, (9) disputes between the owner (of cattle) and his servants,
- 7.6
तपत्यादित्यवच्चैष चक्षूंषि च मनांसि च ।न चैनं भुवि शक्नोति कश्चिदप्यभिवीक्षितुम्
tapatyādityavaccaiṣa cakṣūṃṣi ca manāṃsi ca |na cainaṃ bhuvi śaknoti kaścidapyabhivīkṣitum
(10) Disputes regarding boundaries, (11) assault I and ( 1 2) defamation, (13) theft, (14) robbery and vio- lence, (15) adultery, VIII. 1. Vi. Ill, 72; Yign. I, 359; II, 1; Gaut. XIII, 26;
- 7.7
सोऽग्निर्भवति वायुश्च सोऽर्कः सोमः स धर्मराट् ।स कुबेरः स वरुणः स महेन्द्रः प्रभावतः
so'gnirbhavati vāyuśca so'rkaḥ somaḥ sa dharmarāṭ |sa kuberaḥ sa varuṇaḥ sa mahendraḥ prabhāvataḥ
- 7.8
बालोऽपि नावमान्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः ।महती देवता ह्येषा नररूपेण तिष्ठति
bālo'pi nāvamāntavyo manuṣya iti bhūmipaḥ |mahatī devatā hyeṣā nararūpeṇa tiṣṭhati
- 7.9
एकं एव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् ।कुलं दहति राजाग्निः सपशुद्रव्यसंचयम्
ekaṃ eva dahatyagnirnaraṃ durupasarpiṇam |kulaṃ dahati rājāgniḥ sapaśudravyasaṃcayam
- 7.10
कार्यं सोऽवेक्ष्य शक्तिं च देशकालौ च तत्त्वतः ।कुरुते धर्मसिद्ध्यर्थं विश्वरूपं पुनः पुनः
kāryaṃ so'vekṣya śaktiṃ ca deśakālau ca tattvataḥ |kurute dharmasiddhyarthaṃ viśvarūpaṃ punaḥ punaḥ
- 7.11
यस्य प्रसादे पद्मा श्रीर्विजयश्च पराक्रमे ।मृत्युश्च वसति क्रोधे सर्वतेजोमयो हि सः
yasya prasāde padmā śrīrvijayaśca parākrame |mṛtyuśca vasati krodhe sarvatejomayo hi saḥ
- 7.12
तं यस्तु द्वेष्टि संमोहात्स विनश्यत्यसंशयम् ।तस्य ह्याशु विनाशाय राजा प्रकुरुते मनः
taṃ yastu dveṣṭi saṃmohātsa vinaśyatyasaṃśayam |tasya hyāśu vināśāya rājā prakurute manaḥ
- 7.13
तस्माद्धर्मं यं इष्टेषु स व्यवस्येन्नराधिपः ।अनिष्टं चाप्यनिष्टेषु तं धर्मं न विचालयेत्
tasmāddharmaṃ yaṃ iṣṭeṣu sa vyavasyennarādhipaḥ |aniṣṭaṃ cāpyaniṣṭeṣu taṃ dharmaṃ na vicālayet
- 7.14
तस्यार्थे सर्वभूतानां गोप्तारं धर्मं आत्मजम् ।ब्रह्मतेजोमयं दण्डं असृजत्पूर्वं ईश्वरः
tasyārthe sarvabhūtānāṃ goptāraṃ dharmaṃ ātmajam |brahmatejomayaṃ daṇḍaṃ asṛjatpūrvaṃ īśvaraḥ
- 7.15
तस्य सर्वाणि भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ।भयाद्भोगाय कल्पन्ते स्वधर्मान्न चलन्ति च
tasya sarvāṇi bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca |bhayādbhogāya kalpante svadharmānna calanti ca
- 7.16
तं देशकालौ शक्तिं च विद्यां चावेक्ष्य तत्त्वतः ।यथार्हतः संप्रणयेन्नरेष्वन्यायवर्तिषु
taṃ deśakālau śaktiṃ ca vidyāṃ cāvekṣya tattvataḥ |yathārhataḥ saṃpraṇayennareṣvanyāyavartiṣu
- 7.17
स राजा पुरुषो दण्डः स नेता शासिता च सः ।चतुर्णां आश्रमाणां च धर्मस्य प्रतिभूः स्मृतः
sa rājā puruṣo daṇḍaḥ sa netā śāsitā ca saḥ |caturṇāṃ āśramāṇāṃ ca dharmasya pratibhūḥ smṛtaḥ
- 7.18
दण्डः शास्ति प्रजाः सर्वा दण्ड एवाभिरक्षति ।दण्डः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्मं विदुर्बुधाः
daṇḍaḥ śāsti prajāḥ sarvā daṇḍa evābhirakṣati |daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ vidurbudhāḥ
- 7.19
समीक्ष्य स धृतः सम्यक्सर्वा रञ्जयति प्रजाः ।असमीक्ष्य प्रणीतस्तु विनाशयति सर्वतः
samīkṣya sa dhṛtaḥ samyaksarvā rañjayati prajāḥ |asamīkṣya praṇītastu vināśayati sarvataḥ
- 7.20
यदि न प्रणयेद्राजा दण्डं दण्ड्येष्वतन्द्रितः ।शूले मत्स्यानिवापक्ष्यन्दुर्बलान्बलवत्तराः
yadi na praṇayedrājā daṇḍaṃ daṇḍyeṣvatandritaḥ |śūle matsyānivāpakṣyandurbalānbalavattarāḥ
- 7.21
अद्यात्काकः पुरोडाशं श्वा च लिह्याद्धविस्तथा ।स्वाम्यं च न स्यात्कस्मिंश्चित्प्रवर्तेताधरोत्तरम्
adyātkākaḥ puroḍāśaṃ śvā ca lihyāddhavistathā |svāmyaṃ ca na syātkasmiṃścitpravartetādharottaram
- 7.22
सर्वो दण्डजितो लोको दुर्लभो हि शुचिर्नरः ।दण्डस्य हि भयात्सर्वं जगद्भोगाय कल्पते
sarvo daṇḍajito loko durlabho hi śucirnaraḥ |daṇḍasya hi bhayātsarvaṃ jagadbhogāya kalpate
- 7.23
देवदानवगन्धर्वा रक्षांसि पतगोरगाः ।तेऽपि भोगाय कल्पन्ते दण्डेनैव निपीडिताः
devadānavagandharvā rakṣāṃsi patagoragāḥ |te'pi bhogāya kalpante daṇḍenaiva nipīḍitāḥ
The commentators quote in explanation of this verse a pas- sage from the Ya^iir-veda, ' Through fear the fire warms, through fear the sun shines, through fear move Indra, the Wind, and Death, as the fifth/
- 7.24
दुष्येयुः सर्ववर्णाश्च भिद्येरन्सर्वसेतवः ।सर्वलोकप्रकोपश्च भवेद्दण्डस्य विभ्रमात्
duṣyeyuḥ sarvavarṇāśca bhidyeransarvasetavaḥ |sarvalokaprakopaśca bhaveddaṇḍasya vibhramāt
- 7.25
यत्र श्यामो लोहिताक्षो दण्डश्चरति पापहा ।प्रजास्तत्र न मुह्यन्ति नेता चेत्साधु पश्यति
yatra śyāmo lohitākṣo daṇḍaścarati pāpahā |prajāstatra na muhyanti netā cetsādhu paśyati
But where Punishment with a black hue and red eyes stalks about, destroying sinners, there the subjects are not disturbed, provided that he who inflicts it discerns well.
- 7.26
तस्याहुः संप्रणेतारं राजानं सत्यवादिनम् ।समीक्ष्यकारिणं प्राज्ञं धर्मकामार्थकोविदम्
tasyāhuḥ saṃpraṇetāraṃ rājānaṃ satyavādinam |samīkṣyakāriṇaṃ prājñaṃ dharmakāmārthakovidam
They declare that king to be a just inflicter of punishment, who is truthful, who acts after due consideration, who is wise, and who knows (the re- spective value of) virtue, pleasure, and wealth.
- 7.27
तं राजा प्रणयन्सम्यक्त्रिवर्गेणाभिवर्धते ।कामात्मा विषमः क्षुद्रो दण्डेनैव निहन्यते
taṃ rājā praṇayansamyaktrivargeṇābhivardhate |kāmātmā viṣamaḥ kṣudro daṇḍenaiva nihanyate
A king who properly inflicts (punishment), prospers with respect to (those) three (means of happiness) ; but he who is voluptuous, partial, and deceitful will be destroyed, even through the (un-
- 7.28
दण्डो हि सुमहत्तेजो दुर्धरश्चाकृतात्मभिः ।धर्माद्विचलितं हन्ति नृपं एव सबान्धवम्
daṇḍo hi sumahattejo durdharaścākṛtātmabhiḥ |dharmādvicalitaṃ hanti nṛpaṃ eva sabāndhavam
Punishment (possesses) a very bright lustre, and is hard to be administered by men with unim- proved minds ; it strikes down the king who swerves from his duty, together with his relatives.
- 7.29
ततो दुर्गं च राष्ट्रं च लोकं च सचराचरम् ।अन्तरिक्षगतांश्चैव मुनीन्देवांश्च पीडयेत्
tato durgaṃ ca rāṣṭraṃ ca lokaṃ ca sacarācaram |antarikṣagatāṃścaiva munīndevāṃśca pīḍayet
Next it will afflict his castles, his territories, the whole world together with the movable and immovable (creation), likewise the sages and the gods, who (on the failure of offerings) ascend to
- 7.30
सोऽसहायेन मूढेन लुब्धेनाकृतबुद्धिना ।न शक्यो न्यायतो नेतुं सक्तेन विषयेषु च
so'sahāyena mūḍhena lubdhenākṛtabuddhinā |na śakyo nyāyato netuṃ saktena viṣayeṣu ca
(Punishment) cannot be inflicted justly by one who has no assistant, (nor) by a fool, (nor) by a covetous man, (nor) by one whose mind is unimproved, (nor) by one addicted to sensual
- 7.31
शुचिना सत्यसंधेन यथाशास्त्रानुसारिणा ।प्रणेतुं शक्यते दण्डः सुसहायेन धीमता
śucinā satyasaṃdhena yathāśāstrānusāriṇā |praṇetuṃ śakyate daṇḍaḥ susahāyena dhīmatā
By him who is pure (and) faithful to his promise, who acts according to the Institutes (of the sacred law), who has good assistants and is wise, punishment can be (justly) inflicted.
- 7.32
स्वराष्ट्रे न्यायवृत्तः स्याद्भृशदण्डश्च शत्रुषु ।सुहृत्स्वजिह्मः स्निग्धेषु ब्राह्मणेषु क्षमान्वितः
svarāṣṭre nyāyavṛttaḥ syādbhṛśadaṇḍaśca śatruṣu |suhṛtsvajihmaḥ snigdheṣu brāhmaṇeṣu kṣamānvitaḥ
Let him act with justice in his own domain, with rigour chastise his enemies, behave without duplicity towards his friends, and be lenient towards Brahma;zas.
- 7.33
एवंवृत्तस्य नृपतेः शिलोञ्छेनापि जीवतः ।विस्तीर्यते यशो लोके तैलबिन्दुरिवाम्भसि
evaṃvṛttasya nṛpateḥ śiloñchenāpi jīvataḥ |vistīryate yaśo loke tailabindurivāmbhasi
The fame of a king who behaves thus, even though he subsist by gleaning, is spread in the world, like a drop of oil on water.
- 7.34
अतस्तु विपरीतस्य नृपतेरजितात्मनः ।संक्षिप्यते यशो लोके घृतबिन्दुरिवाम्भसि
atastu viparītasya nṛpaterajitātmanaḥ |saṃkṣipyate yaśo loke ghṛtabindurivāmbhasi
But the fame of a king who acts in a contrary manner and who does not subdue himself, diminishes in extent among men like a drop of clarified butter in water.
- 7.35
स्वे स्वे धर्मे निविष्टानां सर्वेषां अनुपूर्वशः ।वर्णानां आश्रमाणां च राजा सृष्टोऽभिरक्षिता
sve sve dharme niviṣṭānāṃ sarveṣāṃ anupūrvaśaḥ |varṇānāṃ āśramāṇāṃ ca rājā sṛṣṭo'bhirakṣitā
The king has been created (to be) the protector of the castes (var^a) and orders, who, all according to their rank, discharge their several duties.
- 7.36
तेन यद्यत्सभृत्येन कर्तव्यं रक्षता प्रजाः ।तत्तद्वोऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावदनुपूर्वशः
tena yadyatsabhṛtyena kartavyaṃ rakṣatā prajāḥ |tattadvo'haṃ pravakṣyāmi yathāvadanupūrvaśaḥ
Whatever must be done by him and by his servants for the protection of his people, that I will fully declare to you in due order.
- 7.37
ब्राह्मणान्पर्युपासीत प्रातरुत्थाय पार्थिवः ।त्रैविद्यवृद्धान्विदुषस्तिष्ठेत्तेषां च शासने
brāhmaṇānparyupāsīta prātarutthāya pārthivaḥ |traividyavṛddhānviduṣastiṣṭhetteṣāṃ ca śāsane
Let the king, after rising early in the morn- ing, worship Brahma/zas who are well versed in the threefold sacred science and learned (in polity), and follow their advice. —-*'
- 7.38
वृद्धांश्च नित्यं सेवेत विप्रान्वेदविदः शुचीन् ।वृद्धसेवी हि सततं रक्षोभिरपि पूज्यते
vṛddhāṃśca nityaṃ seveta viprānvedavidaḥ śucīn |vṛddhasevī hi satataṃ rakṣobhirapi pūjyate
Let him daily worship aged Brahma;zas who know the Veda and are pure ; for he who always worships aged men, is honoured even by Rakshasas.
- 7.39
तेभ्योऽधिगच्छेद्विनयं विनीतात्मापि नित्यशः ।विनीतात्मा हि नृपतिर्न विनश्यति कर्हि चित्
tebhyo'dhigacchedvinayaṃ vinītātmāpi nityaśaḥ |vinītātmā hi nṛpatirna vinaśyati karhi cit
Let him, though he may already be modest, constantly learn modesty from them; for a king who is modest never perishes.
- 7.40
बहवोऽविनयान्नष्टा राजानः सपरिच्छदाः ।वनस्था अपि राज्यानि विनयात्प्रतिपेदिरे
bahavo'vinayānnaṣṭā rājānaḥ saparicchadāḥ |vanasthā api rājyāni vinayātpratipedire
Through a want of modesty many kings have perished, together with their belongings ; through modesty even hermits in the forest have gained kingdoms.
- 7.41
वेनो विनष्टोऽविनयान्नहुषश्चैव पार्थिवः ।सुदाः पैजवनश्चैव सुमुखो निमिरेव च
veno vinaṣṭo'vinayānnahuṣaścaiva pārthivaḥ |sudāḥ paijavanaścaiva sumukho nimireva ca
Through a want of humility Vena perished, likewise king Nahusha, Sudas, the son of Pi^avana, Sumukha, and Nemi.
- 7.42
पृथुस्तु विनयाद्राज्यं प्राप्तवान्मनुरेव च ।कुबेरश्च धनैश्वर्यं ब्राह्मण्यं चैव गाधिजः
pṛthustu vinayādrājyaṃ prāptavānmanureva ca |kuberaśca dhanaiśvaryaṃ brāhmaṇyaṃ caiva gādhijaḥ
But by humility Frithu and Manu gained sove- reignty, Kubera the position of the Lord of wealth, and the son of Gadhi the rank of a Brahma^a.
- 7.43
त्रैविद्येभ्यस्त्रयीं विद्यां दण्डनीतिं च शाश्वतीम् ।आन्वीक्षिकीं चात्मविद्यां वार्तारम्भांश्च लोकतः
traividyebhyastrayīṃ vidyāṃ daṇḍanītiṃ ca śāśvatīm |ānvīkṣikīṃ cātmavidyāṃ vārtārambhāṃśca lokataḥ
From those versed in the three Vedas let him learn the threefold (sacred science), the primeval science of government, the science of dialectics, and the knowledge of the (supreme) Soul; from the
- 7.44
इन्द्रियाणां जये योगं समातिष्ठेद्दिवानिशम् ।जितेन्द्रियो हि शक्नोति वशे स्थापयितुं प्रजाः
indriyāṇāṃ jaye yogaṃ samātiṣṭheddivāniśam |jitendriyo hi śaknoti vaśe sthāpayituṃ prajāḥ
Day and night he must strenuously exert him- self to conquer his senses ; for he (alone) who has conquered his own senses, can keep his subjects in obedience.
- 7.45
दश कामसमुत्थानि तथाष्टौ क्रोधजानि च ।व्यसनानि दुरन्तानि प्रयत्नेन विवर्जयेत्
daśa kāmasamutthāni tathāṣṭau krodhajāni ca |vyasanāni durantāni prayatnena vivarjayet
Let him carefully shun the ten vices, springing
- 7.46
कामजेषु प्रसक्तो हि व्यसनेषु महीपतिः ।वियुज्यतेऽर्थधर्माभ्यां क्रोधजेष्वात्मनैव तु
kāmajeṣu prasakto hi vyasaneṣu mahīpatiḥ |viyujyate'rthadharmābhyāṃ krodhajeṣvātmanaiva tu
For a king who is attached to the vices springing from love of pleasure, loses his wealth and his virtue, but (he who is given) to those arising from anger, (loses) even his life.
- 7.47
मृगयाक्षो दिवास्वप्नः परिवादः स्त्रियो मदः ।तौर्यत्रिकं वृथाट्या च कामजो दशको गणः
mṛgayākṣo divāsvapnaḥ parivādaḥ striyo madaḥ |tauryatrikaṃ vṛthāṭyā ca kāmajo daśako gaṇaḥ
Hunting, gambling, sleeping by day, censor i- ousness, (excess with) women, drunkenness, (an inordinate love for) dancing, singing, and music, and useless travel are the tenfold set (of vices)
- 7.48
पैशुन्यं साहसं द्रोह ईर्ष्यासूयार्थदूषणम् ।वाग्दण्डजं च पारुष्यं क्रोधजोऽपि गणोऽष्टकः
paiśunyaṃ sāhasaṃ droha īrṣyāsūyārthadūṣaṇam |vāgdaṇḍajaṃ ca pāruṣyaṃ krodhajo'pi gaṇo'ṣṭakaḥ
Tale-bearing, violence, treachery, envy, slan- dering, (unjust) seizure of property, reviling, and assault are the eightfold set (of vices) produced by wrath.
- 7.49
द्वयोरप्येतयोर्मूलं यं सर्वे कवयो विदुः ।तं यत्नेन जयेल्लोभं तज्जावेतावुभौ गणौ
dvayorapyetayormūlaṃ yaṃ sarve kavayo viduḥ |taṃ yatnena jayellobhaṃ tajjāvetāvubhau gaṇau
That greediness which all wise men declare to be the root even of both these (sets), let him carefully conquer ; both sets (of vices) are produced by that.
- 7.50
पानं अक्षाः स्त्रियश्चैव मृगया च यथाक्रमम् ।एतत्कष्टतमं विद्याच्चतुष्कं कामजे गणे
pānaṃ akṣāḥ striyaścaiva mṛgayā ca yathākramam |etatkaṣṭatamaṃ vidyāccatuṣkaṃ kāmaje gaṇe
Drinking\dicer women, and hunting, these four (which have been enumerated) in succession, he must know to be the most pernicious in the set that springs from love of pleasure,,
- 7.51
दण्डस्य पातनं चैव वाक्पारुष्यार्थदूषणे ।क्रोधजेऽपि गणे विद्यात्कष्टं एतत्त्रिकं सदा
daṇḍasya pātanaṃ caiva vākpāruṣyārthadūṣaṇe |krodhaje'pi gaṇe vidyātkaṣṭaṃ etattrikaṃ sadā
Doing bodily injury, reviling-, and the seizure of property, these three he must know to be the most pernicious in the set produced by .wrath.
- 7.52
सप्तकस्यास्य वर्गस्य सर्वत्रैवानुषङ्गिणः ।पूर्वं पूर्वं गुरुतरं विद्याद्व्यसनं आत्मवान्
saptakasyāsya vargasya sarvatraivānuṣaṅgiṇaḥ |pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ gurutaraṃ vidyādvyasanaṃ ātmavān
A self-controlled (king) should know that in this set of seven, which prevails everywhere, each
- 7.53
व्यसनस्य च मृत्योश्च व्यसनं कष्टं उच्यते ।व्यसन्यधोऽधो व्रजति स्वर्यात्यव्यसनी मृतः
vyasanasya ca mṛtyośca vyasanaṃ kaṣṭaṃ ucyate |vyasanyadho'dho vrajati svaryātyavyasanī mṛtaḥ
(On a comparison) between vice and death, vice is declared to be more pernicious ; a vicious man sinks to the nethermost (hell), he who dies, free from vice, ascends to heaven.
- 7.54
मौलाञ् शास्त्रविदः शूरांल्लब्धलक्षान्कुलोद्भवान् ।सचिवान्सप्त चाष्टौ वा प्रकुर्वीत परीक्षितान्
maulāñ śāstravidaḥ śūrāṃllabdhalakṣānkulodbhavān |sacivānsapta cāṣṭau vā prakurvīta parīkṣitān
Let him appoint seven or eight ministers whose ancestors have been royal servants, who are versed in the sciences, heroes skilled in the use of weapons and descended from (noble) families and
- 7.55
अपि यत्सुकरं कर्म तदप्येकेन दुष्करम् ।विशेषतोऽसहायेन किं तु राज्यं महोदयम्
api yatsukaraṃ karma tadapyekena duṣkaram |viśeṣato'sahāyena kiṃ tu rājyaṃ mahodayam
Even an undertaking easy (in itself) is (some- times) hard to be accomplished by a single man ; how much (harder is it for a king), especially (if he has) no assistant, (to govern) a kingdom which yields
- 7.56
तैः सार्धं चिन्तयेन्नित्यं सामान्यं संधिविग्रहम् ।स्थानं समुदयं गुप्तिं लब्धप्रशमनानि च
taiḥ sārdhaṃ cintayennityaṃ sāmānyaṃ saṃdhivigraham |sthānaṃ samudayaṃ guptiṃ labdhapraśamanāni ca
Let him daily consider with them the ordinary (business, referring to) peace and war, (the four sub- jects called) sthana, the revenue, the (manner of) protecting (himself and his kingdom), and the sanc-
- 7.57
तेषां स्वं स्वं अभिप्रायं उपलभ्य पृथक्पृथक् ।समस्तानां च कार्येषु विदध्याद्धितं आत्मनः
teṣāṃ svaṃ svaṃ abhiprāyaṃ upalabhya pṛthakpṛthak |samastānāṃ ca kāryeṣu vidadhyāddhitaṃ ātmanaḥ
Having (first) ascertained the opinion of each (minister) separately and (then the views) of all together, let him do what is (most) beneficial for him in his affairs.
- 7.58
सर्वेषां तु विशिष्टेन ब्राह्मणेन विपश्चिता ।मन्त्रयेत्परमं मन्त्रं राजा षाड्गुण्यसंयुतम्
sarveṣāṃ tu viśiṣṭena brāhmaṇena vipaścitā |mantrayetparamaṃ mantraṃ rājā ṣāḍguṇyasaṃyutam
But with the most distinguished among them all, a learned Brahma^a, let the king deliberate on the most important affairs which relate to the six measures of royal policy.
- 7.59
नित्यं तस्मिन्समाश्वस्तः सर्वकार्याणि निःक्षिपेत् ।तेन सार्धं विनिश्चित्य ततः कर्म समारभेत्
nityaṃ tasminsamāśvastaḥ sarvakāryāṇi niḥkṣipet |tena sārdhaṃ viniścitya tataḥ karma samārabhet
Let him, full of confidence, always entrust to that (official) all business ; having taken his final resolution with him, let him afterwards begin to act.
- 7.60
अन्यानपि प्रकुर्वीत शुचीन्प्राज्ञानवस्थितान् ।सम्यगर्थसमाहर्तॄनमात्यान्सुपरीक्षितान्
anyānapi prakurvīta śucīnprājñānavasthitān |samyagarthasamāhartṝnamātyānsuparīkṣitān
He must also appoint other officials, (men) of integrity, (who are) wise, firm, well able to collect money, and well tried.
- 7.61
निर्वर्तेतास्य यावद्भिरितिकर्तव्यता नृभिः ।तावतोऽतन्द्रितान्दक्षान्प्रकुर्वीत विचक्षणान्
nirvartetāsya yāvadbhiritikartavyatā nṛbhiḥ |tāvato'tandritāndakṣānprakurvīta vicakṣaṇān
As many persons as the due performance of his business requires, so many skilful and clever (men), free from sloth, let him appoint.
- 7.62
तेषां अर्थे नियुञ्जीत शूरान्दक्षान्कुलोद्गतान् ।शुचीनाकरकर्मान्ते भीरूनन्तर्निवेशने
teṣāṃ arthe niyuñjīta śūrāndakṣānkulodgatān |śucīnākarakarmānte bhīrūnantarniveśane
Among them let him employ the brave, the skilful, the high-born, and the honest in (offices for the collection of) revenue, (e.g.) in mines, manufac- tures, and storehouses, (but) the timid in the interior
- 7.63
दूतं चैव प्रकुर्वीत सर्वशास्त्रविशारदम् ।इङ्गिताकारचेष्टज्ञं शुचिं दक्षं कुलोद्गतम्
dūtaṃ caiva prakurvīta sarvaśāstraviśāradam |iṅgitākāraceṣṭajñaṃ śuciṃ dakṣaṃ kulodgatam
Let him also appoint an ambassador who is versed in all sciences, who understands hints, ex- pressions of the face and gestures, who is honest, skilful, and of (noble) family.
- 7.64
अनुरक्तः शुचिर्दक्षः स्मृतिमान्देशकालवित् ।वपुष्मान्वीतभीर्वाग्मी दूतो राज्ञः प्रशस्यते
anuraktaḥ śucirdakṣaḥ smṛtimāndeśakālavit |vapuṣmānvītabhīrvāgmī dūto rājñaḥ praśasyate
(Such) an ambassador is commended to a king (who is) loyal, honest, skilful, possessing a good memory, who knows the (proper) place and time (for action, who is) handsome, fearless, and eloquent.
- 7.65
अमात्ये दण्ड आयत्तो दण्डे वैनयिकी क्रिया ।नृपतौ कोशराष्ट्रे च दूते संधिविपर्ययौ
amātye daṇḍa āyatto daṇḍe vainayikī kriyā |nṛpatau kośarāṣṭre ca dūte saṃdhiviparyayau
The army depends on the official (placed in charge of it), the due control (of the subjects) on the army, the treasury and the (government of) the realm on the king, peace and its opposite (war) on the
- 7.66
दूत एव हि संधत्ते भिनत्त्येव च संहतान् ।दूतस्तत्कुरुते कर्म भिद्यन्ते येन मानवः
dūta eva hi saṃdhatte bhinattyeva ca saṃhatān |dūtastatkurute karma bhidyante yena mānavaḥ
For the ambassador alone makes (kings') allies and separates allies ; the ambassador transacts that business by which (kings) are disunited or not.
- 7.67
स विद्यादस्य कृत्येषु निर्गूढेङ्गितचेष्टितैः ।आकारं इङ्गितं चेष्टां भृत्येषु च चिकीर्षितम्
sa vidyādasya kṛtyeṣu nirgūḍheṅgitaceṣṭitaiḥ |ākāraṃ iṅgitaṃ ceṣṭāṃ bhṛtyeṣu ca cikīrṣitam
With respect to the affairs let the (ambassador) explore the expression of the countenance, the ges- tures and actions of the (foreign king) through the gestures and actions of his confidential (advisers),
- 7.68
बुद्ध्वा च सर्वं तत्त्वेन परराजचिकीर्षितम् ।तथा प्रयत्नं आतिष्ठेद्यथात्मानं न पीडयेत्
buddhvā ca sarvaṃ tattvena pararājacikīrṣitam |tathā prayatnaṃ ātiṣṭhedyathātmānaṃ na pīḍayet
Having learnt exactly (from his ambassador) the designs of the foreign king, let (the king) take such measures that he does not bring evil on himself.
- 7.69
जाङ्गलं सस्यसंपन्नं आर्यप्रायं अनाविलम् ।रम्यं आनतसामन्तं स्वाजीव्यं देशं आवसेत्
jāṅgalaṃ sasyasaṃpannaṃ āryaprāyaṃ anāvilam |ramyaṃ ānatasāmantaṃ svājīvyaṃ deśaṃ āvaset
Let him settle in a country which is open and has a dry climate, where grain is abundant, which is chiefly (inhabited) by Aryans, not subject to epi- demic diseases (or similar troubles), and pleasant,
- 7.70
धन्वदुर्गं महीदुर्गं अब्दुर्गं वार्क्षं एव वा ।नृदुर्गं गिरिदुर्गं वा समाश्रित्य वसेत्पुरम्
dhanvadurgaṃ mahīdurgaṃ abdurgaṃ vārkṣaṃ eva vā |nṛdurgaṃ giridurgaṃ vā samāśritya vasetpuram
Let him build (there) a town, making for his safety a fortress, protected by a desert, or a fortress built of (stone and) earth, or one protected by water or trees, or one (formed by an encampment of armed)
- 7.71
सर्वेण तु प्रयत्नेन गिरिदुर्गं समाश्रयेत् ।एषां हि बाहुगुण्येन गिरिदुर्गं विशिष्यते
sarveṇa tu prayatnena giridurgaṃ samāśrayet |eṣāṃ hi bāhuguṇyena giridurgaṃ viśiṣyate
Let him make every effort to secure a hill- fort, for amongst all those (fortresses mentioned) a hill-fort is distinguished by many superior qualities.
- 7.72
त्रिण्याद्यान्याश्रितास्त्वेषां मृगगर्ताश्रयाप्चराः ।त्रीण्युत्तराणि क्रमशः प्लवंगमनरामराः
triṇyādyānyāśritāstveṣāṃ mṛgagartāśrayāpcarāḥ |trīṇyuttarāṇi kramaśaḥ plavaṃgamanarāmarāḥ
The first three of those (various kinds of for- tresses) are inhabited by wild beasts, animals living in holes and aquatic animals, the last three by monkeys, men, and gods respectively.
- 7.73
यथा दुर्गाश्रितानेतान्नोपहिंसन्ति शत्रवः ।तथारयो न हिंसन्ति नृपं दुर्गसमाश्रितम्
yathā durgāśritānetānnopahiṃsanti śatravaḥ |tathārayo na hiṃsanti nṛpaṃ durgasamāśritam
- 7.74
एकः शतं योधयति प्राकारस्थो धनुर्धरः ।शतं दशसहस्राणि तस्माद्दुर्गं विधीयते
ekaḥ śataṃ yodhayati prākārastho dhanurdharaḥ |śataṃ daśasahasrāṇi tasmāddurgaṃ vidhīyate
One bowman, placed on a rampart, is a match in battle for one hundred (foes), one hundred for ten
- 7.75
तत्स्यादायुधसंपन्नं धनधान्येन वाहनैः ।ब्राह्मणैः शिल्पिभिर्यन्त्रैर्यवसेनोदकेन च
tatsyādāyudhasaṃpannaṃ dhanadhānyena vāhanaiḥ |brāhmaṇaiḥ śilpibhiryantrairyavasenodakena ca
Let that (fort) be well supplied with weapons, money, grain and beasts of burden, with Brahma^as, with artisans, with engines, with fodder, and with water.
- 7.76
तस्य मध्ये सुपर्याप्तं कारयेद्गृहं आत्मनः ।गुप्तं सर्वर्तुकं शुभ्रं जलवृक्षसमन्वितम्
tasya madhye suparyāptaṃ kārayedgṛhaṃ ātmanaḥ |guptaṃ sarvartukaṃ śubhraṃ jalavṛkṣasamanvitam
Let him cause to be built for himself, in the centre of it, a spacious palace, (well) protected, habitable in every season, resplendent (with white- wash), supplied with water and trees.
- 7.77
तदध्यास्योद्वहेद्भार्यां सवर्णां लक्षणान्विताम् ।कुले महति संभूतां हृद्यां रूपगुणान्वीताम्
tadadhyāsyodvahedbhāryāṃ savarṇāṃ lakṣaṇānvitām |kule mahati saṃbhūtāṃ hṛdyāṃ rūpaguṇānvītām
- 7.78
पुरोहितं च कुर्वीत वृणुयादेव च र्त्विजः ।तेऽस्य गृह्याणि कर्माणि कुर्युर्वैतानिकानि च
purohitaṃ ca kurvīta vṛṇuyādeva ca rtvijaḥ |te'sya gṛhyāṇi karmāṇi kuryurvaitānikāni ca
Let him appoint a domestic priest (purohita) and choose officiating priests (ritvig) ; they shall perform his domestic rites and the (sacrifices) for which three fires are required.
- 7.79
यजेत राजा क्रतुभिर्विविधैराप्तदक्षिणैः ।धर्मार्थं चैव विप्रेभ्यो दद्याद्भोगान्धनानि च
yajeta rājā kratubhirvividhairāptadakṣiṇaiḥ |dharmārthaṃ caiva viprebhyo dadyādbhogāndhanāni ca
A king shall offer various (.Srauta) sacrifices at which liberal fees (are distributed), and in order
- 7.80
सांवत्सरिकं आप्तैश्च राष्ट्रादाहारयेद्बलिम् ।स्याच्चाम्नायपरो लोके वर्तेत पितृवन्नृषु
sāṃvatsarikaṃ āptaiśca rāṣṭrādāhārayedbalim |syāccāmnāyaparo loke varteta pitṛvannṛṣu
Let him cause the annual revenue in his kingdom to be collected by trusty (officials), let him obey the sacred law in (his transactions with) the people, and behave like a father towards all men.
- 7.81
अध्यक्षान्विविधान्कुर्यात्तत्र तत्र विपश्चितः ।तेऽस्य सर्वाण्यवेक्षेरन्नृणां कार्याणि कुर्वताम्
adhyakṣānvividhānkuryāttatra tatra vipaścitaḥ |te'sya sarvāṇyavekṣerannṛṇāṃ kāryāṇi kurvatām
For the various (branches of business) let him appoint intelligent supervisors ; they shall inspect all (the acts) of those men who transact his business.
- 7.82
आवृत्तानां गुरुकुलाद्विप्राणां पूजको भवेत् ।नृपाणां अक्षयो ह्येष निधिर्ब्राह्मोऽभिधीयते
āvṛttānāṃ gurukulādviprāṇāṃ pūjako bhavet |nṛpāṇāṃ akṣayo hyeṣa nidhirbrāhmo'bhidhīyate
Let him honour those Brahma/zas who have returned from their teacher's house (after studying the Veda) ; for that (money which is given) to Brahma^as is declared to be an imperishable trea-
- 7.83
न तं स्तेना न चामित्रा हरन्ति न च नश्यति ।तस्माद्राज्ञा निधातव्यो ब्राह्मणेष्वक्षयो निधिः
na taṃ stenā na cāmitrā haranti na ca naśyati |tasmādrājñā nidhātavyo brāhmaṇeṣvakṣayo nidhiḥ
Neither thieves nor foes can take it, nor can it be lost ; hence an imperishable store must be deposited by kings with Brahma^as.
- 7.84
न स्कन्दते न व्यथते न विनश्यति कर्हि चित् ।वरिष्ठं अग्निहोत्रेभ्यो ब्राह्मणस्य मुखे हुतम्
na skandate na vyathate na vinaśyati karhi cit |variṣṭhaṃ agnihotrebhyo brāhmaṇasya mukhe hutam
The offering made through the mouth of a Brahma/za, which is neither spilt, nor falls (on the ground), nor ever perishes, is far more excellent than Agnihotras.
- 7.85
समं अब्राह्मणे दानं द्विगुणं ब्राह्मणब्रुवे ।प्राधीते शतसाहस्रं अनन्तं वेदपारगे
samaṃ abrāhmaṇe dānaṃ dviguṇaṃ brāhmaṇabruve |prādhīte śatasāhasraṃ anantaṃ vedapārage
A gift to one who is not a Brahma/za (yields) the ordinary (reward; a gift) to one who calls him- self a Brahma^a, a double (reward) ; a gift to a well-
- 7.86
पात्रस्य हि विशेषेण श्रद्दधानतयैव च ।अल्पं वा बहु वा प्रेत्य दानस्य फलं अश्नुते
pātrasya hi viśeṣeṇa śraddadhānatayaiva ca |alpaṃ vā bahu vā pretya dānasya phalaṃ aśnute
For according to the particular qualities of the recipient and according to the faith (of the giver) a small or a great reward will be obtained for a gift in the next world.
- 7.87
समोत्तमाधमै राजा त्वाहूतः पालयन्प्रजाः ।न निवर्तेत संग्रामात्क्षात्रं धर्मं अनुस्मरन्
samottamādhamai rājā tvāhūtaḥ pālayanprajāḥ |na nivarteta saṃgrāmātkṣātraṃ dharmaṃ anusmaran
A king who, while he protects his people, is defied by (foes), be they equal in strength, or stronger, or weaker, must not shrink from battle, remembering the duty of Kshatriyas.
- 7.88
संग्रामेष्वनिवर्तित्वं प्रजानां चैव पालनम् ।शुश्रूषा ब्राह्मणानां च राज्ञां श्रेयस्करं परम्
saṃgrāmeṣvanivartitvaṃ prajānāṃ caiva pālanam |śuśrūṣā brāhmaṇānāṃ ca rājñāṃ śreyaskaraṃ param
Not to turn back in battle, to protect the people, to honour the Bralima/zas, is the best means for a king to secure happiness.
- 7.89
आहवेषु मिथोऽन्योन्यं जिघांसन्तो महीक्षितः ।युध्यमानाः परं शक्त्या स्वर्गं यान्त्यपराङ्मुखाः
āhaveṣu mitho'nyonyaṃ jighāṃsanto mahīkṣitaḥ |yudhyamānāḥ paraṃ śaktyā svargaṃ yāntyaparāṅmukhāḥ
Those kings who, seeking to slay each other in battle, fight with the utmost exertion and do not turn back, go to heaven.
- 7.90
न कूटैरायुधैर्हन्याद्युध्यमानो रणे रिपून् ।न कर्णिभिर्नापि दिग्धैर्नाग्निज्वलिततेजनैः
na kūṭairāyudhairhanyādyudhyamāno raṇe ripūn |na karṇibhirnāpi digdhairnāgnijvalitatejanaiḥ
When he fights with his foes in battle, let him not strike with weapons concealed (in wood), nor with (such as are.) barbed, poisoned, or the points of which are blazing with fire.
- 7.91
न च हन्यात्स्थलारूढं न क्लीबं न कृताञ्जलिम् ।न मुक्तकेशं नासीनं न तवास्मीति वादिनम्
na ca hanyātsthalārūḍhaṃ na klībaṃ na kṛtāñjalim |na muktakeśaṃ nāsīnaṃ na tavāsmīti vādinam
Let him not strike one who (in flight) has reward,' i.e. 'just as mu^h as the Veda promises for the object given' (Gov., Kull., Ragh.). Medh. takes samam in the sense of 1 middling,' and Nar. explains it by ' a reward equal to the kindness
- 7.92
न सुप्तं न विसंनाहं न नग्नं न निरायुधम् ।नायुध्यमानं पश्यन्तं न परेण समागतम्
na suptaṃ na visaṃnāhaṃ na nagnaṃ na nirāyudham |nāyudhyamānaṃ paśyantaṃ na pareṇa samāgatam
Nor one who sleeps, nor one who has lost his coat of mail, nor one who is naked, nor one who is disarmed, nor one who looks on without taking part in the fight, nor one who is fighting with another (foe) ;
- 7.93
नायुधव्यसनप्राप्तं नार्तं नातिपरिक्षतम् ।न भीतं न परावृत्तं सतां धर्मं अनुस्मरन्
nāyudhavyasanaprāptaṃ nārtaṃ nātiparikṣatam |na bhītaṃ na parāvṛttaṃ satāṃ dharmaṃ anusmaran
Nor one whose weapons are broken, nor one afflicted (with sorrow), nor one who has been griev- ously wounded, nor one who is in fear, nor one who has turned to flight ; (but in all these cases let him)
- 7.94
यस्तु भीतः परावृत्तः संग्रामे हन्यते परैः ।भर्तुर्यद्दुष्कृतं किं चित्तत्सर्वं प्रतिपद्यते
yastu bhītaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṃgrāme hanyate paraiḥ |bharturyadduṣkṛtaṃ kiṃ cittatsarvaṃ pratipadyate
But the (Kshatriya) who is slain in battle, while he turns back in fear, takes upon himself all the sin of his master, whatever (it may be) ;
- 7.95
यच्चास्य सुकृतं किं चिदमुत्रार्थं उपार्जितम् ।भर्ता तत्सर्वं आदत्ते परावृत्तहतस्य तु
yaccāsya sukṛtaṃ kiṃ cidamutrārthaṃ upārjitam |bhartā tatsarvaṃ ādatte parāvṛttahatasya tu
And whatever merit (a man) who is slain in flight may have gained for the next (world), all that his master takes. .
- 7.96
रथाश्वं हस्तिनं छत्रं धनं धान्यं पशून्स्त्रियः ।सर्वद्रव्याणि कुप्यं च यो यज्जयति तस्य तत्
rathāśvaṃ hastinaṃ chatraṃ dhanaṃ dhānyaṃ paśūnstriyaḥ |sarvadravyāṇi kupyaṃ ca yo yajjayati tasya tat
Chariots and horses, elephants, parasols, money, grain, cattle, women, all sorts of (market- able) goods and valueless metals belong to him who takes them (singly) conquering (the possessor).
- 7.97
राज्ञश्च दद्युरुद्धारं इत्येषा वैदिकी श्रुतिः ।राज्ञा च सर्वयोधेभ्यो दातव्यं अपृथग्जितम्
rājñaśca dadyuruddhāraṃ ityeṣā vaidikī śrutiḥ |rājñā ca sarvayodhebhyo dātavyaṃ apṛthagjitam
A text of the Veda (declares) that (the soldiers) shall present a choice portion (of the booty) to the king ; what has not been taken singly, must be distributed by the king among all the soldiers.
- 7.98
एषोऽनुपस्कृतः प्रोक्तो योधधर्मः सनातनः ।अस्माद्धर्मान्न च्यवेत क्षत्रियो घ्नन्रणे रिपून्
eṣo'nupaskṛtaḥ prokto yodhadharmaḥ sanātanaḥ |asmāddharmānna cyaveta kṣatriyo ghnanraṇe ripūn
Thus has been declared the blameless, primeval law for warriors ; from this law a Kshatriya must not depart, when he strikes his foes in battle.
- 7.99
अलब्धं चैव लिप्सेत लब्धं रक्षेत्प्रयत्नतः ।रक्षितं वर्धयेच्चैव वृद्धं पात्रेषु निक्षिपेत्
alabdhaṃ caiva lipseta labdhaṃ rakṣetprayatnataḥ |rakṣitaṃ vardhayeccaiva vṛddhaṃ pātreṣu nikṣipet
Let him strive to gain what he has not yet gained ; what he has gained let him carefully pre- serve ; let him augment what he preserves, and what he has augmented let him bestow on worthy
- 7.100
एतच्चतुर्विधं विद्यात्पुरुषार्थप्रयोजनम् ।अस्य नित्यं अनुष्ठानं सम्यक्कुर्यादतन्द्रितः
etaccaturvidhaṃ vidyātpuruṣārthaprayojanam |asya nityaṃ anuṣṭhānaṃ samyakkuryādatandritaḥ
Let him know that these are the four means for securing the aims of human (existence) ; let him, without ever tiring, properly employ them.
- 7.101
अलब्धं इच्छेद्दण्डेन लब्धं रक्षेदवेक्षया ।रक्षितं वर्धयेद्वृद्ध्या वृद्धं पात्रेषु निक्षिपेत्
alabdhaṃ iccheddaṇḍena labdhaṃ rakṣedavekṣayā |rakṣitaṃ vardhayedvṛddhyā vṛddhaṃ pātreṣu nikṣipet
What he has not (yet) gained, let him seek (to gain) by (his) army ; what he has gained, let him protect by careful attention ; what he has protected, let him augment by (various modes of) increasing
- 7.102
नित्यं उद्यतदण्डः स्यान्नित्यं विवृतपौरुषः ।नित्यं संवृतसंवार्यो नित्यं छिद्रानुसार्यरेः
nityaṃ udyatadaṇḍaḥ syānnityaṃ vivṛtapauruṣaḥ |nityaṃ saṃvṛtasaṃvāryo nityaṃ chidrānusāryareḥ
Let him be ever ready to strike, his prowess constantly displayed, and his secrets constantly con- cealed, and let him constantly explore the weaknesses of his foe.
- 7.103
नित्यं उद्यतदण्डस्य कृत्स्नं उद्विजते जगत् ।तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि दण्डेनैव प्रसाधयेत्
nityaṃ udyatadaṇḍasya kṛtsnaṃ udvijate jagat |tasmātsarvāṇi bhūtāni daṇḍenaiva prasādhayet
Of him who is always ready to strike, the whole world stands in awe ; let him therefore make all creatures subject to himself even by the employ- ment of force.
- 7.104
अमाययैव वर्तेत न कथं चन मायया ।बुध्येतारिप्रयुक्तां च मायां नित्यं सुसंवृतः
amāyayaiva varteta na kathaṃ cana māyayā |budhyetāriprayuktāṃ ca māyāṃ nityaṃ susaṃvṛtaḥ
Let him ever act without guile, and on no
- 7.105
नास्य छिद्रं परो विद्याद्विद्याच्छिद्रं परस्य च ।गूहेत्कूर्म इवाङ्गानि रक्षेद्विवरं आत्मनः
nāsya chidraṃ paro vidyādvidyācchidraṃ parasya ca |gūhetkūrma ivāṅgāni rakṣedvivaraṃ ātmanaḥ
His enemy must not know his weaknesses, but he must know the weaknesses of his enemy ; as the tortoise (hides its limbs), even so let him secure the members (of his government against treachery),
- 7.106
बकवच्चिन्तयेदर्थान्सिंहवच्च पराक्रमे ।वृकवच्चावलुम्पेत शशवच्च विनिष्पतेत्
bakavaccintayedarthānsiṃhavacca parākrame |vṛkavaccāvalumpeta śaśavacca viniṣpatet
Let him plan his undertakings (patiently meditating) like a heron ; like a lion, let him put forth his strength ; like a wolf, let him snatch (his prey) ; like a hare, let him double in retreat.
- 7.107
एवं विजयमानस्य येऽस्य स्युः परिपन्थिनः ।तानानयेद्वशं सर्वान्सामादिभिरुपक्रमैः
evaṃ vijayamānasya ye'sya syuḥ paripanthinaḥ |tānānayedvaśaṃ sarvānsāmādibhirupakramaiḥ
When he is thus engaged in conquest, let him subdue all the opponents whom he may find, by the (four) expedients, conciliation and the rest.
- 7.108
यदि ते तु न तिष्ठेयुरुपायैः प्रथमैस्त्रिभिः ।दण्डेनैव प्रसह्यैताञ् शनकैर्वशं आनयेत्
yadi te tu na tiṣṭheyurupāyaiḥ prathamaistribhiḥ |daṇḍenaiva prasahyaitāñ śanakairvaśaṃ ānayet
If they cannot be stopped by the three first expedients, then let him, overcoming them by force alone, gradually bring them to subjection.
- 7.109
सामादीनां उपायानां चतुर्णां अपि पण्डिताः ।सामदण्डौ प्रशंसन्ति नित्यं राष्ट्राभिवृद्धये
sāmādīnāṃ upāyānāṃ caturṇāṃ api paṇḍitāḥ |sāmadaṇḍau praśaṃsanti nityaṃ rāṣṭrābhivṛddhaye
Among the four expedients, conciliation and the rest, the learned always recommend conciliation and (the employment of) force for the prosperity of kingdoms.
- 7.110
यथोद्धरति निर्दाता कक्षं धान्यं च रक्षति ।तथा रक्षेन्नृपो राष्ट्रं हन्याच्च परिपन्थिनः
yathoddharati nirdātā kakṣaṃ dhānyaṃ ca rakṣati |tathā rakṣennṛpo rāṣṭraṃ hanyācca paripanthinaḥ
- 7.111
मोहाद्राजा स्वराष्ट्रं यः कर्षयत्यनवेक्षया ।सोऽचिराद्भ्रश्यते राज्याज्जीविताच्च सबान्धवः
mohādrājā svarāṣṭraṃ yaḥ karṣayatyanavekṣayā |so'cirādbhraśyate rājyājjīvitācca sabāndhavaḥ
- 7.112
शरीरकर्षणात्प्राणाः क्षीयन्ते प्राणिनां यथा ।तथा राज्ञां अपि प्राणाः क्षीयन्ते राष्ट्रकर्षणात्
śarīrakarṣaṇātprāṇāḥ kṣīyante prāṇināṃ yathā |tathā rājñāṃ api prāṇāḥ kṣīyante rāṣṭrakarṣaṇāt
As the lives of living creatures are destroyed by tormenting their bodies, even so the lives of kings are destroyed by their oppressing their kingdoms.
- 7.113
राष्ट्रस्य संग्रहे नित्यं विधानं इदं आचरेत् ।सुसंगृहीतराष्ट्रे हि पार्थिवः सुखं एधते
rāṣṭrasya saṃgrahe nityaṃ vidhānaṃ idaṃ ācaret |susaṃgṛhītarāṣṭre hi pārthivaḥ sukhaṃ edhate
In governing his kingdom let him always observe the (following) rules ; for a king who governs his kingdom well, easily prospers.
- 7.114
द्वयोस्त्रयाणां पञ्चानां मध्ये गुल्मं अधिष्ठितम् ।तथा ग्रामशतानां च कुर्याद्राष्ट्रस्य संग्रहम्
dvayostrayāṇāṃ pañcānāṃ madhye gulmaṃ adhiṣṭhitam |tathā grāmaśatānāṃ ca kuryādrāṣṭrasya saṃgraham
Let him place a company of soldiers, com- manded (by a trusty officer), in the midst of two, three, five or hundreds of villages, (to be) a protec- tion of the kingdom.
- 7.115
ग्रामस्याधिपतिं कुर्याद्दशग्रामपतिं तथा ।विंशतीशं शतेशं च सहस्रपतिं एव च
grāmasyādhipatiṃ kuryāddaśagrāmapatiṃ tathā |viṃśatīśaṃ śateśaṃ ca sahasrapatiṃ eva ca
Let him appoint a lord over (each) village, as well as lords of ten villages, lords of twenty, lords of a hundred, and lords of a thousand.
- 7.116
ग्रामदोषान्समुत्पन्नान्ग्रामिकः शनकैः स्वयम् ।शंसेद्ग्रामदशेशाय दशेशो विंशतीशिने
grāmadoṣānsamutpannāngrāmikaḥ śanakaiḥ svayam |śaṃsedgrāmadaśeśāya daśeśo viṃśatīśine
The lord of one village himself shall inform the lord of ten villages of the crimes committed in his village, and the ruler of ten (shall make his re- port) to the ruler of twenty.
- 7.117
विंशतीशस्तु तत्सर्वं शतेशाय निवेदयेत् ।शंसेद्ग्रामशतेशस्तु सहस्रपतये स्वयम्
viṃśatīśastu tatsarvaṃ śateśāya nivedayet |śaṃsedgrāmaśateśastu sahasrapataye svayam
- 7.118
यानि राजप्रदेयानि प्रत्यहं ग्रामवासिभिः ।अन्नपानेन्धनादीनि ग्रामिकस्तान्यवाप्नुयात्
yāni rājapradeyāni pratyahaṃ grāmavāsibhiḥ |annapānendhanādīni grāmikastānyavāpnuyāt
Those (articles) which the villagers ought to furnish daily to the king, such as food, drink, and fuel, the lord of one village shall obtain.
- 7.119
दशी कुलं तु भुञ्जीत विंशी पञ्च कुलानि च ।ग्रामं ग्रामशताध्यक्षः सहस्राधिपतिः पुरम्
daśī kulaṃ tu bhuñjīta viṃśī pañca kulāni ca |grāmaṃ grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram
The ruler of ten (villages) shall enjoy one kula (as much land as suffices for one family), the ruler of twenty five kulas, the superintendent of a hundred villages (the revenues of) one village,
- 7.120
तेषां ग्राम्याणि कार्यानि पृथक्कार्याणि चैव हि ।राज्ञोऽन्यः सचिवः स्निग्धस्तानि पश्येदतन्द्रितः
teṣāṃ grāmyāṇi kāryāni pṛthakkāryāṇi caiva hi |rājño'nyaḥ sacivaḥ snigdhastāni paśyedatandritaḥ
The affairs of these (officials), which are connected with (their) villages and their separate business, another minister of the king shall inspect, (who must be) loyal and never remiss ;
- 7.121
नगरे नगरे चैकं कुर्यात्सर्वार्थचिन्तकम् ।उच्चैःस्थानं घोररूपं नक्षत्राणां इव ग्रहम्
nagare nagare caikaṃ kuryātsarvārthacintakam |uccaiḥsthānaṃ ghorarūpaṃ nakṣatrāṇāṃ iva graham
And in each town let him appoint one super- intendent of all affairs, elevated in rank, formidable, (resembling) a planet among the stars.
- 7.122
स ताननुपरिक्रामेत्सर्वानेव सदा स्वयम् ।तेषां वृत्तं परिणयेत्सम्यग्राष्ट्रेषु तच्चरैः
sa tānanuparikrāmetsarvāneva sadā svayam |teṣāṃ vṛttaṃ pariṇayetsamyagrāṣṭreṣu taccaraiḥ
Let that (man) always personally visit by turns all those (other officials) ; let him properly explore their behaviour in their districts through spies (appointed to) each.
- 7.123
राज्ञो हि रक्षाधिकृताः परस्वादायिनः शठाः ।भृत्या भवन्ति प्रायेण तेभ्यो रक्षेदिमाः प्रजाः
rājño hi rakṣādhikṛtāḥ parasvādāyinaḥ śaṭhāḥ |bhṛtyā bhavanti prāyeṇa tebhyo rakṣedimāḥ prajāḥ
For the servants of the king, who are appointed to protect (the people), generally become knaves who seize the property of others ; let him protect his subjects against such (men).
- 7.124
ये कार्यिकेभ्योऽर्थं एव गृह्णीयुः पापचेतसः ।तेषां सर्वस्वं आदाय राजा कुर्यात्प्रवासनम्
ye kāryikebhyo'rthaṃ eva gṛhṇīyuḥ pāpacetasaḥ |teṣāṃ sarvasvaṃ ādāya rājā kuryātpravāsanam
- 7.125
राजा कर्मसु युक्तानां स्त्रीणां प्रेष्यजनस्य च ।प्रत्यहं कल्पयेद्वृत्तिं स्थानं कर्मानुरूपतः
rājā karmasu yuktānāṃ strīṇāṃ preṣyajanasya ca |pratyahaṃ kalpayedvṛttiṃ sthānaṃ karmānurūpataḥ
For women employed in the royal service and for menial servants, let him fix a daily main- tenance, in proportion to their position and to their work.
- 7.126
पणो देयोऽवकृष्टस्य षडुत्कृष्टस्य वेतनम् ।षाण्मासिकस्तथाच्छादो धान्यद्रोणस्तु मासिकः
paṇo deyo'vakṛṣṭasya ṣaḍutkṛṣṭasya vetanam |ṣāṇmāsikastathācchādo dhānyadroṇastu māsikaḥ
One pa^a must be given (daily) as wages to the lowest, six to the highest, likewise clothing every six months and one dro^a of grain every month.
- 7.127
क्रयविक्रयं अध्वानं भक्तं च सपरिव्ययम् ।योगक्षेमं च संप्रेक्ष्य वणिजो दापयेत्करान्
krayavikrayaṃ adhvānaṃ bhaktaṃ ca saparivyayam |yogakṣemaṃ ca saṃprekṣya vaṇijo dāpayetkarān
Having well considered (the rates of) pur- chase and (of) sale, (the length of) the road, (the expense for) food and condiments, the charges of securing the goods, let the king make the traders
- 7.128
यथा फलेन युज्येत राजा कर्ता च कर्मणाम् ।तथावेक्ष्य नृपो राष्ट्रे कल्पयेत्सततं करान्
yathā phalena yujyeta rājā kartā ca karmaṇām |tathāvekṣya nṛpo rāṣṭre kalpayetsatataṃ karān
After (due) consideration the king shall always fix in his realm the duties and taxes in such a manner that both he himself and the man who does the work receive (their due) reward.
- 7.129
यथाल्पाल्पं अदन्त्याद्यं वार्योकोवत्सषट्पदाः ।तथाल्पाल्पो ग्रहीतव्यो राष्ट्राद्राज्ञाब्दिकः करः
yathālpālpaṃ adantyādyaṃ vāryokovatsaṣaṭpadāḥ |tathālpālpo grahītavyo rāṣṭrādrājñābdikaḥ karaḥ
As the leech, the calf, and the bee take their food little by little, even so must the king draw from his realm moderate annual taxes.
- 7.130
पञ्चाशद्भाग आदेयो राज्ञा पशुहिरण्ययोः ।धान्यानां अष्टमो भागः षष्ठो द्वादश एव वा
pañcāśadbhāga ādeyo rājñā paśuhiraṇyayoḥ |dhānyānāṃ aṣṭamo bhāgaḥ ṣaṣṭho dvādaśa eva vā
A fiftieth pa*>t of (the increments on) cattle
- 7.131
आददीताथ षड्भागं द्रुमांसमधुसर्पिषाम् ।गन्धौषधिरसानां च पुष्पमूलफलस्य च
ādadītātha ṣaḍbhāgaṃ drumāṃsamadhusarpiṣām |gandhauṣadhirasānāṃ ca puṣpamūlaphalasya ca
He may also take the sixth part of trees, meat, honey, clarified butter, perfumes, (medical) herbs, substances used for flavouring food, flowers, roots, and fruit ;
- 7.132
पत्रशाकतृणानां च चर्मणां वैदलस्य च ।मृन्मयानां च भाण्डानां सर्वस्याश्ममयस्य च
patraśākatṛṇānāṃ ca carmaṇāṃ vaidalasya ca |mṛnmayānāṃ ca bhāṇḍānāṃ sarvasyāśmamayasya ca
Of leaves, pot-herbs, grass, (objects) made of cane, skins, of earthen vessels, and all (articles) made of stone.
- 7.133
म्रियमाणोऽप्याददीत न राजा श्रोत्रियात्करम् ।न च क्षुधास्य संसीदेच्छ्रोत्रियो विषये वसन्
mriyamāṇo'pyādadīta na rājā śrotriyātkaram |na ca kṣudhāsya saṃsīdecchrotriyo viṣaye vasan
Though dying (with want), a king must not levy a tax on .Srotriyas, and no .Srotriya, residing in his kingdom, must perish from hunger.
- 7.134
यस्य राज्ञस्तु विषये श्रोत्रियः सीदति क्षुधा ।तस्यापि तत्क्षुधा राष्ट्रं अचिरेनैव सीदति
yasya rājñastu viṣaye śrotriyaḥ sīdati kṣudhā |tasyāpi tatkṣudhā rāṣṭraṃ acirenaiva sīdati
The kingdom of that king, in whose domi- nions a 6Yotriya pines with hunger, will even, ere long, be afflicted by famine.
- 7.135
श्रुतवृत्ते विदित्वास्य वृत्तिं धर्म्यां प्रकल्पयेत् ।संरक्षेत्सर्वतश्चैनं पिता पुत्रं इवाउरसम्
śrutavṛtte viditvāsya vṛttiṃ dharmyāṃ prakalpayet |saṃrakṣetsarvataścainaṃ pitā putraṃ ivāurasam
Having ascertained his learning in the Veda and (the purity of) his conduct, the king shall pro- vide for him means of subsistence in accordance with the sacred law, and shall protect him in every way,
- 7.136
संरक्ष्यमाणो राज्ञा यं] कुरुते धर्मं अन्वहम् ।तेनायुर्वर्धते राज्ञो द्रविणं राष्ट्रं एव च
saṃrakṣyamāṇo rājñā yaṃ] kurute dharmaṃ anvaham |tenāyurvardhate rājño draviṇaṃ rāṣṭraṃ eva ca
Whatever meritorious acts (such a Brah- ma^a) performs under the full protection of the king, thereby the king s length of life, wealth, and kingdom increase.
- 7.137
यत्किं चिदपि वर्षस्य दापयेत्करसंज्ञितम् ।व्यवहारेण जीवन्तं राजा राष्ट्रे पृथग्जनम्
yatkiṃ cidapi varṣasya dāpayetkarasaṃjñitam |vyavahāreṇa jīvantaṃ rājā rāṣṭre pṛthagjanam
Let the king make the common inhabitants of his realm who live by traffic, pay annually some trifle, which is called a tax.
- 7.138
कारुकाञ् शिल्पिनश्चैव शूद्रांस्चात्मोपजीविनः ।एकैकं कारयेत्कर्म मासि मासि महीपतिः
kārukāñ śilpinaścaiva śūdrāṃscātmopajīvinaḥ |ekaikaṃ kārayetkarma māsi māsi mahīpatiḥ
Mechanics and artisans, as well as .Sudras who subsist by manual labour, he may cause to work (for himself) one (day) in each month. 1 39. Let him not cut up his own root (by levying
- 7.139
नोच्छिन्द्यादात्मनो मूलं परेषां चातितृष्णया ।उच्छिन्दन्ह्यात्मनो मूलं आट्मानं तांश्च पीदयेत्
nocchindyādātmano mūlaṃ pareṣāṃ cātitṛṣṇayā |ucchindanhyātmano mūlaṃ āṭmānaṃ tāṃśca pīdayet
- 7.140
तीक्ष्णश्चैव मृदुश्च स्यात्कार्यं वीक्ष्य महीपतिः ।तीक्ष्णश्चैव मृदुश्चैव राज भवति सम्मतः
tīkṣṇaścaiva mṛduśca syātkāryaṃ vīkṣya mahīpatiḥ |tīkṣṇaścaiva mṛduścaiva rāja bhavati sammataḥ
Let the king, having carefully considered (each) affair, be both sharp and gentle ; for a king who is both sharp and gentle is highly respected.
- 7.141
अमात्यमुख्यं धर्मज्ञं प्राज्ञं दान्तं कुलोद्गतम् ।स्थापयेदासने तस्मिन्खिन्नः कार्येक्षणे नृणाम्
amātyamukhyaṃ dharmajñaṃ prājñaṃ dāntaṃ kulodgatam |sthāpayedāsane tasminkhinnaḥ kāryekṣaṇe nṛṇām
When he is tired with the inspection of the business of men, let him place on that seat (of justice) his chief minister, (who must be) acquainted with the law, wise, self-controlled, and descended
- 7.142
एवं सर्वं विधायेदं इतिकर्तव्यं आत्मनः ।युक्तश्चैवाप्रमत्तश्च परिरक्षेदिमाः प्रजाः
evaṃ sarvaṃ vidhāyedaṃ itikartavyaṃ ātmanaḥ |yuktaścaivāpramattaśca parirakṣedimāḥ prajāḥ
Having thus arranged all the affairs (of) his (government), he shall zealously and carefully protect his subjects.
- 7.143
विक्रोशन्त्यो यस्य राष्ट्राद्ह्रियन्ते दस्युभिः प्रजाः ।संपश्यतः सभृत्यस्य मृतः स न तु जीवति
vikrośantyo yasya rāṣṭrādhriyante dasyubhiḥ prajāḥ |saṃpaśyataḥ sabhṛtyasya mṛtaḥ sa na tu jīvati
That (monarch) whose subjects are carried off by robbers (Dasyu) from his kingdom, while they loudly call (for help), and he and his ser- vants are (quietly) looking on, is a dead and not
- 7.144
क्षत्रियस्य परो धर्मः प्राजानां एव पालनम् ।निर्दिष्टफलभोक्ता हि राजा धर्मेण युज्यते
kṣatriyasya paro dharmaḥ prājānāṃ eva pālanam |nirdiṣṭaphalabhoktā hi rājā dharmeṇa yujyate
The highest duty of a Kshatriya is to pro- tect his subjects, for the king who enjoys the rewards, just mentioned, is bound to (discharge that) duty.
- 7.145
उत्थाय पश्चिमे यामे कृतशौचः समाहितः ।हुताग्निर्ब्राह्मणांश्चार्च्य प्रविशेत्स शुभां सभाम्
utthāya paścime yāme kṛtaśaucaḥ samāhitaḥ |hutāgnirbrāhmaṇāṃścārcya praviśetsa śubhāṃ sabhām
Having risen in the last watch of the night, having performed (the rite of) personal purification,
- 7.146
तत्र स्थितः प्रजाः सर्वाः प्रतिनन्द्य विसर्जयेत् ।विसृज्य च प्रजाः सर्वा मन्त्रयेत्सह मन्त्रिभिः
tatra sthitaḥ prajāḥ sarvāḥ pratinandya visarjayet |visṛjya ca prajāḥ sarvā mantrayetsaha mantribhiḥ
Tarrying there, he shall gratify all subjects (who come to see him by a kind reception) and afterwards dismiss them ; having dismissed his subjects, he shall take counsel with his ministers.
- 7.147
गिरिपृष्ठं समारुह्य प्रसादं वा रहोगतः ।अरण्ये निःशलाके वा मन्त्रयेदविभावितः
giripṛṣṭhaṃ samāruhya prasādaṃ vā rahogataḥ |araṇye niḥśalāke vā mantrayedavibhāvitaḥ
Ascending the back of a hill or a terrace, (and) retiring (there) in a lonely place, or in a solitary forest, let him consult with them unobserved.
- 7.148
यस्य मन्त्रं न जानन्ति समागम्य पृथग्जनाः ।स कृत्स्नां पृथिवीं भुङ्क्ते कोशहीनोऽपि पार्थिवः
yasya mantraṃ na jānanti samāgamya pṛthagjanāḥ |sa kṛtsnāṃ pṛthivīṃ bhuṅkte kośahīno'pi pārthivaḥ
That king whose secret plans other people, (though) assembled (for the purpose), do not dis- cover, (will) enjoy the whole earth, though he be poor in treasure.
- 7.149
जडमूकान्धबधिरांस्तैर्यग्योनान्वयोऽतिगान् ।स्त्रीम्लेच्छव्याधितव्यङ्गान्मन्त्रकालेऽपसारयेत्
jaḍamūkāndhabadhirāṃstairyagyonānvayo'tigān |strīmlecchavyādhitavyaṅgānmantrakāle'pasārayet
At the time of consultation let him cause to be removed idiots, the dumb, the blind, and the ^/ deaf, animals, very aged men, women, barbarians, the sick, and those deficient in limbs.
- 7.150
भिन्दन्त्यवमता मन्त्रं तैर्यग्योनास्तथैव च ।स्त्रियश्चैव विशेषेण तस्मात्तत्रादृतो भवेत्
bhindantyavamatā mantraṃ tairyagyonāstathaiva ca |striyaścaiva viśeṣeṇa tasmāttatrādṛto bhavet
- 7.151
मध्यंदिनेऽर्धरात्रे वा विश्रान्तो विगतक्लमः ।चिन्तयेद्धर्मकामार्थान्सार्धं तैरेक एव वा
madhyaṃdine'rdharātre vā viśrānto vigataklamaḥ |cintayeddharmakāmārthānsārdhaṃ taireka eva vā
At midday or at midnight, when his mental and bodily fatigues are over, let him deliberate, either with himself alone or with his (ministers), on virtue, pleasure, and wealth,
- 7.152
परस्परविरुद्धानां तेषां च समुपार्जनम् ।कन्यानां संप्रदानं च कुमाराणां च रक्षणम्
parasparaviruddhānāṃ teṣāṃ ca samupārjanam |kanyānāṃ saṃpradānaṃ ca kumārāṇāṃ ca rakṣaṇam
On (reconciling) the attainment of these 147-148. Y&gii. I, 343-
- 7.153
दूतसंप्रेषणं चैव कार्यशेषं तथैव च ।अन्तःपुरप्रचारं च प्रणिधीनां च चेष्टितम्
dūtasaṃpreṣaṇaṃ caiva kāryaśeṣaṃ tathaiva ca |antaḥpurapracāraṃ ca praṇidhīnāṃ ca ceṣṭitam
On sending ambassadors, on the completion of undertakings (already begun), on the behaviour of (the women in) his harem, and on the doings of his spies.
- 7.154
कृत्स्नं चाष्टविधं कर्म पञ्चवर्गं च तत्त्वतः ।अनुरागापरागौ च प्रचारं मण्डलस्य च
kṛtsnaṃ cāṣṭavidhaṃ karma pañcavargaṃ ca tattvataḥ |anurāgāparāgau ca pracāraṃ maṇḍalasya ca
On the whole eightfold business and the five classes (of spies), on the goodwill or enmity and the conduct of the circle (of neighbours he must) carefully (reflect).
- 7.155
मध्यमस्य प्रचारं च विजीगिषोश्च चेष्टितम् ।उदासीनप्रचारं च शत्रोश्चैव प्रयत्नतः
madhyamasya pracāraṃ ca vijīgiṣośca ceṣṭitam |udāsīnapracāraṃ ca śatroścaiva prayatnataḥ
On the conduct of the middlemost (prince), on the doings of him who seeks conquest, on the behaviour of the neutral (king), and (on that) of the foe (let him) sedulously (meditate).
- 7.156
एताः प्रकृतयो मूलं मण्डलस्य समासतः ।अष्टौ चान्याः समाख्याता द्वादशैव तु ताः स्मृताः
etāḥ prakṛtayo mūlaṃ maṇḍalasya samāsataḥ |aṣṭau cānyāḥ samākhyātā dvādaśaiva tu tāḥ smṛtāḥ
These (four) constituents (prakmi, form), briefly (speaking), the foundation of the circle (of neighbours) ; besides, eight others are enumerated (in the Institutes of Polity) and (thus) the (total) is
- 7.157
अमात्यराष्ट्रदुर्गार्थ दण्डाख्याः पञ्च चापराः ।प्रत्येकं कथिता ह्येताः संक्षेपेण द्विसप्ततिः
amātyarāṣṭradurgārtha daṇḍākhyāḥ pañca cāparāḥ |pratyekaṃ kathitā hyetāḥ saṃkṣepeṇa dvisaptatiḥ
The minister, the kingdom, the fortress, the treasury, and the army are five other (constituent elements of the circle) ; for, these are mentioned in connexion with each (of the first twelve ; thus the
- 7.158
अनन्तरं अरिं विद्यादरिसेविनं एव च ।अरेरनन्तरं मित्रं उदासीनं तयोः परम्
anantaraṃ ariṃ vidyādarisevinaṃ eva ca |areranantaraṃ mitraṃ udāsīnaṃ tayoḥ param
Let (the king) consider as hostile his imme- diate neighbour and the partisan of (such a) foe, as friendly the immediate neighbour of his foe, and as neutral (the king) beyond those two.
- 7.159
तान्सर्वानभिसंदध्यात्सामादिभिरुपक्रमैः ।व्यस्तैश्चैव समस्तैश्च पौरुषेण नयेन च
tānsarvānabhisaṃdadhyātsāmādibhirupakramaiḥ |vyastaiścaiva samastaiśca pauruṣeṇa nayena ca
Let him overcome all of them by means of the (four) expedients, conciliation and the rest, (em- ployed) either singly or conjointly, (or) by bravery and policy (alone).
- 7.160
संधिं च विग्रहं चैव यानं आसनं एव च ।द्वैधीभावं संश्रयं च षड्गुणांश्चिन्तयेत्सदा
saṃdhiṃ ca vigrahaṃ caiva yānaṃ āsanaṃ eva ca |dvaidhībhāvaṃ saṃśrayaṃ ca ṣaḍguṇāṃścintayetsadā
Let him constantly think of the six measures of royal policy (gu^a, viz.) alliance, war, marching, halting, dividing the army, and seeking protection.
- 7.161
आसनं चैव यानं च संधिं विग्रहं एव च ।कार्यं वीक्ष्य प्रयुञ्जीत द्वैधं संश्रयं एव च
āsanaṃ caiva yānaṃ ca saṃdhiṃ vigrahaṃ eva ca |kāryaṃ vīkṣya prayuñjīta dvaidhaṃ saṃśrayaṃ eva ca
Having carefully considered the business (in hand), let him resort to sitting quiet or marching, kinds, ' natural,' * artificial' (i. e. one who has a particular reason for his enmity), and 'an immediate neighbour' (see below, verse 158).
- 7.162
संधिं तु द्विविधं विद्याद्राजा विग्रहं एव च ।उभे यानासने चैव द्विविधः संश्रयः स्मृतः
saṃdhiṃ tu dvividhaṃ vidyādrājā vigrahaṃ eva ca |ubhe yānāsane caiva dvividhaḥ saṃśrayaḥ smṛtaḥ
But the king must know that there are two kinds of alliances and of wars, (likewise two) of both marching and sitting quiet, and two (occasions for) seeking protection.
- 7.163
समानयानकर्मा च विपरीतस्तथैव च ।तदा त्वायतिसंयुक्तः संधिर्ज्ञेयो द्विलक्षणः
samānayānakarmā ca viparītastathaiva ca |tadā tvāyatisaṃyuktaḥ saṃdhirjñeyo dvilakṣaṇaḥ
An alliance which yields present and future advantages, one must know to be of two descriptions, (viz.) that when one marches together (with an ally) and the contrary (when the allies act separately).
- 7.164
स्वयंकृतश्च कार्यार्थं अकाले काल एव वा ।मित्रस्य चैवापकृते द्विविधो विग्रहः स्मृतः
svayaṃkṛtaśca kāryārthaṃ akāle kāla eva vā |mitrasya caivāpakṛte dvividho vigrahaḥ smṛtaḥ
War is declared to be of two kinds, (viz.) that which is undertaken in season or out of season, by oneself and for one's own purposes, and (that waged to avenge) an injury done to a friend.
- 7.165
एकाकिनश्चात्ययिके कार्ये प्राप्ते यदृच्छया ।संहतस्य च मित्रेण द्विविधं यानं उच्यते
ekākinaścātyayike kārye prāpte yadṛcchayā |saṃhatasya ca mitreṇa dvividhaṃ yānaṃ ucyate
Marching (to attack) is said to be twofold, (viz. that undertaken) by one alone when an urgent matter has suddenly arisen, and (that undertaken) by one allied with a friend.
- 7.166
क्षीणस्य चैव क्रमशो दैवात्पूर्वकृतेन वा ।मित्रस्य चानुरोधेन द्विविधं स्मृतं आसनम्
kṣīṇasya caiva kramaśo daivātpūrvakṛtena vā |mitrasya cānurodhena dvividhaṃ smṛtaṃ āsanam
Sitting quiet is stated to be of two kinds, (viz. that incumbent) on one who has gradually been weakened by fate or in consequence of former acts, and (that) in favour of a friend.
- 7.167
बलस्य स्वामिनश्चैव स्थितिः कार्यार्थसिद्धये ।द्विविधं कीर्त्यते द्वैधं षाड्गुण्यगुणवेदिभिः
balasya svāminaścaiva sthitiḥ kāryārthasiddhaye |dvividhaṃ kīrtyate dvaidhaṃ ṣāḍguṇyaguṇavedibhiḥ
If the army stops (in one place) and its master (in another) in order to effect some purpose, that is called by those acquainted with the virtues of the measures of royal policy, the twofold division
- 7.168
अर्थसंपादनार्थं च पीड्यमानस्य शत्रुभिः ।साधुषु व्यपदेशश्च द्विविधः संश्रयः स्मृतः
arthasaṃpādanārthaṃ ca pīḍyamānasya śatrubhiḥ |sādhuṣu vyapadeśaśca dvividhaḥ saṃśrayaḥ smṛtaḥ
Seeking refuge is declared to be of two kinds, (first) for the purpose of attaining an ad- vantage when one is harassed by enemies, (secondly) in order to become known among the virtuous (as
- 7.169
यदावगच्छेदायत्यां आधिक्यं ध्रुवं आत्मनः ।तदात्वे चाल्पिकां पीडां तदा संधिं समाश्रयेत्
yadāvagacchedāyatyāṃ ādhikyaṃ dhruvaṃ ātmanaḥ |tadātve cālpikāṃ pīḍāṃ tadā saṃdhiṃ samāśrayet
- 7.170
यदा प्रहृष्टा मन्येत सर्वास्तु प्रकृतीर्भृशम् ।अत्युच्छ्रितं तथात्मानं तदा कुर्वीत विग्रहम्
yadā prahṛṣṭā manyeta sarvāstu prakṛtīrbhṛśam |atyucchritaṃ tathātmānaṃ tadā kurvīta vigraham
But when he thinks all his subjects to be
- 7.171
यदा मन्येत भावेन हृष्टं पुष्टं बलं स्वकम् ।परस्य विपरीतं च तदा यायाद्रिपुं प्रति
yadā manyeta bhāvena hṛṣṭaṃ puṣṭaṃ balaṃ svakam |parasya viparītaṃ ca tadā yāyādripuṃ prati
When he knows his own army to be cheerful in disposition and strong, and (that) of his enemy the reverse, then let him march against his foe.
- 7.172
यदा तु स्यात्परिक्षीणो वाहनेन बलेन च ।तदासीत प्रयत्नेन शनकैः सान्त्वयन्नरीन्
yadā tu syātparikṣīṇo vāhanena balena ca |tadāsīta prayatnena śanakaiḥ sāntvayannarīn
But if he is very weak in chariots and beasts of burden and in troops, then let him carefully sit quiet, gradually conciliating his foes.
- 7.173
मन्येतारिं यदा राजा सर्वथा बलवत्तरम् ।तदा द्विधा बलं कृत्वा साधयेत्कार्यं आत्मनः
manyetāriṃ yadā rājā sarvathā balavattaram |tadā dvidhā balaṃ kṛtvā sādhayetkāryaṃ ātmanaḥ
When the king knows the enemy to be stronger in every respect, then let him divide his army and thus achieve his purpose. 1 74. But when he is very easily assailable by the
- 7.174
यदा परबलानां तु गमनीयतमो भवेत् ।तदा तु संश्रयेत्क्षिप्रं धार्मिकं बलिनं नृपम्
yadā parabalānāṃ tu gamanīyatamo bhavet |tadā tu saṃśrayetkṣipraṃ dhārmikaṃ balinaṃ nṛpam
- 7.175
निग्रहं प्रकृतीनां च कुर्याद्योऽरिबलस्य च ।उपसेवेत तं नित्यं सर्वयत्नैर्गुरुं यथा
nigrahaṃ prakṛtīnāṃ ca kuryādyo'ribalasya ca |upaseveta taṃ nityaṃ sarvayatnairguruṃ yathā
That (prince) who will coerce both his (dis- loyal) subjects and the army of the foe, let him ever serve with every effort like a Guru.
- 7.176
यदि तत्रापि संपश्येद्दोषं संश्रयकारितम् ।सुयुद्धं एव तत्रापि निर्विशङ्कः समाचरेत्
yadi tatrāpi saṃpaśyeddoṣaṃ saṃśrayakāritam |suyuddhaṃ eva tatrāpi nirviśaṅkaḥ samācaret
When, even in that (condition), he sees (that) evil is caused by (such) protection, let him without hesitation have recourse to war.
- 7.177
सर्वोपायैस्तथा कुर्यान्नीतिज्ञः पृथिवीपतिः ।यथास्याभ्यधिका न स्युर्मित्रोदासीनशत्रवः
sarvopāyaistathā kuryānnītijñaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ |yathāsyābhyadhikā na syurmitrodāsīnaśatravaḥ
By all (the four) expedients a politic prince must arrange (matters so) that neither friends, nor neutrals, nor foes are superior to himself.
- 7.178
आयतिं सर्वकार्याणां तदात्वं च विचारयेत् ।अतीतानां च सर्वेषां गुणदोषौ च तत्त्वतः
āyatiṃ sarvakāryāṇāṃ tadātvaṃ ca vicārayet |atītānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ guṇadoṣau ca tattvataḥ
Let him fully consider the future and the immediate results of all undertakings, and the good and bad sides of all past (actions).
- 7.179
आयत्यां गुणदोषज्ञस्तदात्वे क्षिप्रनिश्चयः ।अतीते कार्यशेषज्ञः शत्रुभिर्नाभिभूयते
āyatyāṃ guṇadoṣajñastadātve kṣipraniścayaḥ |atīte kāryaśeṣajñaḥ śatrubhirnābhibhūyate
He who knows the good and the evil (which will result from his acts) in the future, is quick in forming resolutions for the present, and under- stands the consequences of past (actions), will not
- 7.180
यथैनं नाभिसंदध्युर्मित्रोदासीनशत्रवः ।तथा सर्वं संविदध्यादेष सामासिको नयः
yathainaṃ nābhisaṃdadhyurmitrodāsīnaśatravaḥ |tathā sarvaṃ saṃvidadhyādeṣa sāmāsiko nayaḥ
Let him arrange everything in such a manner that no ally, no neutral or foe may injure him ; that is the sum of political wisdom.
- 7.181
तदा तु यानं आतिष्ठेदरिराष्ट्रं प्रति प्रभुः ।तदानेन विधानेन यायादरिपुरं शनैः
tadā tu yānaṃ ātiṣṭhedarirāṣṭraṃ prati prabhuḥ |tadānena vidhānena yāyādaripuraṃ śanaiḥ
But if the king undertakes an expedition against a hostile kingdom, then let him gradually advance, in the following manner, against his foe's capital.
- 7.182
मार्गशीर्षे शुभे मासि यायाद्यात्रां महीपतिः ।फाल्गुनं वाथ चैत्रं वा मासौ प्रति यथाबलम्
mārgaśīrṣe śubhe māsi yāyādyātrāṃ mahīpatiḥ |phālgunaṃ vātha caitraṃ vā māsau prati yathābalam
Let the king undertake his march in the fine month Marga^irsha, or towards the months of Phalguna and A'aitra, according to the (condition of his) army.
- 7.183
अन्येष्वपि तु कालेषु यदा पश्येद्ध्रुवं जयम् ।तदा यायाद्विगृह्यैव व्यसने चोत्थिते रिपोः
anyeṣvapi tu kāleṣu yadā paśyeddhruvaṃ jayam |tadā yāyādvigṛhyaiva vyasane cotthite ripoḥ
Even at other times, when he has a certain prospect of victory, or when a disaster has befallen his foe, he may advance to attack him.
- 7.184
कृत्वा विधानं मूले तु यात्रिकं च यथाविधि ।उपगृह्यास्पदं चैव चारान्सम्यग्विधाय च
kṛtvā vidhānaṃ mūle tu yātrikaṃ ca yathāvidhi |upagṛhyāspadaṃ caiva cārānsamyagvidhāya ca
But having duly arranged (all affairs) in his original (kingdom) and what relates to the expedi- tion, having secured a basis (for his operations) and having duly dispatched his spies ;
- 7.185
संशोध्य त्रिविधं मार्गं षड्विधं च बलं स्वकम् ।सांपरायिककल्पेन यायादरिपुरं प्रति
saṃśodhya trividhaṃ mārgaṃ ṣaḍvidhaṃ ca balaṃ svakam |sāṃparāyikakalpena yāyādaripuraṃ prati
Having cleared the three kinds of roads, and (having made) his sixfold army (efficient), let him leisurely proceed in the manner prescribed for war- fare against the enemy's capital.
- 7.186
शत्रुसेविनि मित्रे च गूढे युक्ततरो भवेत् ।गतप्रत्यागते चैव स हि कष्टतरो रिपुः
śatrusevini mitre ca gūḍhe yuktataro bhavet |gatapratyāgate caiva sa hi kaṣṭataro ripuḥ
Let him be very much on his guard against a friend who secretly serves the enemy and against (deserters) who return (from the enemy's camp) ; for such (men are) the most dangerous foes.
- 7.187
दण्डव्यूहेन तन्मार्गं यायात्तु शकटेन वा ।वराहमकराभ्यां वा सूच्या वा गरुडेन वा
daṇḍavyūhena tanmārgaṃ yāyāttu śakaṭena vā |varāhamakarābhyāṃ vā sūcyā vā garuḍena vā
Let him march on his road, arraying (his troops) like a staff (i.e. in an oblong), or like a waggon (i.e. in a wedge), or like a boar (i.e. in a rhombus), or like a Makara (i.e. in two triangles, with the apices
- 7.188
यतश्च भयं आशङ्केत्ततो विस्तारयेद्बलम् ।पद्मेन चैव व्यूहेन निविशेत सदा स्वयम्
yataśca bhayaṃ āśaṅkettato vistārayedbalam |padmena caiva vyūhena niviśeta sadā svayam
From whatever (side) he apprehends danger, in that (direction) let him extend his troops, and let him always himself encamp in an array, shaped like a lotus.
- 7.189
सेनापतिबलाध्यक्षौ सर्वदिक्षु निवेशयेत् ।यतश्च भयं आशङ्केत्प्राचीं तां कल्पयेद्दिशम्
senāpatibalādhyakṣau sarvadikṣu niveśayet |yataśca bhayaṃ āśaṅketprācīṃ tāṃ kalpayeddiśam
Let him allot to the commander-in-chief, to the (subordinate) general, (and to the superior officers) places in all directions, and let him turn his front in that direction whence he fears danger.
- 7.190
गुल्मांश्च स्थापयेदाप्तान्कृतसंज्ञान्समन्ततः ।स्थाने युद्धे च कुशलानभीरूनविकारिणः
gulmāṃśca sthāpayedāptānkṛtasaṃjñānsamantataḥ |sthāne yuddhe ca kuśalānabhīrūnavikāriṇaḥ
On all sides let him place troops of soldiers, on whom he can rely, with whom signals have been arranged, who are expert both in sustaining a charge and in charging, fearless and loyal.
- 7.191
संहतान्योधयेदल्पान्कामं विस्तारयेद्बहून् ।सूच्या वज्रेण चैवैतान्व्यूहेन व्यूह्य योधयेत्
saṃhatānyodhayedalpānkāmaṃ vistārayedbahūn |sūcyā vajreṇa caivaitānvyūhena vyūhya yodhayet
Let him make a small number of soldiers fight in close order, at his pleasure let him extend a large number in loose ranks ; or let him make them fight, arranging (a small number) in the needle-
- 7.192
स्यन्दनाश्वैः समे युध्येदनूपे नौ द्विपैस्तथा ।वृक्षगुल्मावृते चापैरसिचर्मायुधैः स्थले
syandanāśvaiḥ same yudhyedanūpe nau dvipaistathā |vṛkṣagulmāvṛte cāpairasicarmāyudhaiḥ sthale
On even ground let him fight with chariots and horses, in water-bound places with boats and elephants, on (ground) covered with trees and shrubs with bows, on hilly ground with swords, targets, (and
- 7.193
कुरुक्षेत्रांश्च मत्स्यांश्च पञ्चालाञ् शूरसेनजान् ।दीर्घांल्लघूंश्चैव नरानग्रानीकेषु योजयेत्
kurukṣetrāṃśca matsyāṃśca pañcālāñ śūrasenajān |dīrghāṃllaghūṃścaiva narānagrānīkeṣu yojayet
(Men born in) Kurukshetra, Matsyas, Pa#- >§alas, and those born in 6urasena, let him cause to fight in the van of the battle, as well as (others who are) tall and light.
- 7.194
प्रहर्षयेद्बलं व्यूह्य तांश्च सम्यक्परीक्षयेत् ।चेष्टाश्चैव विजानीयादरीन्योधयतां अपि
praharṣayedbalaṃ vyūhya tāṃśca samyakparīkṣayet |ceṣṭāścaiva vijānīyādarīnyodhayatāṃ api
After arranging his troops, he should en- courage them (by an address) and carefully inspect them ; he should also mark the behaviour (of the soldiers) when they engage the enemy.
- 7.195
उपरुध्यारिं आसीत राष्ट्रं चास्योपपीडयेत् ।दूषयेच्चास्य सततं यवसान्नोदकेन्धनम्
uparudhyāriṃ āsīta rāṣṭraṃ cāsyopapīḍayet |dūṣayeccāsya satataṃ yavasānnodakendhanam
When he has shut up his foe (in a town), let him sit encamped, harass his kingdom, and con- tinually spoil his grass, food, fuel, and water.
- 7.196
भिन्द्याच्चैव तडागानि प्राकारपरिखास्तथा ।समवस्कन्दयेच्चैनं रात्रौ वित्रासयेत्तथा
bhindyāccaiva taḍāgāni prākāraparikhāstathā |samavaskandayeccainaṃ rātrau vitrāsayettathā
Likewise let him destroy the tanks, ramparts, and ditches, and let him assail the (foe unawares) and alarm him at night.
- 7.197
उपजप्यानुपजपेद्बुध्येतैव च तत्कृतम् ।युक्ते च दैवे युध्येत जयप्रेप्सुरपेतभीः
upajapyānupajapedbudhyetaiva ca tatkṛtam |yukte ca daive yudhyeta jayaprepsurapetabhīḥ
Let him instigate to rebellion those who are open to such instigations, let him be informed of his (foe's) doings, and, when fate is propitious, let him fight without fear, trying to conquer.
- 7.198
साम्ना दानेन भेदेन समस्तैरथ वा पृथक् ।विजेतुं प्रयतेतारीन्न युद्धेन कदा चन
sāmnā dānena bhedena samastairatha vā pṛthak |vijetuṃ prayatetārīnna yuddhena kadā cana
He should (however) try to conquer his foes by conciliation, by (well-applied) gifts, and by creating dissension, used either separately or con- jointly, never by fighting, (if it can be avoided.)
- 7.199
अनित्यो विजयो यस्माद्दृश्यते युध्यमानयोः ।पराजयश्च संग्रामे तस्माद्युद्धं विवर्जयेत्
anityo vijayo yasmāddṛśyate yudhyamānayoḥ |parājayaśca saṃgrāme tasmādyuddhaṃ vivarjayet
For when two (princes) fight, victory and defeat in the battle are, as experience teaches, uncertain ; let him therefore avoid an engagement.
- 7.200
त्रयाणां अप्युपायानां पूर्वोक्तानां असंभवे ।तथा युध्येत संपन्नो विजयेत रिपून्यथा
trayāṇāṃ apyupāyānāṃ pūrvoktānāṃ asaṃbhave |tathā yudhyeta saṃpanno vijayeta ripūnyathā
(But) if even those three before-mentioned expedients fail, then let him, duly exerting himself, fight in such a manner that he may completely conquer his enemies.
- 7.201
जित्वा संपूजयेद्देवान्ब्राह्मणांश्चैव धार्मिकान् ।प्रदद्यात्परिहारार्थं ख्यापयेदभयानि च
jitvā saṃpūjayeddevānbrāhmaṇāṃścaiva dhārmikān |pradadyātparihārārthaṃ khyāpayedabhayāni ca
When he has gained victory, let him duly worship the gods and honour righteous Brahma/^as, let him grant exemptions, and let him cause promises of safety to be proclaimed.
- 7.202
सर्वेषां तु विदित्वैषां समासेन चिकीर्षितम् ।स्थापयेत्तत्र तद्वंश्यं कुर्याच्च समयक्रियाम्
sarveṣāṃ tu viditvaiṣāṃ samāsena cikīrṣitam |sthāpayettatra tadvaṃśyaṃ kuryācca samayakriyām
But having fully ascertained the wishes of all the (conquered), let him place rhprp a reUuvp of the (vanquished ruler on thp throne\ and let him impose his conditions.
- 7.203
प्रमाणानि च कुर्वीत तेषां धर्मान्यथोदितान् ।रत्नैश्च पूजयेदेनं प्रधानपुरुषैः सह
pramāṇāni ca kurvīta teṣāṃ dharmānyathoditān |ratnaiśca pūjayedenaṃ pradhānapuruṣaiḥ saha
Let him make authoritative the lawful (cus- toms) of the (inhabitants), just as they are stated (to be), and let him honour the (new king) and his chief servants with precious gifts.
- 7.204
आदानं अप्रियकरं दानं च प्रियकारकम् ।अभीप्सितानां अर्थानां काले युक्तं प्रशस्यते
ādānaṃ apriyakaraṃ dānaṃ ca priyakārakam |abhīpsitānāṃ arthānāṃ kāle yuktaṃ praśasyate
The seizure of desirable property which causes displeasure, and its distribution which causes pleasure, are both recommendable, (if they are) re- sorted to at the proper time.
- 7.205
सर्वं कर्मेदं आयत्तं विधाने दैवमानुषे ।तयोर्दैवं अचिन्त्यं तु मानुषे विद्यते क्रिया
sarvaṃ karmedaṃ āyattaṃ vidhāne daivamānuṣe |tayordaivaṃ acintyaṃ tu mānuṣe vidyate kriyā
All undertakings (in) this (world) depend both on the ordering of fate and on human exertion ; but among these two (the ways of) fate are unfathom- able ; in the case of man's work action is possible.
- 7.206
सह वापि व्रजेद्युक्तः संधिं कृत्वा प्रयत्नतः ।मित्रं हिरण्यं भूमिं वा संपश्यंस्त्रिविधं फलम्
saha vāpi vrajedyuktaḥ saṃdhiṃ kṛtvā prayatnataḥ |mitraṃ hiraṇyaṃ bhūmiṃ vā saṃpaśyaṃstrividhaṃ phalam
Or (the king, bent on conquest), considering a friend, gold, and land (to be) the triple result (of an expedition), may, using diligent care, make peace with (his foe) and return (to his realm).
- 7.207
पार्ष्णिग्राहं च संप्रेक्ष्य तथाक्रन्दं च मण्डले ।मित्रादथाप्यमित्राद्वा यात्राफलं अवाप्नुयात्
pārṣṇigrāhaṃ ca saṃprekṣya tathākrandaṃ ca maṇḍale |mitrādathāpyamitrādvā yātrāphalaṃ avāpnuyāt
Having paid due attention to any king in the circle (of neighbouring states) who might attack him in the rear, and to his supporter who opposes
- 7.208
हिरण्यभूमिसंप्राप्त्या पार्थिवो न तथैधते ।यथा मित्रं ध्रुवं लब्ध्वा कृशं अप्यायतिक्षमम्
hiraṇyabhūmisaṃprāptyā pārthivo na tathaidhate |yathā mitraṃ dhruvaṃ labdhvā kṛśaṃ apyāyatikṣamam
By gaining gold and land a king grows not so much in strength as by obtaining a firm friend, (who), though weak, (may become) powerful in the future.
- 7.209
धर्मज्ञं च कृतज्ञं च तुष्टप्रकृतिं एव च ।अनुरक्तं स्थिरारम्भं लघुमित्रं प्रशस्यते
dharmajñaṃ ca kṛtajñaṃ ca tuṣṭaprakṛtiṃ eva ca |anuraktaṃ sthirārambhaṃ laghumitraṃ praśasyate
A weak friend (even) is greatly commended, who is righteous (and) grateful, whose people are contented, who is attached and persevering in his undertakings.
- 7.210
प्राज्ञं कुलीनं शूरं च दक्षं दातारं एव च ।कृतज्ञं धृतिमन्तं च कष्टं आहुररिं बुधाः
prājñaṃ kulīnaṃ śūraṃ ca dakṣaṃ dātāraṃ eva ca |kṛtajñaṃ dhṛtimantaṃ ca kaṣṭaṃ āhurariṃ budhāḥ
The wise declare him (to be) a most dangerous jjoe, who is wise, of noble race, brave, clever, liberal, grateful, and firm.
- 7.211
आर्यता पुरुषज्ञानं शौर्यं करुणवेदिता ।स्थौललक्ष्यं च सततं उदासीनगुणोदयः
āryatā puruṣajñānaṃ śauryaṃ karuṇaveditā |sthaulalakṣyaṃ ca satataṃ udāsīnaguṇodayaḥ
Behaviour worthy of an Aryan, knowledge of men, bravery, a compassionate disposition, and great liberality are the virtues of a neutral_Jwho may be courted).
- 7.212
क्सेम्यां सस्यप्रदां नित्यं पशुवृद्धिकरीं अपि ।परित्यजेन्नृपो भूमिं आत्मार्थं अविचारयन्
ksemyāṃ sasyapradāṃ nityaṃ paśuvṛddhikarīṃ api |parityajennṛpo bhūmiṃ ātmārthaṃ avicārayan
Let the king, without hesitation, quit for his own sake even a country (which is) salubrious, fertile, and causing an increase of cattle. Ragh. that the king, bent on conquest, shall secure his back before
- 7.213
आपदर्थं धनं रक्षेद्दारान्रक्षेद्धनैरपि ।आत्मानं सततं रक्षेद्दारैरपि धनैरपि
āpadarthaṃ dhanaṃ rakṣeddārānrakṣeddhanairapi |ātmānaṃ satataṃ rakṣeddārairapi dhanairapi
For times of need let him preserve his wealth ; at the expense of his wealth let him preserve his wife ; let him at all events preserve himself even by (giving up) his wife and his wealth.
- 7.214
सह सर्वाः समुत्पन्नाः प्रसमीक्ष्यापदो भृशम् ।संयुक्तांश्च वियुक्तांश्च सर्वोपायान्सृजेद्बुधः
saha sarvāḥ samutpannāḥ prasamīkṣyāpado bhṛśam |saṃyuktāṃśca viyuktāṃśca sarvopāyānsṛjedbudhaḥ
A wise (king), seeing that all kinds of mis- fortunes violently assail him at the same time, should try all (the four) expedients, be it together or separately, (in order to save himself.)
- 7.215
उपेतारं उपेयं च सर्वोपायांश्च कृत्स्नशः ।एतत्त्रयं समाश्रित्य प्रयतेतार्थसिद्धये
upetāraṃ upeyaṃ ca sarvopāyāṃśca kṛtsnaśaḥ |etattrayaṃ samāśritya prayatetārthasiddhaye
On the person who employs the expedients, on the business to be accomplished, and on all the expedients collectively, on these three let him ponder and strive to accomplish his ends.
- 7.216
एवं सर्वं इदं राजा सह सम्मन्त्र्य मन्त्रिभिः ।व्यायम्याप्लुत्य मध्याह्ने भोक्तुं अन्तःपुरं विशेत्
evaṃ sarvaṃ idaṃ rājā saha sammantrya mantribhiḥ |vyāyamyāplutya madhyāhne bhoktuṃ antaḥpuraṃ viśet
Having thus consulted with his ministers on all these (matters), having taken exercise, and having bathed afterwards, the king may enter the harem at midday in order to dine.
- 7.217
तत्रात्मभूतैः कालज्ञैरहार्यैः परिचारकैः ।सुपरीक्षितं अन्नाद्यं अद्यान्मन्त्रैर्विषापहैः
tatrātmabhūtaiḥ kālajñairahāryaiḥ paricārakaiḥ |suparīkṣitaṃ annādyaṃ adyānmantrairviṣāpahaiḥ
There he may eat food, (which has been prepared) by faithful, incorruptible (servants) who know the (proper) time (for dining), which has been well examined (and hallowed) by sacred texts that .
- 7.218
विषघ्नैरगदैश्चास्य सर्वद्रव्याणि योजयेत् ।विषघ्नानि च रत्नानि नियतो धारयेत्सदा
viṣaghnairagadaiścāsya sarvadravyāṇi yojayet |viṣaghnāni ca ratnāni niyato dhārayetsadā
Let him mix all his food with medicines (that are) antidotes against poison, and let him always be careful to wear gems which destroy poison.
- 7.219
परीक्षिताः स्त्रियश्चैनं व्यजनोदकधूपनैः ।वेषाभरणसंशुद्धाः स्पृशेयुः सुसमाहिताः
parīkṣitāḥ striyaścainaṃ vyajanodakadhūpanaiḥ |veṣābharaṇasaṃśuddhāḥ spṛśeyuḥ susamāhitāḥ
Well-tried females whose toilet and orna- ments have been examined, shall attentively serve him with fans, water, and perfumes.
- 7.220
एवं प्रयत्नं कुर्वीत यानशय्यासनाशने ।स्नाने प्रसाधने चैव सर्वालङ्कारकेषु च
evaṃ prayatnaṃ kurvīta yānaśayyāsanāśane |snāne prasādhane caiva sarvālaṅkārakeṣu ca
In like manner let him be careful about his carriages, bed, seat, bath, toilet, and all his ornaments.
- 7.221
भुक्तवान्विहरेच्चैव स्त्रीभिरन्तःपुरे सह ।विहृत्य तु यथाकालं पुनः कार्याणि चिन्तयेत्
bhuktavānvihareccaiva strībhirantaḥpure saha |vihṛtya tu yathākālaṃ punaḥ kāryāṇi cintayet
When he has dined, he may divert himself with his wives in the harem ; but when he has diverted himself, he must, in due time, again think of the affairs of state.
- 7.222
अलंकृतश्च संपश्येदायुधीयं पुनर्जनम् ।वाहनानि च सर्वाणि शस्त्राण्याभरणानि च
alaṃkṛtaśca saṃpaśyedāyudhīyaṃ punarjanam |vāhanāni ca sarvāṇi śastrāṇyābharaṇāni ca
Adorned (with his robes of state), let him again inspect his fighting men, all his chariots and beasts of burden, the weapons and accoutrements.
- 7.223
संध्यां चोपास्य शृणुयादन्तर्वेश्मनि शस्त्रभृत् ।रहस्याख्यायिनां चैव प्रणिधीनां च चेष्टितम्
saṃdhyāṃ copāsya śṛṇuyādantarveśmani śastrabhṛt |rahasyākhyāyināṃ caiva praṇidhīnāṃ ca ceṣṭitam
Having performed his twilight-devotions, let him, well armed, hear in an inner apartment the doings of those who make secret reports and of his spies.
- 7.224
गत्वा कक्षान्तरं त्वन्यत्समनुज्ञाप्य तं जनम् ।प्रविशेद्भोजनार्थं च स्त्रीवृतोऽन्तःपुरं पुनः
gatvā kakṣāntaraṃ tvanyatsamanujñāpya taṃ janam |praviśedbhojanārthaṃ ca strīvṛto'ntaḥpuraṃ punaḥ
But going to another secret apartment and dismissing those people, he may enter the harem, surrounded by female (servants), in order to dine again.
- 7.255
तत्र भुक्त्वा पुनः किं चित्तूर्यघोषैः प्रहर्षितः ।संविशेत्तं यथाकालं उत्तिष्ठेच्च गतक्लमः
tatra bhuktvā punaḥ kiṃ cittūryaghoṣaiḥ praharṣitaḥ |saṃviśettaṃ yathākālaṃ uttiṣṭhecca gataklamaḥ
- 7.226
एतद्विधानं आतिष्ठेदरोगः पृथिवीपतिः ।अस्वस्थः सर्वं एतत्तु भृत्येषु विनियोजयेत्
etadvidhānaṃ ātiṣṭhedarogaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ |asvasthaḥ sarvaṃ etattu bhṛtyeṣu viniyojayet
A king who is in good health must observe these rules ; but, if he is indisposed, he may entrust all this (business) to his servants.