Swaveda

Manusmriti (Laws of Manu) · Chapter 11

Adhyaya 11: Penances and Expiations

Translated by Georg Bühler (1886, Sacred Books of the East Vol 25, public domain), 1886. Public domain.

Original script:
  1. 11.1

    सान्तानिकं यक्ष्यमाणं अध्वगं सार्ववेदसम् ।गुर्वर्थं पितृमात्रर्थं स्वाध्यायार्थ्युपतापिनः

    sāntānikaṃ yakṣyamāṇaṃ adhvagaṃ sārvavedasam |gurvarthaṃ pitṛmātrarthaṃ svādhyāyārthyupatāpinaḥ

    'O sinless One, the whole sacred law, (appli- cable) to the four castes, has been declared by thee ; communicate to us (now), according to the truth, the ultimate retribution for (their) deeds.'

  2. 11.2

    न वै तान्स्नातकान्विद्याद्ब्राह्मणान्धर्मभिक्षुकान् ।निःस्वेभ्यो देयं एतेभ्यो दानं विद्याविशेषतः

    na vai tānsnātakānvidyādbrāhmaṇāndharmabhikṣukān |niḥsvebhyo deyaṃ etebhyo dānaṃ vidyāviśeṣataḥ

    To the great sages (who addressed him thus) righteous Bhrzgu, sprung from Manu, answered, • Hear the decision concerning this whole connexion with actions.'

  3. 11.3

    एतेभ्यो हि द्विजाग्र्येभ्यो देयं अन्नं सदक्षिणम् ।इतरेभ्यो बहिर्वेदि कृतान्नं देयं उच्यते

    etebhyo hi dvijāgryebhyo deyaṃ annaṃ sadakṣiṇam |itarebhyo bahirvedi kṛtānnaṃ deyaṃ ucyate

    Action, which springs from the mind, from speech, and from the body, produces either good or evil results ; by action are caused the (various) con- ditions of men, the highest, the middling, and the

  4. 11.4

    सर्वरत्नानि राजा तु यथार्हं प्रतिपादयेत् ।ब्राह्मणान्वेदविदुषो यज्ञार्थं चैव दक्षिणाम्

    sarvaratnāni rājā tu yathārhaṃ pratipādayet |brāhmaṇānvedaviduṣo yajñārthaṃ caiva dakṣiṇām

    Know that the mind is the instigator here Sawhita, not those read in the Brahmawa or those recited according to the Samhitapa/^a, not those recited according to the Pada or KramapaMas.' Gov. gives the first explanation only.

  5. 11.5

    कृतदारोऽपरान्दारान्भिक्षित्वा योऽधिगच्छति ।रतिमात्रं फलं तस्य द्रव्यदातुस्तु संततिः

    kṛtadāro'parāndārānbhikṣitvā yo'dhigacchati |ratimātraṃ phalaṃ tasya dravyadātustu saṃtatiḥ

    Ap. II, 1 o, 3. The object of the verse is to forbid that alms shall be asked or given for such a purpose (Gov., Kull.). Medh., Gov., Nar., Ragh., and K. omit this verse. It looks very much like an interpolation, intended to explain the preceding rule.

  6. 11.6

    धनानि तु यथाशक्ति विप्रेषु प्रतिपादयेत् ।वेदवित्सु विविक्तेषु प्रेत्य स्वर्गं समश्नुते

    dhanāni tu yathāśakti vipreṣu pratipādayet |vedavitsu vivikteṣu pretya svargaṃ samaśnute

  7. 11.7

    यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्तं पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये ।अधिकं वापि विद्येत स सोमं पातुं अर्हति

    yasya traivārṣikaṃ bhaktaṃ paryāptaṃ bhṛtyavṛttaye |adhikaṃ vāpi vidyeta sa somaṃ pātuṃ arhati

    Vas. VIII, 10 ; Vi. LIX, 8 ; YSgii. I, 124. ' Drink the Soma- juice/ i.e. 'perform a Soma- sacrifice, in order to obtain the fulfil- ment of some wish ' (Medh., Gov., Kull., Ragh.).

  8. 11.8

    अतः स्वल्पीयसि द्रव्ये यः सोमं पिबति द्विजः ।स पीतसोमपूर्वोऽपि न तस्याप्नोति तत्फलम्

    ataḥ svalpīyasi dravye yaḥ somaṃ pibati dvijaḥ |sa pītasomapūrvo'pi na tasyāpnoti tatphalam

    But a twice-born man, who, though possessing less than that amount of property, nevertheless drinks the Soma-juice, does not derive any benefit from that (act), though he may have formerly drunk

  9. 11.9

    शक्तः परजने दाता स्वजने दुःखजीविनि ।मध्वापातो विषास्वादः स धर्मप्रतिरूपकः

    śaktaḥ parajane dātā svajane duḥkhajīvini |madhvāpāto viṣāsvādaḥ sa dharmapratirūpakaḥ

    (If) an opulent man (is) liberal towards strangers, while his family lives in distress, that counterfeit virtue will first make him taste the sweets (of fame, but afterwards) make him swallow

  10. 11.10

    भृत्यानां उपरोधेन यत्करोत्यौर्ध्वदेहिकम् ।तद्भवत्यसुखोदर्कं जीवतश्च मृतस्य च

    bhṛtyānāṃ uparodhena yatkarotyaurdhvadehikam |tadbhavatyasukhodarkaṃ jīvataśca mṛtasya ca

    If (a man) does anything for the sake of his happiness in another world, to the detriment of those whom he is bound to maintain, that produces evil re- sults for him, both while he lives. and when he is dead.

  11. 11.11

    यज्ञश्चेत्प्रतिरुद्धः स्यादेकेनाङ्गेन यज्वनः ।ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेन धार्मिके सति राजनि

    yajñaścetpratiruddhaḥ syādekenāṅgena yajvanaḥ |brāhmaṇasya viśeṣena dhārmike sati rājani

    If a sacrifice, (offered) by (any twice-born) sacrificer, (and) especially by a Brahma^a, must remain incomplete through (the want of) one requi- site, while a righteous king rules,

  12. 11.12

    यो वैश्यः स्याद्बहुपशुर्हीनक्रतुरसोमपः ।कुटुम्बात्तस्य तद्द्रव्यं आहरेद्यज्ञसिद्धये

    yo vaiśyaḥ syādbahupaśurhīnakraturasomapaḥ |kuṭumbāttasya taddravyaṃ āharedyajñasiddhaye

    That article (required) for the completion of the sacrifice, may be taken (forcibly) from the house of any VaLsya, who possesses a large number of cattle, (but) neither performs the (minor) sacri-

  13. 11.13

    आहरेत्त्रीणि वा द्वे वा कामं शूद्रस्य वेश्मनः ।न हि शूद्रस्य यज्ञेषु कश्चिदस्ति परिग्रहः

    āharettrīṇi vā dve vā kāmaṃ śūdrasya veśmanaḥ |na hi śūdrasya yajñeṣu kaścidasti parigrahaḥ

    The verse is found Rig-veda VI, 51,8. According to Nar. the Mantras must be muttered 108 times.

  14. 11.14

    योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः ।तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यां आहरेदविचारयन्

    yo'nāhitāgniḥ śatagurayajvā ca sahasraguḥ |tayorapi kuṭumbābhyāṃ āharedavicārayan

    If (a man) possessing one hundred cows, kindles not the sacred fire, or one possessing a thousand cows, drinks not the Soma-juice, a (sacri- ficer) may unhesitatingly take (what he requires)

  15. 11.15

    आदाननित्याच्चादातुराहरेदप्रयच्छतः ।तथा यशोऽस्य प्रथते धर्मश्चैव प्रवर्धते

    ādānanityāccādāturāharedaprayacchataḥ |tathā yaśo'sya prathate dharmaścaiva pravardhate

    (Or) he may take (it by force or fraud) from one who always takes and never gives, and who refuses to give it ; thus the fame (of the taker) will spread and his merit increase.

  16. 11.16

    तथाऐव सप्तमे भक्ते भक्तानि षडनश्नता ।अश्वस्तनविधानेन हर्तव्यं हीनकर्मणः

    tathāaiva saptame bhakte bhaktāni ṣaḍanaśnatā |aśvastanavidhānena hartavyaṃ hīnakarmaṇaḥ

    Likewise he who has not eaten at (the time of) six meals, may take at (the time of) the seventh meal (food) from a man who neglects his sacred

  17. 11.17

    खलात्क्षेत्रादगाराद्वा यतो वाप्युपलभ्यते ।आख्यातव्यं तु तत्तस्मै पृच्छते यदि पृच्छति

    khalātkṣetrādagārādvā yato vāpyupalabhyate |ākhyātavyaṃ tu tattasmai pṛcchate yadi pṛcchati

    Either from the threshing-floor, or from a field, or out of the house, or wherever he finds it ; but if (the owner) asks him, he must confess to him that (deed and its cause).

  18. 11.18

    ब्राह्मणस्वं न हर्तव्यं क्षत्रियेण कदा चन ।दस्युनिष्क्रिययोस्तु स्वं अजीवन्हर्तुं अर्हति

    brāhmaṇasvaṃ na hartavyaṃ kṣatriyeṇa kadā cana |dasyuniṣkriyayostu svaṃ ajīvanhartuṃ arhati

    (On such occasions) a Kshatriya must never take the property of a (virtuous) Brahma^a ; but he who is starving may appropriate the possessions of a Dasyu, or of one who neglects his sacred duties.

  19. 11.19

    योऽसाधुभ्योऽर्थं आदाय साधुभ्यः संप्रयच्छति ।स कृत्वा प्लवं आत्मानं संतारयति तावुभौ

    yo'sādhubhyo'rthaṃ ādāya sādhubhyaḥ saṃprayacchati |sa kṛtvā plavaṃ ātmānaṃ saṃtārayati tāvubhau

    He who takes property from the wicked and bestows it on the virtuous, transforms himself into a boat, and carries both (over the sea of misfortune).

  20. 11.20

    यद्धनं यज्ञशीलानां देवस्वं तद्विदुर्बुधाः ।अयज्वनां तु यद्वित्तं आसुरस्वं तदुच्यते

    yaddhanaṃ yajñaśīlānāṃ devasvaṃ tadvidurbudhāḥ |ayajvanāṃ tu yadvittaṃ āsurasvaṃ taducyate

    The property of those who zealously offer sacrifices, the wise call the property of the gods ; but the wealth of those who perform no sacrifices is called the property of the Asuras.

  21. 11.21

    न तस्मिन्धारयेद्दण्डं धार्मिकः पृथिवीपतिः ।क्षत्रियस्य हि बालिश्याद्ब्राह्मणः सीदति क्षुधा

    na tasmindhārayeddaṇḍaṃ dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ |kṣatriyasya hi bāliśyādbrāhmaṇaḥ sīdati kṣudhā

    On him (who, for the reasons stated, appro- priates another's possessions), a righteous king shall not inflict punishment ; for (in that case) a Brah- ma^a pines with hunger through the Kshatriya's

  22. 11.22

    तस्य भृत्यजनं ज्ञात्वा स्वकुटुम्बान्महीपतिः ।श्रुतशीले च विज्ञाय वृत्तिं धर्म्यां प्रकल्पयेत्

    tasya bhṛtyajanaṃ jñātvā svakuṭumbānmahīpatiḥ |śrutaśīle ca vijñāya vṛttiṃ dharmyāṃ prakalpayet

    Having ascertained the number of those de- pendent on such a man, and having fully considered his learning and his conduct, the king shall allow him, out of his own property, a maintenance whereon

  23. 11.23

    कल्पयित्वास्य वृत्तिं च रक्षेदेनं समन्ततः ।राजा हि धर्मषड्भागं तस्मात्प्राप्नोति रक्षितात्

    kalpayitvāsya vṛttiṃ ca rakṣedenaṃ samantataḥ |rājā hi dharmaṣaḍbhāgaṃ tasmātprāpnoti rakṣitāt

    And after allotting to him a maintenance, the |

  24. 11.24

    न यज्ञार्थं धनं शूद्राद्विप्रो भिक्षेत कर्हि चित् ।यजमानो हि भिक्षित्वा चण्डालः प्रेत्य जायते

    na yajñārthaṃ dhanaṃ śūdrādvipro bhikṣeta karhi cit |yajamāno hi bhikṣitvā caṇḍālaḥ pretya jāyate

    A Brahma/za shall never beg from a .5udra property for a sacrifice ; for a sacrificer, having begged (it from such a man), after death is born (again) as a Kandala..

  25. 11.25

    याज्ञार्थं अर्थं भिक्षित्वा यो न सर्वं प्रयच्छति ।स याति भासतां विप्रः काकतां वा शतं समाः

    yājñārthaṃ arthaṃ bhikṣitvā yo na sarvaṃ prayacchati |sa yāti bhāsatāṃ vipraḥ kākatāṃ vā śataṃ samāḥ

    A Brahma;za who, having begged any pro- perty for a sacrifice, does not use the whole (for that purpose), becomes for a hundred years a (vulture of the kind called) Bhasa, or a crow.

  26. 11.26

    देवस्वं ब्राह्मणस्वं वा लोभेनोपहिनस्ति यः ।स पापात्मा परे लोके गृध्रोच्छिष्टेन जीवति

    devasvaṃ brāhmaṇasvaṃ vā lobhenopahinasti yaḥ |sa pāpātmā pare loke gṛdhrocchiṣṭena jīvati

    That sinful man, who, through covetousness, seizes the property of the gods, or the property of Brahma/zas, feeds in another world on the leavings of vultures.

  27. 11.27

    इष्टिं वैश्वानरीं नित्यं निर्वपेदब्दपर्यये ।क्ल्प्तानां पशुसोमानां निष्कृत्यर्थं असंभवे

    iṣṭiṃ vaiśvānarīṃ nityaṃ nirvapedabdaparyaye |klptānāṃ paśusomānāṃ niṣkṛtyarthaṃ asaṃbhave

    In case the prescribed animal and Soma- sacrifices cannot be performed, let him always offer at the change of the year a Vaisvanarl Ish^i as a penance (for the omission).

  28. 11.28

    आपत्कल्पेन यो धर्मं कुरुतेऽनापदि द्विजः ।स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य परत्रेति विचारितम्

    āpatkalpena yo dharmaṃ kurute'nāpadi dvijaḥ |sa nāpnoti phalaṃ tasya paratreti vicāritam

    But a twice-born, who, without being in dis- tress, performs his duties according to the law for times of distress, obtains no reward for them in the next world ; that is the opinion (of the sages).

  29. 11.29

    विश्वैश्च देवैः साध्यैश्च ब्राह्मणैश्च महर्षिभिः ।आपत्सु मरणाद्भीतैर्विधेः प्रतिनिधिः कृतः

    viśvaiśca devaiḥ sādhyaiśca brāhmaṇaiśca maharṣibhiḥ |āpatsu maraṇādbhītairvidheḥ pratinidhiḥ kṛtaḥ

    By the Visve-devas, by the Sadhyas, and by the great sages (of the) Brahma^a (caste), who were afraid of perishing in times of distress, a substitute was made for the (principal) rule.

  30. 11.30

    प्रभुः प्रथमकल्पस्य योऽनुकल्पेन वर्तते ।न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम्

    prabhuḥ prathamakalpasya yo'nukalpena vartate |na sāṃparāyikaṃ tasya durmatervidyate phalam

    That evil-minded man, who, being able (to fulfil) the original law, lives according to the secondary rule, reaps no reward for that after death.

  31. 11.31

    न ब्राह्मणो वेदयेत किं चिद्राजनि धर्मवित् ।स्ववीर्येणैव ताञ् शिष्यान्मानवानपकारिणः

    na brāhmaṇo vedayeta kiṃ cidrājani dharmavit |svavīryeṇaiva tāñ śiṣyānmānavānapakāriṇaḥ

    A Brahma;za who knows the law need not bring any (offence) to the notice of the king ; by his own power alone he can punish those men who injure him.

  32. 11.32

    स्ववीर्याद्राजवीर्याच्च स्ववीर्यं बलवत्तरम् ।तस्मात्स्वेनैव वीर्येण निगृह्णीयादरीन्द्विजः

    svavīryādrājavīryācca svavīryaṃ balavattaram |tasmātsvenaiva vīryeṇa nigṛhṇīyādarīndvijaḥ

    His own power is greater than the power of the king ; the Brahma^a, therefore, may punish his I foes by his own power alone. 2,3. Let him use without hesitation the sacred

  33. 11.33

    श्रुतीरथर्वाङ्गिरसीः कुर्यादित्यविचारयन् ।वाक्शस्त्रं वै ब्राह्मणस्य तेन हन्यादरीन्द्विजः

    śrutīratharvāṅgirasīḥ kuryādityavicārayan |vākśastraṃ vai brāhmaṇasya tena hanyādarīndvijaḥ

    'The sacred texts, revealed by Atharvan and Angiras,' i.e. the charms and incantations contained in the Atharva-veda. Nar. reads abhi/£arayan, 'using magic,' instead of aviHrayan (Medh., Gov., Kull., K.). Nand. reads, jrutir atharvangirasU kuryad it)

  34. 11.34

    क्षत्रियो बाहुवीर्येण तरेदापदं आत्मनः ।धनेन वैश्यशूद्रौ तु जपहोमैर्द्विजोत्तमः

    kṣatriyo bāhuvīryeṇa taredāpadaṃ ātmanaḥ |dhanena vaiśyaśūdrau tu japahomairdvijottamaḥ

    A Kshatriya shall pass through misfortunes which have befallen him by the strength of his arms, a VaLsya and a ^Sudra by their wealth, the chief of the twice-born by muttered prayers and

  35. 11.35

    विधाता शासिता वक्ता मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते ।तस्मै नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कां गिरं ईरयेत्

    vidhātā śāsitā vaktā maitro brāhmaṇa ucyate |tasmai nākuśalaṃ brūyānna śuṣkāṃ giraṃ īrayet

    The Brahma/za is declared (to be) the creator (of the world), the punisher, the teacher, (and hence) a benefactor (of all created beings) ; to him let no man say anything unpropitious, nor use any harsh

  36. 11.36

    न वै कन्या न युवतिर्नाल्पविद्यो न बालिशः ।होता स्यादग्निहोत्रस्य नार्तो नासंस्कृतस्तथा

    na vai kanyā na yuvatirnālpavidyo na bāliśaḥ |hotā syādagnihotrasya nārto nāsaṃskṛtastathā

  37. 11.37

    नरके हि पतन्त्येते जुह्वन्तः स च यस्य तत् ।तस्माद्वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद्वेदपारगः

    narake hi patantyete juhvantaḥ sa ca yasya tat |tasmādvaitānakuśalo hotā syādvedapāragaḥ

    For such (persons) offering a burnt-oblation sink into hell, as well as he to whom that (Agni- hotra) belongs ; hence the person who sacrifices (for another) must be skilled in (the performance of)

  38. 11.38

    प्राजापत्यं अदत्त्वाश्वं अग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम् ।अनाहिताग्निर्भवति ब्राह्मणो विभवे सति

    prājāpatyaṃ adattvāśvaṃ agnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām |anāhitāgnirbhavati brāhmaṇo vibhave sati

    A Brahma;za who, though wealthy, does not give, as fee for the performance of an Agnyadheya, a horse sacred to Pra^apati, becomes (equal to one) who has not kindled the sacred fires.

  39. 11.39

    पुण्यान्यन्यानि कुर्वीत श्रद्दधानो जितेन्द्रियः ।न त्वल्पदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्यजेतेह कथं चन

    puṇyānyanyāni kurvīta śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ |na tvalpadakṣiṇairyajñairyajeteha kathaṃ cana

    Let him who has faith and controls his senses perform other meritorious acts, but let him on no account offer sacrifices at which he gives smaller fees (than those prescribed).

  40. 11.40

    इन्द्रियाणि यशः स्वर्गं आयुः कीर्तिं प्रजाः पशून् ।हन्त्यल्पदक्षिणो यज्ञस्तस्मान्नाल्पधनो यजेत्

    indriyāṇi yaśaḥ svargaṃ āyuḥ kīrtiṃ prajāḥ paśūn |hantyalpadakṣiṇo yajñastasmānnālpadhano yajet

    The organs (of sense and action), honour, (bliss in) heaven, longevity, fame, offspring, and cattle are destroyed by a sacrifice at which (too) small sacrificial fees are given ; hence a man of

  41. 11.41

    अग्निहोत्र्यपविध्याग्नीन्ब्राह्मणः कामकारतः ।चान्द्रायणं चरेन्मासं वीरहत्यासमं हि तत्

    agnihotryapavidhyāgnīnbrāhmaṇaḥ kāmakārataḥ |cāndrāyaṇaṃ carenmāsaṃ vīrahatyāsamaṃ hi tat

    A Brahma/za who, being an Agnihotrin, voluntarily neglects the sacred fires, shall perform a lunar penance during one month ; for that (offence) is equal to the slaughter of a son.

  42. 11.42

    ये शूद्रादधिगम्यार्थं अग्निहोत्रं उपासते ।ऋत्विजस्ते हि शूद्राणां ब्रह्मवादिषु गर्हिताः

    ye śūdrādadhigamyārthaṃ agnihotraṃ upāsate |ṛtvijaste hi śūdrāṇāṃ brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ

    Those who, obtaining wealth from .Stidras, (and using that) offer an Agnihotra, are priests officiating for 6udras, (and hence) censured among those who recite the Veda.

  43. 11.43

    तेषां सततं अज्ञानां वृषलाग्न्युपसेविनाम् ।पदा मस्तकं आक्रम्य दाता दुर्गाणि संतरेत्

    teṣāṃ satataṃ ajñānāṃ vṛṣalāgnyupasevinām |padā mastakaṃ ākramya dātā durgāṇi saṃtaret

    Treading with his foot on the heads of those fools who worship a fire (kindled at the expense) of a £udra, the giver (of the wealth) shall always pass over his miseries (in the next world).

  44. 11.44

    अकुर्वन्विहितं कर्म निन्दितं च समाचरन् ।प्रसक्तश्चेन्द्रियार्थेषु प्रायश्चित्तीयते नरः

    akurvanvihitaṃ karma ninditaṃ ca samācaran |prasaktaścendriyārtheṣu prāyaścittīyate naraḥ

    A man who omits a prescribed act, or per- forms a blamable act, or cleaves to sensual enjoy- ments, must perform a penance.

  45. 11.45

    अकामतः कृते पापे प्रायश्चित्तं विदुर्बुधाः ।कामकारकृतेऽप्याहुरेके श्रुतिनिदर्शनात्

    akāmataḥ kṛte pāpe prāyaścittaṃ vidurbudhāḥ |kāmakārakṛte'pyāhureke śrutinidarśanāt

    (All) sages prescribe a penance for a sin unintentionally committed ; some declare, on the evidence of the revealed texts, (that it may be performed) even for an intentional (offence).

  46. 11.46

    अकामतः कृतं पापं वेदाभ्यासेन शुध्यति ।कामतस्तु कृतं मोहात्प्रायश्चित्तैः पृथग्विधैः

    akāmataḥ kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ vedābhyāsena śudhyati |kāmatastu kṛtaṃ mohātprāyaścittaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ

    A sin unintentionally committed is expiated by the recitation of Vedic texts, but that which (men) in their folly commit intentionally, by various (special) penances.

  47. 11.47

    प्रायश्चित्तीयतां प्राप्य दैवात्पूर्वकृतेन वा ।न संसर्गं व्रजेत्सद्भिः प्रायश्चित्तेऽकृते द्विजः

    prāyaścittīyatāṃ prāpya daivātpūrvakṛtena vā |na saṃsargaṃ vrajetsadbhiḥ prāyaścitte'kṛte dvijaḥ

    A twice-born man, having become liable to perform a penance, be it by (the decree of) fate or by (an act) committed in a former life, must not, before the penance has been performed, have inter-

  48. 11.48

    इह दुश्चरितैः के चित्के चित्पूर्वकृतैस्तथा ।प्राप्नुवन्ति दुरात्मानो नरा रूपविपर्ययम्

    iha duścaritaiḥ ke citke citpūrvakṛtaistathā |prāpnuvanti durātmāno narā rūpaviparyayam

    Some wicked men suffer a change of their

  49. 11.49

    सुवर्णचौरः कौनख्यं सुरापः श्यावदन्तताम् ।ब्रह्महा क्षयरोगित्वं दौश्चर्म्यं गुरुतल्पगः

    suvarṇacauraḥ kaunakhyaṃ surāpaḥ śyāvadantatām |brahmahā kṣayarogitvaṃ dauścarmyaṃ gurutalpagaḥ

    He who steals the gold (of a Brahma^a) has diseased nails ; a drinker of (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, black teeth ; the slayer of a Brahma^a, consumption ; the violator of a Gurus bed, a dis-

  50. 11.50

    पिशुनः पौतिनासिक्यं सूचकः पूतिवक्त्रताम् ।धान्यचौरोऽङ्गहीनत्वं आतिरैक्यं तु मिश्रकः

    piśunaḥ pautināsikyaṃ sūcakaḥ pūtivaktratām |dhānyacauro'ṅgahīnatvaṃ ātiraikyaṃ tu miśrakaḥ

  51. 11.51

    अन्नहर्तामयावित्वं मौक्यं वागपहारकः ।वस्त्रापहारकः श्वैत्र्यं पङ्गुतां अश्वहारकः

    annahartāmayāvitvaṃ maukyaṃ vāgapahārakaḥ |vastrāpahārakaḥ śvaitryaṃ paṅgutāṃ aśvahārakaḥ

    A stealer of (cooked) food, dyspepsia ; a stealer of the words (of the Veda), dumbness ; a stealer of clothes, white leprosy; a horse-stealer, lameness.

  52. 11.52

    एवं कर्मविशेषेण जायन्ते सद्विगर्हिताः ।जडमूकान्धबधिरा विकृताकृतयस्तथा

    evaṃ karmaviśeṣeṇa jāyante sadvigarhitāḥ |jaḍamūkāndhabadhirā vikṛtākṛtayastathā

    The stealer of a lamp will become blind; he who extinguishes it will become one-eyed ; injury (to sentient beings) is punished by general sickli- ness ; an adulterer (will have) swellings (in his

  53. 11.53

    चरितव्यं अतो नित्यं प्रायश्चित्तं विशुद्धये ।निन्द्यैर्हि लक्षणैर्युक्ता जायन्तेऽनिष्कृतैनसः

    caritavyaṃ ato nityaṃ prāyaścittaṃ viśuddhaye |nindyairhi lakṣaṇairyuktā jāyante'niṣkṛtainasaḥ

    Thus in consequence of a remnant of (the guilt of former) crimes, are born idiots, dumb, blind, deaf, and deformed men, who are (all) despised by the virtuous.

  54. 11.54

    ब्रह्महत्या सुरापानं स्तेयं गुर्वङ्गनागमः ।महान्ति पातकान्याहुः संसर्गश्चापि तैः सह

    brahmahatyā surāpānaṃ steyaṃ gurvaṅganāgamaḥ |mahānti pātakānyāhuḥ saṃsargaścāpi taiḥ saha

    Penances, therefore, must always be per- formed for the sake of purification, because those

  55. 11.55

    अनृतं च समुत्कर्षे राजगामि च पैशुनम् ।गुरोश्चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया

    anṛtaṃ ca samutkarṣe rājagāmi ca paiśunam |guroścālīkanirbandhaḥ samāni brahmahatyayā

    Killing a Brahma^a, drinking (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, stealing (the gold of a Brah- ma/^a), adultery with a Guru's wife, and associating with such (offenders), they declare (to be) mortal

  56. 11.56

    ब्रह्मोज्झता वेदनिन्दा कौटसाक्ष्यं सुहृद्वधः ।गर्हितानाद्ययोर्जग्धिः सुरापानसमानि षट्

    brahmojjhatā vedanindā kauṭasākṣyaṃ suhṛdvadhaḥ |garhitānādyayorjagdhiḥ surāpānasamāni ṣaṭ

    Falsely attributing to oneself high birth, giving information to the king (regarding a crime), and falsely accusing one's teacher, (are offences) equal to slaying a Brahma/za.

  57. 11.57

    निक्षेपस्यापहरणं नराश्वरजतस्य च ।भूमिवज्रमणीनां च रुक्मस्तेयसमं स्मृतम्

    nikṣepasyāpaharaṇaṃ narāśvarajatasya ca |bhūmivajramaṇīnāṃ ca rukmasteyasamaṃ smṛtam

    Forgetting the Veda, reviling the Vedas, giving false evidence, slaying a friend, eating for- bidden food, or (swallowing substances) unfit for food, are six (offences) equal to drinking Sura.

  58. 11.58

    रेतःसेकः स्वयोनीषु कुमारीष्वन्त्यजासु च ।सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु गुरुतल्पसमं विदुः

    retaḥsekaḥ svayonīṣu kumārīṣvantyajāsu ca |sakhyuḥ putrasya ca strīṣu gurutalpasamaṃ viduḥ

    Stealing a deposit, or men, a horse, and silver, land, diamonds and (other) gems, is declared to be equal to stealing the gold (of a Brahma/za).

  59. 11.59

    गोवधोऽयाज्यसंयाज्यं पारदार्यात्मविक्रयः ।गुरुमातृपितृत्यागः स्वाध्यायाग्न्योः सुतस्य च

    govadho'yājyasaṃyājyaṃ pāradāryātmavikrayaḥ |gurumātṛpitṛtyāgaḥ svādhyāyāgnyoḥ sutasya ca

    Carnal intercourse with sisters by the same ( mother, with (unmarried) maidens, with females of \ 55-71. Ap. I, 21, 7-19; Gaut. XXI, 1-12; Vas. I, 19-23; Baudh. II, 2, 1-8; 12-13; 15-16; Vi. XXXIV, 1; XXXV-

  60. 11.60

    परिवित्तितानुजेऽनूढे परिवेदनं एव च ।तयोर्दानं च कन्यायास्तयोरेव च याजनम्

    parivittitānuje'nūḍhe parivedanaṃ eva ca |tayordānaṃ ca kanyāyāstayoreva ca yājanam

    Slaying kine, sacrificing for those who are un- worthy to sacrifice, adultery, selling oneself, casting off one's teacher, mother, father, or son, giving up the (daily) study of the Veda, and neglecting the

  61. 11.61

    कन्याया दूषणं चैव वार्धुष्यं व्रतलोपनम् ।तडागारामदाराणां अपत्यस्य च विक्रयः

    kanyāyā dūṣaṇaṃ caiva vārdhuṣyaṃ vratalopanam |taḍāgārāmadārāṇāṃ apatyasya ca vikrayaḥ

    Allowing one's younger brother to marry first, marrying before one's elder brother, giving a daughter to, or sacrificing for, (either brother),

  62. 11.62

    व्रात्यता बान्धवत्यागो भृत्याध्यापनं एव च ।भृत्या चाध्ययनादानं अपण्यानां च विक्रयः

    vrātyatā bāndhavatyāgo bhṛtyādhyāpanaṃ eva ca |bhṛtyā cādhyayanādānaṃ apaṇyānāṃ ca vikrayaḥ

    Defiling a damsel, usury, breaking a vow, selling a tank, a garden, one's wife, or child,

  63. 11.63

    सर्वाकारेष्वधीकारो महायन्त्रप्रवर्तनम् ।हिंसौषधीनां स्त्र्याजीवोऽभिचारो मूलकर्म च

    sarvākāreṣvadhīkāro mahāyantrapravartanam |hiṃsauṣadhīnāṃ stryājīvo'bhicāro mūlakarma ca

    Living as a Vratya, casting off a relative, teaching (the Veda) for wages, learning (the Veda) from a paid teacher, and selling goods which one ought not to sell,

  64. 11.64

    इन्धनार्थं अशुष्काणां द्रुमाणां अवपातनम् ।आत्मार्थं च क्रियारम्भो निन्दितान्नादनं तथा

    indhanārthaṃ aśuṣkāṇāṃ drumāṇāṃ avapātanam |ātmārthaṃ ca kriyārambho ninditānnādanaṃ tathā

    Superintending mines (or factories) of any

  65. 11.65

    अनाहिताग्निता स्तेयं ऋणानां अनपक्रिया ।असच्छाष्ट्राधिगमनं कौशीलव्यस्य च क्रिया

    anāhitāgnitā steyaṃ ṛṇānāṃ anapakriyā |asacchāṣṭrādhigamanaṃ kauśīlavyasya ca kriyā

    Cutting down green trees for firewood, doing acts for one's own advantage only, eating prohi- bited food,

  66. 11.66

    धान्यकुप्यपशुस्तेयं मद्यपस्त्रीनिषेवणम् ।स्त्रीशूद्रविट्क्षत्रवधो नास्तिक्यं चोपपातकम्

    dhānyakupyapaśusteyaṃ madyapastrīniṣevaṇam |strīśūdraviṭkṣatravadho nāstikyaṃ copapātakam

    Neglecting to kindle the sacred fires, theft, non-payment of (the three) debts, studying bad books, and practising (the arts of) dancing and singing,

  67. 11.67

    ब्राह्मणस्य रुजः कृत्वा घ्रातिरघ्रेयमद्ययोः ।जैह्म्यं च मैथुनं पुंसि जातिभ्रंशकरं स्मृतम्

    brāhmaṇasya rujaḥ kṛtvā ghrātiraghreyamadyayoḥ |jaihmyaṃ ca maithunaṃ puṃsi jātibhraṃśakaraṃ smṛtam

    Stealing grain, base metals, or cattle, inter- e. g. ' constructing dams across rivers in order to stop the water ' (Medh., Gov., Kull., Ragh., K.), means according to Nar. 'making machines for killing great animals such as boars,' according to

  68. 11.68

    खराश्वोष्ट्रमृगेभानां अजाविकवधस्तथा ।संकरीकरणं ज्ञेयं मीनाहिमहिषस्य च

    kharāśvoṣṭramṛgebhānāṃ ajāvikavadhastathā |saṃkarīkaraṇaṃ jñeyaṃ mīnāhimahiṣasya ca

    Giving pain to a Brahman (by a blow), smelling at things which ought not to be smelt at, or at spirituous liquor, cheating, and an unnatural offence with a man, are declared to cause the loss

  69. 11.69

    निन्दितेभ्यो धनादानं वाणिज्यं शूद्रसेवनम् ।अपात्रीकरणं ज्ञेयं असत्यस्य च भाषणम्

    ninditebhyo dhanādānaṃ vāṇijyaṃ śūdrasevanam |apātrīkaraṇaṃ jñeyaṃ asatyasya ca bhāṣaṇam

    Killing a donkey, a horse, a camel, a deer, an elephant, a goat, a sheep, a fish, a snake, or a buffalo, must be known to degrade (the offender) to a mixed caste (Sawkarikara/za).

  70. 11.70

    कृमिकीटवयोहत्या मद्यानुगतभोजनम् ।फलैधःकुसुमस्तेयं अधैर्यं च मलावहम्

    kṛmikīṭavayohatyā madyānugatabhojanam |phalaidhaḥkusumasteyaṃ adhairyaṃ ca malāvaham

    Accepting presents from blamed men, trading, serving 6udras, and speaking a falsehood, make (the offender) unworthy to receive gifts (Apatra).

  71. 11.71

    एतान्येनांसि सर्वाणि यथोक्तानि पृथक्पृथक् ।यैर्यैर्व्रतैरपोह्यन्ते तानि सम्यङ्निबोधत

    etānyenāṃsi sarvāṇi yathoktāni pṛthakpṛthak |yairyairvratairapohyante tāni samyaṅnibodhata

    Killing insects, small or large, or birds, eating anything kept close to spirituous liquors, stealing fruit, firewood, or flowers, (are offences) which make impure (Malavaha).

  72. 11.72

    ब्रह्महा द्वादश समाः कुटीं कृत्वा वने वसेत् ।भैक्षाश्यात्मविशुद्ध्यर्थं कृत्वा शवशिरो ध्वजम्

    brahmahā dvādaśa samāḥ kuṭīṃ kṛtvā vane vaset |bhaikṣāśyātmaviśuddhyarthaṃ kṛtvā śavaśiro dhvajam

    Learn (now) completely those penances, by means of which all the several offences mentioned (can) be expiated.

  73. 11.73

    लक्ष्यं शस्त्रभृतां वा स्याद्विदुषां इच्छयात्मनः ।प्रास्येदात्मानं अग्नौ वा समिद्धे त्रिरवाक्शिराः

    lakṣyaṃ śastrabhṛtāṃ vā syādviduṣāṃ icchayātmanaḥ |prāsyedātmānaṃ agnau vā samiddhe triravākśirāḥ

    For his purification the slayer of a Brahma/za shall make a hut in the forest and dwell (in it)

  74. 11.74

    यजेत वाश्वमेधेन स्वर्जिता गोसवेन वा ।अभिजिद्विश्वजिद्भ्यां वा त्रिवृताग्निष्टुतापि वा

    yajeta vāśvamedhena svarjitā gosavena vā |abhijidviśvajidbhyāṃ vā trivṛtāgniṣṭutāpi vā

    Or let him, of his own free will, become (in a battle) the target of archers who know (his pur- pose); or he may thrice throw himself headlong into a blazing fire ;

  75. 11.75

    जपन्वान्यतमं वेदं योजनानां शतं व्रजेत् ।ब्रह्महत्यापनोदाय मितभुङ्नियतेन्द्रियः

    japanvānyatamaṃ vedaṃ yojanānāṃ śataṃ vrajet |brahmahatyāpanodāya mitabhuṅniyatendriyaḥ

    Or he may offer a horse-sacrifice, a Svar^it, a Gosava, an Abhi^it, a Visva^it, a Trivr/t, or an Agnish/ut ;

  76. 11.76

    सर्वस्वं वेदविदुषे ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत् ।धनं हि जीवनायालं गृहं वा सपरिच्छदम्

    sarvasvaṃ vedaviduṣe brāhmaṇāyopapādayet |dhanaṃ hi jīvanāyālaṃ gṛhaṃ vā saparicchadam

    Or, in order to remove (the guilt of) slaying a Brahma^a, he may walk one hundred yo^anas, reciting one of the Vedas, eating little, and con- trolling his organs ;

  77. 11.77

    हविष्यभुग्वानुसरेत्प्रतिस्रोतः सरस्वतीम् ।जपेद्वा नियताहारस्त्रिर्वै वेदस्य संहिताम्

    haviṣyabhugvānusaretpratisrotaḥ sarasvatīm |japedvā niyatāhārastrirvai vedasya saṃhitām

    I read with Medh., Gov., and K., dhanazzz hi instead of the Vedas, his whole property, as much wealth as suffices for the maintenance (of the recipient), or a house together with the furniture ;

  78. 11.78

    कृतवापनो निवसेद्ग्रामान्ते गोव्रजेऽपि वा ।आश्रमे वृक्षमूले वा गोब्राह्मणहिते रतः

    kṛtavāpano nivasedgrāmānte govraje'pi vā |āśrame vṛkṣamūle vā gobrāhmaṇahite rataḥ

    According to the BhavishyapunUa, quoted by Kull. and Ragh., the first penance is to be performed by an unlearned Brahma/za who intentionally killed an utterly worthless caste- fellow, the second by an exceedingly distinguished -Srotriya who

  79. 11.79

    ब्राह्मणार्थे गवार्थे वा सद्यः प्राणान्परित्यजेत् ।मुच्यते ब्रह्महत्याया गोप्ता गोर्ब्राह्मणस्य च

    brāhmaṇārthe gavārthe vā sadyaḥ prāṇānparityajet |mucyate brahmahatyāyā goptā gorbrāhmaṇasya ca

    Having shaved off (all his hair), he may dwell at the extremity of the village, or in a cow-pen, or in a hermitage, or at the root of a tree, taking pleasure in doing good to cows and Brahma;zas.

  80. 11.80

    त्रिवारं प्रतिरोद्धा वा सर्वस्वं अवजित्य वा ।विप्रस्य तन्निमित्ते वा प्राणालाभे विमुच्यते

    trivāraṃ pratiroddhā vā sarvasvaṃ avajitya vā |viprasya tannimitte vā prāṇālābhe vimucyate

    He who unhesitatingly abandons life for the sake of Brahma/zas or of cows, is freed from (the guilt of) the murder of a Brahma^a, and (so is he) who saves (the life of) a cow, or of a Brahma/za.

  81. 11.81

    एवं दृढव्रतो नित्यं ब्रह्मचारी समाहितः ।समाप्ते द्वादशे वर्षे ब्रह्महत्यां व्यपोहति

    evaṃ dṛḍhavrato nityaṃ brahmacārī samāhitaḥ |samāpte dvādaśe varṣe brahmahatyāṃ vyapohati

  82. 11.82

    शिष्ट्वा वा भूमिदेवानां नरदेवसमागमे ।स्वं एनोऽवभृथस्नातो हयमेधे विमुच्यते

    śiṣṭvā vā bhūmidevānāṃ naradevasamāgame |svaṃ eno'vabhṛthasnāto hayamedhe vimucyate

    He who thus (remains) always firm in his vow, chaste, and of concentrated mind, removes after the lapse of twelve years (the guilt of) slaying a Brahmazza.

  83. 11.83

    धर्मस्य ब्राह्मणो मूलं अग्रं राजन्य उच्यते ।तस्मात्समागमे तेषां एनो विख्याप्य शुध्यति

    dharmasya brāhmaṇo mūlaṃ agraṃ rājanya ucyate |tasmātsamāgame teṣāṃ eno vikhyāpya śudhyati

    Or he who, after confessing his crime in an assembly of the gods of the earth, (Brahmazzas), and the gods of men (Kshatriyas), bathes (with the priests) at the close of a horse-sacrifice, is (also)

  84. 11.84

    ब्रह्मणः संभवेनैव देवानां अपि दैवतम् ।प्रमाणं चैव लोकस्य ब्रह्मात्रैव हि कारणम्

    brahmaṇaḥ saṃbhavenaiva devānāṃ api daivatam |pramāṇaṃ caiva lokasya brahmātraiva hi kāraṇam

    The Brahmazza is declared (to be) the root of the sacred law and the Kshatriya its top ; hence he who has confessed his sin before an assembly of such men, becomes pure. ^

  85. 11.85

    तेषां वेदविदो ब्रूयुस्त्रयोऽप्येनः सुनिष्कृतिम् ।सा तेषां पावनाय स्यात्पवित्रा विदुषां हि वाक्

    teṣāṃ vedavido brūyustrayo'pyenaḥ suniṣkṛtim |sā teṣāṃ pāvanāya syātpavitrā viduṣāṃ hi vāk

    By his origin alone a Brahmazza is a deity even for the gods, and (his teaching is) authoritative for men, because the Veda is the foundation for that. \

  86. 11.86

    अतोऽन्यतमं आस्थाय विधिं विप्रः समाहितः ।ब्रह्महत्याकृतं पापं व्यपोहत्यात्मवत्तया

    ato'nyatamaṃ āsthāya vidhiṃ vipraḥ samāhitaḥ |brahmahatyākṛtaṃ pāpaṃ vyapohatyātmavattayā

    (If) only three of them who are learned in the Veda proclaim the expiation for offences, that shall purify the (sinners) ; for the words of learned men are a means of purification.

  87. 11.87

    हत्वा गर्भं अविज्ञातं एतदेव व्रतं चरेत् ।राजन्यवैश्यौ चेजानावात्रेयीं एव च स्त्रियम्

    hatvā garbhaṃ avijñātaṃ etadeva vrataṃ caret |rājanyavaiśyau cejānāvātreyīṃ eva ca striyam

    A Brahma^a who, with a concentrated mind, follows any of the (above-mentioned) rules, removes the sin committed by slaying a Brahma^a through his self-control.

  88. 11.88

    उक्त्वा चैवानृतं साक्ष्ये प्रतिरुध्य गुरुं तथा ।अपहृत्य च निःक्षेपं कृत्वा च स्त्रीसुहृद्वधम्

    uktvā caivānṛtaṃ sākṣye pratirudhya guruṃ tathā |apahṛtya ca niḥkṣepaṃ kṛtvā ca strīsuhṛdvadham

    For destroying the embryo (of a Brahma^a, the sex of which was) unknown, for slaying a Ksha- triya or a Vai^ya who are (engaged in or) have offered a (Vedic) sacrifice, or a (Brahma^a) woman who has

  89. 11.89

    इयं विशुद्धिरुदिता प्रमाप्याकामतो द्विजम् ।कामतो ब्राह्मणवधे निष्कृतिर्न विधीयते

    iyaṃ viśuddhiruditā pramāpyākāmato dvijam |kāmato brāhmaṇavadhe niṣkṛtirna vidhīyate

    Likewise for giving false evidence (in an important cause), for passionately abusing the teacher, for stealing a deposit, and for killing (his) wife or his friend.

  90. 11.90

    सुरां पीत्वा द्विजो मोहादग्निवर्णां सुरां पिबेत् ।तया स काये निर्दग्धे मुच्यते किल्बिषात्ततः

    surāṃ pītvā dvijo mohādagnivarṇāṃ surāṃ pibet |tayā sa kāye nirdagdhe mucyate kilbiṣāttataḥ

    This expiation has been prescribed for unin- 88-89. Ap. I, 24, 6-9, 23 ; Gaut. XXII, 11-14 ; Vas. XX, 34-36 Baudh. II, 1, 12 ; Vi. L, 7-10 ; LII, 4 ; Y&gn. Ill, 251.

  91. 11.91

    गोमूत्रं अग्निवर्णं वा पिबेदुदकं एव वा ।पयो घृतं वा मरणाद्गोशकृद्रसं एव वा

    gomūtraṃ agnivarṇaṃ vā pibedudakaṃ eva vā |payo ghṛtaṃ vā maraṇādgośakṛdrasaṃ eva vā

    A twice-born man who has (intentionally) drunk, through delusion of mind, (the spirituous liquor called) Sura shall drink that liquor boiling- hot ; when his body has been completely scalded

  92. 11.92

    कणान्वा भक्षयेदब्दं पिण्याकं वा सकृन्निशि ।सुरापानापनुत्त्यर्थं वालवासा जटी ध्वजी

    kaṇānvā bhakṣayedabdaṃ piṇyākaṃ vā sakṛnniśi |surāpānāpanuttyarthaṃ vālavāsā jaṭī dhvajī

    Or he may drink cow's urine, water, milk, clarified butter or (liquid) cowdung boiling-hot, until he dies ;

  93. 11.93

    सुरा वै मलं अन्नानां पाप्मा च मलं उच्यते ।तस्माद्ब्राह्मणराजन्यौ वैश्यश्च न सुरां पिबेत्

    surā vai malaṃ annānāṃ pāpmā ca malaṃ ucyate |tasmādbrāhmaṇarājanyau vaiśyaśca na surāṃ pibet

    Or, in order to remove (the guilt of) drinking Sura, he may eat during a year once (a day) at night grains (of rice) or oilcake, wearing clothes made of cowhair and his own hair in braids and

  94. 11.94

    गौडी पैष्टी च माध्वी च विज्ञेया त्रिविधा सुरा ।यथैवैका तथा सर्वा न पातव्या द्विजोत्तमैः

    gauḍī paiṣṭī ca mādhvī ca vijñeyā trividhā surā |yathaivaikā tathā sarvā na pātavyā dvijottamaiḥ

    Sura, indeed, is the dirty refuse (mala) of grain, .sin _also_J J_jcalled_ dirt Jmala) ; hence a Brahma/za, a Kshatriya, and a VaLsya shall not drink Sura.

  95. 11.95

    यक्षरक्षःपिशाचान्नं मद्यं मांसं सुरासवम् ।तद्ब्राह्मणेन नात्तव्यं देवानां अश्नता हविः

    yakṣarakṣaḥpiśācānnaṃ madyaṃ māṃsaṃ surāsavam |tadbrāhmaṇena nāttavyaṃ devānāṃ aśnatā haviḥ

    Sura one must know to be of three kinds, that distilled from molasses (gauaft), that distilled from ground rice, and that distilled from Madhuka- flowers (madhvi) ; as the one (named above) even

  96. 11.96

    अमेध्ये वा पतेन्मत्तो वैदिकं वाप्युदाहरेत् ।अकार्यं अन्यत्कुर्याद्वा ब्राह्मणो मदमोहितः

    amedhye vā patenmatto vaidikaṃ vāpyudāharet |akāryaṃ anyatkuryādvā brāhmaṇo madamohitaḥ

    Sura, (all other) intoxicating drinks and de- coctions and flesh are the food of the Yakshas, Rakshasas, and Pi^a^as ; a Brahma^a who eats (the remnants of) the offerings consecrated to the gods,

  97. 11.97

    यस्य कायगतं ब्रह्म मद्येनाप्लाव्यते सकृत् ।तस्य व्यपैति ब्राह्मण्यं शूद्रत्वं च स गच्छति

    yasya kāyagataṃ brahma madyenāplāvyate sakṛt |tasya vyapaiti brāhmaṇyaṃ śūdratvaṃ ca sa gacchati

    A Brahma/za, stupefied by drunkenness, might fall on something impure, or (improperly) pronounce Vedic (texts), or commit some other act which ought not to be committed.

  98. 11.98

    एषा विचित्राभिहिता सुरापानस्य निष्कृतिः ।अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि सुवर्णस्तेयनिष्कृतिम्

    eṣā vicitrābhihitā surāpānasya niṣkṛtiḥ |ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi suvarṇasteyaniṣkṛtim

    When the Brahman (the Veda) which dwells in his body is (even) once (only) deluged with spirituous liquor, his Brahmanhood forsakes hi and he becomes a ,5udra.

  99. 11.99

    सुवर्णस्तेयकृद्विप्रो राजानं अभिगम्य तु ।स्वकर्म ख्यापयन्ब्रूयान्मां भवाननुशास्त्विति

    suvarṇasteyakṛdvipro rājānaṃ abhigamya tu |svakarma khyāpayanbrūyānmāṃ bhavānanuśāstviti

    The various expiations for drinking (the spirituous liquors called) Sura have thus been ex- plained; I will next proclaim the atonement for stealing the gold (of a Brahma/za).

  100. 11.100

    गृहीत्वा मुसलं राजा सकृद्धन्यात्तु तं स्वयम् ।वधेन शुध्यति स्तेनो ब्राह्मणस्तपसैव तु

    gṛhītvā musalaṃ rājā sakṛddhanyāttu taṃ svayam |vadhena śudhyati steno brāhmaṇastapasaiva tu

    A Brahma^a who has stolen the gold (of a Brahma^a) shall go to the king and, confessing his deed, say, ( Lord, punish me F 10 1. Taking (from him) the club (which he must

  101. 11.101

    तपसापनुनुत्सुस्तु सुवर्णस्तेयजं मलम् ।चीरवासा द्विजोऽरण्ये चरेद्ब्रह्महणो व्रतम्

    tapasāpanunutsustu suvarṇasteyajaṃ malam |cīravāsā dvijo'raṇye caredbrahmahaṇo vratam

  102. 11.102

    एतैर्व्रतैरपोहेत पापं स्तेयकृतं द्विजः ।गुरुस्त्रीगमनीयं तु व्रतैरेभिरपानुदेत्

    etairvratairapoheta pāpaṃ steyakṛtaṃ dvijaḥ |gurustrīgamanīyaṃ tu vratairebhirapānudet

    He who desires to remove by austerities the guilt of stealing the gold (of a Brahma^a), shall per- form the penance (prescribed) for the slayer of a Brahma/za, (living) in a forest and dressed in (gar-

  103. 11.103

    गुरुतल्प्यभिभाष्यैनस्तप्ते स्वप्यादयोमये ।सूर्मीं ज्वलन्तीं स्वाश्लिष्येन्मृत्युना स विशुध्यति

    gurutalpyabhibhāṣyainastapte svapyādayomaye |sūrmīṃ jvalantīṃ svāśliṣyenmṛtyunā sa viśudhyati

    By these penances a twice-born man may remove the guilt incurred by a theft (of gold) ; but he may atone for connexion with a Guru's wife by the following penances.

  104. 11.104

    स्वयं वा शिष्णवृषणावुत्कृत्याधाय चाञ्जलौ ।नैरृतीं दिशं आतिष्ठेदा निपातादजिह्मगः

    svayaṃ vā śiṣṇavṛṣaṇāvutkṛtyādhāya cāñjalau |nairṛtīṃ diśaṃ ātiṣṭhedā nipātādajihmagaḥ

    He who has violated his Guru's bed, shall n 100-101. See above, VIII, 314-316. 10 1. At the end of the verse Gov., Kull., Nar., Ragh., Nand.,

  105. 11.105

    खट्वाङ्गी चीरवासा वा श्मश्रुलो विजने वने ।प्राजापत्यं चरेत्कृच्छ्रं अब्दं एकं समाहितः

    khaṭvāṅgī cīravāsā vā śmaśrulo vijane vane |prājāpatyaṃ caretkṛcchraṃ abdaṃ ekaṃ samāhitaḥ

    Or, having himself cut off his organ and his testicles and having taken them in his joined hands, he may walk straight towards the region of Nirrzti (the south-west), until he falls down (dead) ;

  106. 11.106

    चान्द्रायणं वा त्रीन्मासानभ्यस्येन्नियतेन्द्रियः ।हविष्येण यवाग्वा वा गुरुतल्पापनुत्तये

    cāndrāyaṇaṃ vā trīnmāsānabhyasyenniyatendriyaḥ |haviṣyeṇa yavāgvā vā gurutalpāpanuttaye

    Or, carrying the foot of a bedstead, dressed in (garments of) bark and allowing his beard to grow, he may, with a concentrated mind, perform during a whole year the Krz&Mra. (or hard, penance),

  107. 11.107

    एतैर्व्रतैरपोहेयुर्महापातकिनो मलम् ।उपपातकिनस्त्वेवं एभिर्नानाविधैर्व्रतैः

    etairvratairapoheyurmahāpātakino malam |upapātakinastvevaṃ ebhirnānāvidhairvrataiḥ

    Or, controlling his organs, he may during three months continuously perform the lunar penance, (subsisting) on sacrificial food or barley-gruel, in order to remove (the guilt of) violating a Guru's bed.

  108. 11.108

    उपपातकसंयुक्तो गोघ्नो मासं यवान्पिबेत् ।कृतवापो वसेद्गोष्ठे चर्मणा तेन संवृतः

    upapātakasaṃyukto goghno māsaṃ yavānpibet |kṛtavāpo vasedgoṣṭhe carmaṇā tena saṃvṛtaḥ

    By means of these penances men who have committed mortal sins (Mahapataka) may remove their guilt, but those who committed minor offences, causing loss of caste, (Upapataka, can do it) by the

  109. 11.109

    चतुर्थकालं अश्नीयादक्षारलवणं मितम् ।गोमूत्रेणाचरेत्स्नानं द्वौ मासौ नियतेन्द्रियः

    caturthakālaṃ aśnīyādakṣāralavaṇaṃ mitam |gomūtreṇācaretsnānaṃ dvau māsau niyatendriyaḥ

    He who has committed a minor offence by slaying a cow (or bull) shall drink during (the first) month (a decoction of) barley-grains ; having shaved all his hair, and covering himself with the hide (of

  110. 11.110

    दिवानुगच्छेद्गास्तास्तु तिष्ठन्नूर्ध्वं रजः पिबेत् ।शुश्रूषित्वा नमस्कृत्य रात्रौ वीरासनं वसेत्

    divānugacchedgāstāstu tiṣṭhannūrdhvaṃ rajaḥ pibet |śuśrūṣitvā namaskṛtya rātrau vīrāsanaṃ vaset

  111. 11.111

    तिष्ठन्तीष्वनुतिष्ठेत्तु व्रजन्तीष्वप्यनुव्रजेत् ।आसीनासु तथासीनो नियतो वीतमत्सरः

    tiṣṭhantīṣvanutiṣṭhettu vrajantīṣvapyanuvrajet |āsīnāsu tathāsīno niyato vītamatsaraḥ

  112. 11.112

    आतुरां अभिशस्तां वा चौरव्याघ्रादिभिर्भयैः ।पतितां पङ्कलग्नं वा सर्वोपायैर्विमोचयेत्

    āturāṃ abhiśastāṃ vā cauravyāghrādibhirbhayaiḥ |patitāṃ paṅkalagnaṃ vā sarvopāyairvimocayet

    Controlling himself and free from anger, he Lust stand when they stand, follow them when they walk, and seat himself when they lie down.

  113. 11.113

    उष्णे वर्षति शीते वा मारुते वाति वा भृशम् ।न कुर्वीतात्मनस्त्राणं गोरकृत्वा तु शक्तितः

    uṣṇe varṣati śīte vā mārute vāti vā bhṛśam |na kurvītātmanastrāṇaṃ gorakṛtvā tu śaktitaḥ

    (When a cow is) sick, or is threatened by langer from thieves, tigers, and the like, or falls, or >ticks in a morass, he must relieve her by all pos- ;ible means :

  114. 11.114

    आत्मनो यदि वान्येषां गृहे क्षेत्रेऽथ वा खले ।भक्षयन्तीं न कथयेत्पिबन्तं चैव वत्सकम्

    ātmano yadi vānyeṣāṃ gṛhe kṣetre'tha vā khale |bhakṣayantīṃ na kathayetpibantaṃ caiva vatsakam

    In heat, in rain, or in cold, or when the wind >lows violently, he must not seek to shelter himself, without (first) sheltering the cows according to his ability.

  115. 11.115

    अनेन विधिना यस्तु गोघ्नो गां अनुगच्छति ।स गोहत्याकृतं पापं त्रिभिर्मासैर्व्यपोहति

    anena vidhinā yastu goghno gāṃ anugacchati |sa gohatyākṛtaṃ pāpaṃ tribhirmāsairvyapohati

    Let him not say (a word), if a cow eats (anything) in his own or another's house or field or on the threshing-floor, or if a calf drinks (milk).

  116. 11.116

    वृषभैकादशा गाश्च दद्यात्सुचरितव्रतः ।अविद्यमाने सर्वस्वं वेदविद्भ्यो निवेदयेत्

    vṛṣabhaikādaśā gāśca dadyātsucaritavrataḥ |avidyamāne sarvasvaṃ vedavidbhyo nivedayet

    The slayer of a cow who serves cows in this sins/ in the sense of ' those equal to mortal sinners/ i. e. those offenders who have been enumerated above, verse 56 seq. 1 09-1 17. Ap. I, 26, 1 ; Gaut. XXII, 18 ; Vi. L, 16-24 ; Ya§7£. Ill,

  117. 11.117

    एतदेव व्रतं कुर्युरुपपातकिनो द्विजाः ।अवकीर्णिवर्ज्यं शुद्ध्यर्थं चान्द्रायणं अथापि वा

    etadeva vrataṃ kuryurupapātakino dvijāḥ |avakīrṇivarjyaṃ śuddhyarthaṃ cāndrāyaṇaṃ athāpi vā

    Ya§-fi. Ill, 265. 1 18-124. Ap. I, 26, 8; Gaut. XXV, 1-4; Vas. XXIII, 1-4 Baudh. II, 1, 30-35 ; Vi. XXVIII, 49-50 ; Y&gn. Ill, 280.

  118. 11.118

    अवकीर्णी तु काणेन गर्दभेन चतुष्पथे ।पाकयज्ञविधानेन यजेत निरृतिं निशि

    avakīrṇī tu kāṇena gardabhena catuṣpathe |pākayajñavidhānena yajeta nirṛtiṃ niśi

    According to Nar. and Nand., the lunar penance is to performed if the offence was committed unintentionally.

  119. 11.119

    हुत्वाग्नौ विधिवद्धोमानन्ततश्च समेत्यृचा ।वातेन्द्रगुरुवह्नीनां जुहुयात्सर्पिषाहुतीः

    hutvāgnau vidhivaddhomānantataśca sametyṛcā |vātendraguruvahnīnāṃ juhuyātsarpiṣāhutīḥ

    But a student who has broken his vow shall offer at night on a crossway to Nirmi a one-eyed ass, according to the rule of the Pakaya^as.

  120. 11.120

    कामतो रेतसः सेकं व्रतस्थस्य द्विजन्मनः ।अतिक्रमं व्रतस्याहुर्धर्मज्ञा ब्रह्मवादिनः

    kāmato retasaḥ sekaṃ vratasthasya dvijanmanaḥ |atikramaṃ vratasyāhurdharmajñā brahmavādinaḥ

    Having offered according to the rule obla- tions in the fire, he shall finally offer (four) oblations of clarified butter to Vata, to Indra, to the teacher (of the gods, Brzhaspati) and to Agni, reciting the

  121. 11.121

    मारुतं पुरुहूतं च गुरुं पावकं एव च ।चतुरो व्रतिनोऽभ्येति ब्राह्मं तेजोऽवकीर्णिनः

    mārutaṃ puruhūtaṃ ca guruṃ pāvakaṃ eva ca |caturo vratino'bhyeti brāhmaṃ tejo'vakīrṇinaḥ

    Those who know the Veda declare that a voluntary effusion of semen by a twice-born (youth} who fulfils the vow (of studentship constitutes) breach of that vow.

  122. 11.122

    एतस्मिन्नेनसि प्राप्ते वसित्वा गर्दभाजिनम् ।सप्तागारांश्चरेद्भैक्षं स्वकर्म परिकीर्तयन्

    etasminnenasi prāpte vasitvā gardabhājinam |saptāgārāṃścaredbhaikṣaṃ svakarma parikīrtayan

    The divine light which the Veda imparts t<

  123. 11.123

    तेभ्यो लब्धेन भैक्षेण वर्तयन्नेककालिकम् ।उपस्पृशंस्त्रिषवणं त्वब्देन स विशुध्यति

    tebhyo labdhena bhaikṣeṇa vartayannekakālikam |upaspṛśaṃstriṣavaṇaṃ tvabdena sa viśudhyati

    When this sin has been committed, he shall go begging to seven houses, dressed in the hide of the (sacrificed) ass, proclaiming his deed.

  124. 11.124

    जातिभ्रंशकरं कर्म कृत्वान्यतमं इच्छया ।चरेत्सांतपनं कृच्छ्रं प्राजापत्यं अनिच्छया

    jātibhraṃśakaraṃ karma kṛtvānyatamaṃ icchayā |caretsāṃtapanaṃ kṛcchraṃ prājāpatyaṃ anicchayā

    Subsisting on a single (daily meal that consists) of the alms obtained there and bathing at (the time of) the three savanas (morning, noon, and evening), he becomes pure after (the lapse of) one

  125. 11.125

    संकरापात्रकृत्यासु मासं शोधनं ऐन्दवम् ।मलिनीकरणीयेषु तप्तः स्याद्यावकैस्त्र्यहम्

    saṃkarāpātrakṛtyāsu māsaṃ śodhanaṃ aindavam |malinīkaraṇīyeṣu taptaḥ syādyāvakaistryaham

    For committing with intent any of the deeds which cause loss of caste ((^atibhra^wakara), (the offender) shall perform a Sa^tapana Krt&Mra. ; (for doing it) unintentionally, (the Krz&Mra) revealed

  126. 11.126

    तुरीयो ब्रह्महत्यायाः क्षत्रियस्य वधे स्मृतः ।वैश्येऽष्टमांशो वृत्तस्थे शूद्रे ज्ञेयस्तु षोडशः

    turīyo brahmahatyāyāḥ kṣatriyasya vadhe smṛtaḥ |vaiśye'ṣṭamāṃśo vṛttasthe śūdre jñeyastu ṣoḍaśaḥ

    As atonement for deeds which degrade to a mixed caste (Sa^kara), and for those which make a man unworthy to receive gifts (Apatra), (he shall perform) the lunar (penance) during a month ; for

  127. 11.127

    अकामतस्तु राजन्यं विनिपात्य द्विजोत्तमः ।वृषभैकसहस्रा गा दद्यात्सुचरितव्रतः

    akāmatastu rājanyaṃ vinipātya dvijottamaḥ |vṛṣabhaikasahasrā gā dadyātsucaritavrataḥ

    One-fourth (of the penance) for the murder of a Brahma/za is prescribed (as expiation) for (intentionally) killing a Kshatriya, one-eighth for

  128. 11.128

    त्र्यब्दं चरेद्वा नियतो जटी ब्रह्महणो व्रतम् ।वसन्दूरतरे ग्रामाद्वृक्षमूलनिकेतनः

    tryabdaṃ caredvā niyato jaṭī brahmahaṇo vratam |vasandūratare grāmādvṛkṣamūlaniketanaḥ

    But if a Brahma^a unintentionally kills a Kshatriya, he shall give, in order to purify himself, one thousand cows and a bull ;

  129. 11.129

    एतदेव चरेदब्दं प्रायश्चित्तं द्विजोत्तमः ।प्रमाप्य वैश्यं वृत्तस्थं दद्याच्चैकशतं गवाम्

    etadeva caredabdaṃ prāyaścittaṃ dvijottamaḥ |pramāpya vaiśyaṃ vṛttasthaṃ dadyāccaikaśataṃ gavām

    Or he may perform the penance prescribed for the murderer of a Brahma^a during three years, controlling himself, wearing his hair in braids, staying far away from the village, and dwelling at

  130. 11.130

    एतदेव व्रतं कृत्स्नं षण्मासाञ् शूद्रहा चरेत् ।वृषभैकादशा वापि दद्याद्विप्राय गाः सिताः

    etadeva vrataṃ kṛtsnaṃ ṣaṇmāsāñ śūdrahā caret |vṛṣabhaikādaśā vāpi dadyādviprāya gāḥ sitāḥ

    A Brahma/za who has slain a virtuous Vaisya, shall perform the same penance during one year, or he may give one hundred cows and one (bull).

  131. 11.131

    मार्जारनकुलौ हत्वा चाषं मण्डूकं एव च ।श्वगोधोलूककाकांश्च शूद्रहत्याव्रतं चरेत्

    mārjāranakulau hatvā cāṣaṃ maṇḍūkaṃ eva ca |śvagodholūkakākāṃśca śūdrahatyāvrataṃ caret

    He who has slain a .Sudra, shall perform that whole penance during six months, or he may also give ten white cows and one bull to a Brah- ma;za.

  132. 11.132

    पयः पिबेत्त्रिरात्रं वा योजनं वाध्वनो व्रजेत् ।उपस्पृशेत्स्रवन्त्यां वा सूक्तं वाब्दैवतं जपेत्

    payaḥ pibettrirātraṃ vā yojanaṃ vādhvano vrajet |upaspṛśetsravantyāṃ vā sūktaṃ vābdaivataṃ japet

    Having killed a cat, an ichneumon, a blue jay, a frog, a dog, an iguana, an owl, or a crow, he shall perform the penance for the murder of a .Sudra ;

  133. 11.133

    अभ्रिं कार्ष्णायसीं दद्यात्सर्पं हत्वा द्विजोत्तमः ।पलालभारकं षण्ढे सैसकं चैकमाषकम्

    abhriṃ kārṣṇāyasīṃ dadyātsarpaṃ hatvā dvijottamaḥ |palālabhārakaṃ ṣaṇḍhe saisakaṃ caikamāṣakam

    Or he may drink milk during three days, or walk one hundred yo^anas, or bathe in a river, or mutter the hymn addressed to the Waters.

  134. 11.134

    घृतकुम्भं वराहे तु तिलद्रोणं तु तित्तिरौ ।शुके द्विहायनं वत्सं क्रौञ्चं हत्वा त्रिहायनम्

    ghṛtakumbhaṃ varāhe tu tiladroṇaṃ tu tittirau |śuke dvihāyanaṃ vatsaṃ krauñcaṃ hatvā trihāyanam

    For killing a snake, a Brahma/za shall give a spade of black iron, for a eunuch a load of straw and a masha of lead ; particle va,'or,' takes the place of the copula, and thus one penance

  135. 11.135

    हत्वा हंसं बलाकां च बकं बर्हिणं एव च ।वानरं श्येनभासौ च स्पर्शयेद्ब्राह्मणाय गाम्

    hatvā haṃsaṃ balākāṃ ca bakaṃ barhiṇaṃ eva ca |vānaraṃ śyenabhāsau ca sparśayedbrāhmaṇāya gām

    For a boar a pot of clarified butter, for a partridge a dro^a of sesamum-grains, for a parrot a calf two years old, for a crane (a calf) three years old.

  136. 11.136

    वासो दद्याद्धयं हत्वा पञ्च नीलान्वृषान्गजम् ।अजमेषावनड्वाहं खरं हत्वैकहायनम्

    vāso dadyāddhayaṃ hatvā pañca nīlānvṛṣāngajam |ajameṣāvanaḍvāhaṃ kharaṃ hatvaikahāyanam

    If he has killed a Hawsa, a Balaka, a heron, a peacock, a monkey, a falcon, or a Bhasa, he shall give a cow to a Brahma^a.

  137. 11.137

    क्रव्यादांस्तु मृगान्हत्वा धेनुं दद्यात्पयस्विनीम् ।अक्रव्यादान्वत्सतरीं उष्ट्रं हत्वा तु कृष्णलम्

    kravyādāṃstu mṛgānhatvā dhenuṃ dadyātpayasvinīm |akravyādānvatsatarīṃ uṣṭraṃ hatvā tu kṛṣṇalam

    For killing a horse, he shall give a garment, for (killing) an elephant, five black bulls, for (killing) a goat, or a sheep, a draught-ox, for killing a donkey, (a calf) one year old ;

  138. 11.138

    जीनकार्मुकबस्तावीन्पृथग्दद्याद्विशुद्धये ।चतुर्णां अपि वर्णानां नारीर्हत्वानवस्थिताः

    jīnakārmukabastāvīnpṛthagdadyādviśuddhaye |caturṇāṃ api varṇānāṃ nārīrhatvānavasthitāḥ

    But for killing carnivorous wild beasts, he shall give a milch-cow, for (killing) wild beasts that are not carnivorous, a heifer, for killing a camel, one krishnahi.

  139. 11.139

    दानेन वधनिर्णेकं सर्पादीनां अशक्नुवन् ।एकैकशश्चरेत्कृच्छ्रं द्विजः पापापनुत्तये

    dānena vadhanirṇekaṃ sarpādīnāṃ aśaknuvan |ekaikaśaścaretkṛcchraṃ dvijaḥ pāpāpanuttaye

    For killing adulterous women of the four castes, he must give, in order to purify himself, respectively a leathern bag, a bow, a goat, or a sheep.

  140. 11.140

    अस्थिमतां तु सत्त्वानां सहस्रस्य प्रमापणे ।पूर्णे चानस्यनस्थ्नां तु शूद्रहत्याव्रतं चरेत्

    asthimatāṃ tu sattvānāṃ sahasrasya pramāpaṇe |pūrṇe cānasyanasthnāṃ tu śūdrahatyāvrataṃ caret

    A twice-born man, who is unable to atone by gifts for the slaughter of a serpent and the other (creatures mentioned), shall perform for each of them, a Kri&Mra (penance) in order to remove his

  141. 11.141

    किं चिदेव तु विप्राय दद्यादस्थिमतां वधे ।अनस्थ्नां चैव हिंसायां प्राणायामेन शुध्यति

    kiṃ cideva tu viprāya dadyādasthimatāṃ vadhe |anasthnāṃ caiva hiṃsāyāṃ prāṇāyāmena śudhyati

    But for destroying one thousand (small)

  142. 11.142

    फलदानां तु वृक्षाणां छेदने जप्यं ऋक्शतम् ।गुल्मवल्लीलतानां च पुष्पितानां च वीरुधाम्

    phaladānāṃ tu vṛkṣāṇāṃ chedane japyaṃ ṛkśatam |gulmavallīlatānāṃ ca puṣpitānāṃ ca vīrudhām

    But for killing (small) animals which have bones, he should give some trifle to a Brahma^a ; if he injures boneless (animals), he becomes pure by suppressing his breath (pra/zayama).

  143. 11.143

    अन्नाद्यजानां सत्त्वानां रसजानां च सर्वशः ।फलपुष्पोद्भवानां च घृतप्राशो विशोधनम्

    annādyajānāṃ sattvānāṃ rasajānāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ |phalapuṣpodbhavānāṃ ca ghṛtaprāśo viśodhanam

    For cutting fruit-trees, shrubs, creepers, lianas, or flowering plants, one hundred Rikas must be muttered.

  144. 11.144

    कृष्टजानां ओषधीनां जातानां च स्वयं वने ।वृथालम्भेऽनुगच्छेद्गां दिनं एकं पयोव्रतः

    kṛṣṭajānāṃ oṣadhīnāṃ jātānāṃ ca svayaṃ vane |vṛthālambhe'nugacchedgāṃ dinaṃ ekaṃ payovrataḥ

    (For destroying) any kind of creature, bred in food, in condiments, in fruit, or in flowers, the expiation is to eat clarified butter.

  145. 11.145

    एतैर्व्रतैरपोह्यं स्यादेनो हिंसासमुद्भवम् ।ज्ञानाज्ञानकृतं कृत्स्नं शृणुतानाद्यभक्षणे

    etairvratairapohyaṃ syādeno hiṃsāsamudbhavam |jñānājñānakṛtaṃ kṛtsnaṃ śṛṇutānādyabhakṣaṇe

    If a man destroys for no good purpose plants produced by cultivation, or such as spon- taneously spring up in the forest, he shall attend a cow during one day, subsisting on milk alone.

  146. 11.146

    अज्ञानाद्वारुणीं पीत्वा संस्कारेणैव शुध्यति ।मतिपूर्वं अनिर्देश्यं प्राणान्तिकं इति स्थितिः

    ajñānādvāruṇīṃ pītvā saṃskāreṇaiva śudhyati |matipūrvaṃ anirdeśyaṃ prāṇāntikaṃ iti sthitiḥ

    The guilt incurred intentionally or uninten- tionally by injuring (created beings) can be removed by means of these penances ; hear (now, how) all YSgii. Ill, 269. '(Small) animals that have bones/ i.e. 'lizards

  147. 11.147

    अपः सुराभाजनस्था मद्यभाण्डस्थितास्तथा ।पञ्चरात्रं पिबेत्पीत्वा शङ्खपुष्पीशृतं पयः

    apaḥ surābhājanasthā madyabhāṇḍasthitāstathā |pañcarātraṃ pibetpītvā śaṅkhapuṣpīśṛtaṃ payaḥ

    He who drinks unintentionally (the spiri- tuous liquor, called) Varu^l, becomes pure by being initiated (again); (even for drinking it) inten- tionally (a penance) destructive to life must not

  148. 11.148

    स्पृष्ट्व दत्त्वा च मदिरां विधिवत्प्रतिगृह्य च ।शूद्रोच्छिष्टाश्च पीत्वापः कुशवारि पिबेत्त्र्यहम्

    spṛṣṭva dattvā ca madirāṃ vidhivatpratigṛhya ca |śūdrocchiṣṭāśca pītvāpaḥ kuśavāri pibettryaham

    He who has drunk water which has stood in a vessel used for keeping (the spirituous liquor, called) Sura, or other intoxicating drinks, shall drink during five (days and) nights (nothing but)

  149. 11.149

    ब्राह्मणस्तु सुरापस्य गन्धं आघ्राय सोमपः ।प्राणानप्सु त्रिरायम्य घृतं प्राश्य विशुध्यति

    brāhmaṇastu surāpasya gandhaṃ āghrāya somapaḥ |prāṇānapsu trirāyamya ghṛtaṃ prāśya viśudhyati

    He who has touched spirituous liquor, has given it away, or received it in accordance with the rule, or has drunk water left by a 6udra, shall drink during three days water in which Ku^a-grass has

  150. 11.150

    अज्ञानात्प्राश्य विण्मूत्रं सुरासंस्पृष्टं एव च ।पुनः संस्कारं अर्हन्ति त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः

    ajñānātprāśya viṇmūtraṃ surāsaṃspṛṣṭaṃ eva ca |punaḥ saṃskāraṃ arhanti trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ

    But when a Brahma^a who has partaken of Soma-juice, has smelt the odour exhaled by a drinker of Sura, he becomes pure by thrice sup- pressing his breath in water, and eating clarified

  151. 11.151

    वपनं मेखला दण्डो भैक्षचर्या व्रतानि च ।निवर्तन्ते द्विजातीनां पुनःसंस्कारकर्मणि

    vapanaṃ mekhalā daṇḍo bhaikṣacaryā vratāni ca |nivartante dvijātīnāṃ punaḥsaṃskārakarmaṇi

    (Men of) the three twice-born castes who have unintentionally swallowed ordure or urine, or anything that has touched Sura, must be initiated again.

  152. 11.152

    अभोज्यानां तु भुक्त्वान्नं स्त्रीशूद्रोच्छिष्टं एव च ।जग्ध्वा मांसं अभक्ष्यं च सप्तरात्रं यवान्पिबेत्

    abhojyānāṃ tu bhuktvānnaṃ strīśūdrocchiṣṭaṃ eva ca |jagdhvā māṃsaṃ abhakṣyaṃ ca saptarātraṃ yavānpibet

    The tonsure, (wearing) the sacred girdle, (carrying) a staff, going to beg, and the vows (in- cumbent on a student), are omitted on the second initiation of twice-born men.

  153. 11.153

    शुक्तानि च कषायांश्च पीत्वा मेध्यान्यपि द्विजः ।तावद्भवत्यप्रयतो यावत्तन्न व्रजत्यधः

    śuktāni ca kaṣāyāṃśca pītvā medhyānyapi dvijaḥ |tāvadbhavatyaprayato yāvattanna vrajatyadhaḥ

    But he who has eaten the food of men, whose food must not be eaten, or the leavings of women and 6udras, or forbidden flesh, shall drink barley(-gruel) during seven (days and) nights.

  154. 11.154

    विड्वराहखरोष्ट्राणां गोमायोः कपिकाकयोः ।प्राश्य मूत्रपुरीषाणि द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत्

    viḍvarāhakharoṣṭrāṇāṃ gomāyoḥ kapikākayoḥ |prāśya mūtrapurīṣāṇi dvijaścāndrāyaṇaṃ caret

    A twice-born man who has drunk (fluids that have turned) sour, or astringent decoctions, becomes, though (these substances may) not (be specially) forbidden, impure until they have been

  155. 11.155

    शुष्काणि भुक्त्वा मांसानि भौमानि कवकानि च ।अज्ञातं चैव सूनास्थं एतदेव व्रतं चरेत्

    śuṣkāṇi bhuktvā māṃsāni bhaumāni kavakāni ca |ajñātaṃ caiva sūnāsthaṃ etadeva vrataṃ caret

    A twice-born man, who has swallowed the urine or ordure of a village pig, of a donkey, of a camel, of a jackal, of a monkey, or of a crow, shall perform a lunar penance.

  156. 11.156

    क्रव्यादसूकरोष्ट्राणां कुक्कुटानां च भक्षणे ।नरकाकखराणां च तप्तकृच्छ्रं विशोधनम्

    kravyādasūkaroṣṭrāṇāṃ kukkuṭānāṃ ca bhakṣaṇe |narakākakharāṇāṃ ca taptakṛcchraṃ viśodhanam

    He who has eaten dried meat, mushrooms growing on the ground, or (meat, the nature of) which is unknown, (or) such as had been kept in a slaughter-house, shall perform the same penance.

  157. 11.157

    मासिकान्नं तु योऽश्नीयादसमावर्तको द्विजः ।स त्रीण्यहान्युपवसेदेकाहं चोदके वसेत्

    māsikānnaṃ tu yo'śnīyādasamāvartako dvijaḥ |sa trīṇyahānyupavasedekāhaṃ codake vaset

    The atonement for partaking of (the meat of) carnivorous animals, of pigs, of camels, of cocks, of crows, of donkeys, and of human flesh, is a Tapta Y^rikkhxz. (penance).

  158. 11.158

    ब्रह्मचारी तु योऽश्नीयान्मधु मांसं कथं चन ।स कृत्वा प्राकृतं कृच्छ्रं व्रतशेषं समापयेत्

    brahmacārī tu yo'śnīyānmadhu māṃsaṃ kathaṃ cana |sa kṛtvā prākṛtaṃ kṛcchraṃ vrataśeṣaṃ samāpayet

    If a twice-born man, who has not returned

  159. 11.159

    बिडालकाकाखूच्छिष्टं जग्ध्वा श्वनकुलस्य च ।केशकीटावपन्नं च पिबेद्ब्रह्मसुवर्चलाम्

    biḍālakākākhūcchiṣṭaṃ jagdhvā śvanakulasya ca |keśakīṭāvapannaṃ ca pibedbrahmasuvarcalām

    But a student who on any occasion eats honey or meat, shall perform an ordinary Kri&Mra. (penance), and afterwards complete his vow (of studentship).

  160. 11.160

    अभोज्यं अन्नं नात्तव्यं आत्मनः शुद्धिं इच्छता ।अज्ञानभुक्तं तूत्तार्यं शोध्यं वाप्याशु शोधनैः

    abhojyaṃ annaṃ nāttavyaṃ ātmanaḥ śuddhiṃ icchatā |ajñānabhuktaṃ tūttāryaṃ śodhyaṃ vāpyāśu śodhanaiḥ

    He who eats what is left by a cat, by a crow, by a mouse (or rat), by a dog, or by an ich- neumon, or (food) into which a hair or an insect has fallen, shall drink (a decoction of) the Brahmasu-

  161. 11.161

    एषोऽनाद्यादनस्योक्तो व्रतानां विविधो विधिः ।स्तेयदोषापहर्तॄणां व्रतानां श्रूयतां विधिः

    eṣo'nādyādanasyokto vratānāṃ vividho vidhiḥ |steyadoṣāpahartṝṇāṃ vratānāṃ śrūyatāṃ vidhiḥ

    He who desires to be pure, must not eat for- bidden food, and must vomit up such as he has eaten unintentionally, or quickly atone for it by (various) means of purification.

  162. 11.162

    धान्यान्नधनचौर्याणि कृत्वा कामाद्द्विजोत्तमः ।स्वजातीयगृहादेव कृच्छ्राब्देन विशुध्यति

    dhānyānnadhanacauryāṇi kṛtvā kāmāddvijottamaḥ |svajātīyagṛhādeva kṛcchrābdena viśudhyati

    The various rules respecting penances for eating forbidden food have been thus declared ; hear now the law of those penances which remove the guilt of theft.

  163. 11.163

    मनुष्याणां तु हरणे स्त्रीणां क्षेत्रगृहस्य च ।कूपवापीजलानां च शुद्धिश्चान्द्रायणं स्मृतम्

    manuṣyāṇāṃ tu haraṇe strīṇāṃ kṣetragṛhasya ca |kūpavāpījalānāṃ ca śuddhiścāndrāyaṇaṃ smṛtam

    The chief of the twice-born, having volun- tarily stolen (valuable) property, grain, or cooked food, from the house of a caste-fellow, is purified by performing YLrikkhxz. (penances) during a whole

  164. 11.164

    द्रव्याणां अल्पसाराणां स्तेयं कृत्वान्यवेश्मतः ।चरेत्सांतपनं कृच्छ्रं तन्निर्यात्यात्मशुद्धये

    dravyāṇāṃ alpasārāṇāṃ steyaṃ kṛtvānyaveśmataḥ |caretsāṃtapanaṃ kṛcchraṃ tanniryātyātmaśuddhaye

    The lunar penance has been declared to be the expiation for stealing men and women, and (for wrongfully appropriating) a field, a house, or the water of wells and cisterns.

  165. 11.165

    भक्ष्यभोज्यापहरणे यानशय्यासनस्य च ।पुष्पमूलफलानां च पञ्चगव्यं विशोधनम्

    bhakṣyabhojyāpaharaṇe yānaśayyāsanasya ca |puṣpamūlaphalānāṃ ca pañcagavyaṃ viśodhanam

    He who has stolen objects of small value from the house of another man, shall, after restoring the (stolen article), perform a Sawtapana KrzMAra. for his purification.

  166. 11.166

    तृणकाष्ठद्रुमाणां च शुष्कान्नस्य गुडस्य च ।चेलचर्मामिषाणां च त्रिरात्रं स्यादभोजनम्

    tṛṇakāṣṭhadrumāṇāṃ ca śuṣkānnasya guḍasya ca |celacarmāmiṣāṇāṃ ca trirātraṃ syādabhojanam

    (To swallow) the five products of the cow (pa^agavya) is the atonement for stealing eatables of various kinds, a vehicle, a bed, a seat, flowers, roots, or fruit.

  167. 11.167

    मणिमुक्ताप्रवालानां ताम्रस्य रजतस्य च ।अयःकांस्योपलानां च द्वादशाहं कणान्नता

    maṇimuktāpravālānāṃ tāmrasya rajatasya ca |ayaḥkāṃsyopalānāṃ ca dvādaśāhaṃ kaṇānnatā

    Fasting during three (days and) nights shall be (the penance for stealing) grass, wood, trees, dry food, molasses, clothes, leather, and meat.

  168. 11.168

    कार्पासकीटजोर्णानां द्विशफैकशफस्य च ।पक्षिगन्धौषधीनां च रज्ज्वाश्चैव त्र्यहं पयः

    kārpāsakīṭajorṇānāṃ dviśaphaikaśaphasya ca |pakṣigandhauṣadhīnāṃ ca rajjvāścaiva tryahaṃ payaḥ

    To subsist during twelve days on (uncooked) grains (is the penance for stealing) gems, pearls, coral, copper, silver, iron, brass, or stone.

  169. 11.169

    एतैर्व्रतैरपोहेत पापं स्तेयकृतं द्विजः ।अगम्यागमनीयं तु व्रतैरेभिरपानुदेत्

    etairvratairapoheta pāpaṃ steyakṛtaṃ dvijaḥ |agamyāgamanīyaṃ tu vratairebhirapānudet

    (For stealing) cotton, silk, wool, an animal with cloven hoofs, or one with uncloven hoofs, a bird, perfumes, medicinal herbs, or a rope (the penance is to subsist) during three days (on) milk.

  170. 11.170

    गुरुतल्पव्रतं कुर्याद्रेतः सिक्त्वा स्वयोनिषु ।सख्युः पुत्रस्य च स्त्रीषु कुमारीष्वन्त्यजासु च

    gurutalpavrataṃ kuryādretaḥ siktvā svayoniṣu |sakhyuḥ putrasya ca strīṣu kumārīṣvantyajāsu ca

    By means of these penances, a twice-born man may remove the guilt of theft ; but the guilt of approaching women who ought not to be approached (agamya),he may expiate by (the following) penances.

  171. 11.171

    पैतृस्वसेयीं भगिनीं स्वस्रीयां मातुरेव च ।मातुश्च भ्रातुस्तनयां गत्वा चान्द्रायणं चरेत्

    paitṛsvaseyīṃ bhaginīṃ svasrīyāṃ mātureva ca |mātuśca bhrātustanayāṃ gatvā cāndrāyaṇaṃ caret

    He who has had sexual intercourse with sisters by the same mother, with the wives of a friend, or of a son, with unmarried maidens, and with females of the lowest castes, shall perform the

  172. 11.172

    एतास्तिस्रस्तु भार्यार्थे नोपयच्छेत्तु बुद्धिमान् ।ज्ञातित्वेनानुपेयास्ताः पतति ह्युपयन्नधः

    etāstisrastu bhāryārthe nopayacchettu buddhimān |jñātitvenānupeyāstāḥ patati hyupayannadhaḥ

    He who has approached the daughter of his father's sister, (who is almost equal to) a sister, (the daughter) of his mother's sister, or of his mother's full brother, shall perform a lunar penance.

  173. 11.173

    अमानुषीषू पुरुष उदक्यायां अयोनिषु ।रेतः सिक्त्वा जले चैव कृच्छ्रं सांतपनं चरेत्

    amānuṣīṣū puruṣa udakyāyāṃ ayoniṣu |retaḥ siktvā jale caiva kṛcchraṃ sāṃtapanaṃ caret

    A wise man should not take as his wife any of these three ; they must not be wedded because they are (Sapi^a-)relatives, he who marries (one of them), sinks low.

  174. 11.174

    मैथुनं तु समासेव्य पुंसि योषिति वा द्विजः ।गोयानेऽप्सु दिवा चैव सवासाः स्नानं आचरेत्

    maithunaṃ tu samāsevya puṃsi yoṣiti vā dvijaḥ |goyāne'psu divā caiva savāsāḥ snānaṃ ācaret

    Gaut. XXII, 36; XXIII, 34; Vi. LIII, 4, 7; Yagfi. Ill,

  175. 11.175

    चण्डालान्त्यस्त्रियो गत्वा भुक्त्वा च प्रतिगृह्य च ।पतत्यज्ञानतो विप्रो ज्ञानात्साम्यं तु गच्छति

    caṇḍālāntyastriyo gatvā bhuktvā ca pratigṛhya ca |patatyajñānato vipro jñānātsāmyaṃ tu gacchati

    A twice-born man who commits an unnatural offence with a male, or has intercourse with a female in a cart drawn by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, dressed in his clothes.

  176. 11.176

    विप्रदुष्टां स्त्रियं भर्ता निरुन्ध्यादेकवेश्मनि ।यत्पुंसः परदारेषु तच्चैनां चारयेद्व्रतम्

    vipraduṣṭāṃ striyaṃ bhartā nirundhyādekaveśmani |yatpuṃsaḥ paradāreṣu taccaināṃ cārayedvratam

    Vas. XXIII, 41; Baudh. II, 4, 13-14; Vi. LIII, 5-6. <Vei low caste,' i. e. ' Mle^/^as or barbarians, -Sabaras and so fortl (Medh., Gov., Kull.), or < Sutas and the like ' (Nar.), or ' Gavam XI, t8i. PENANCES FOR MINOR OFFENCES. 467

  177. 11.177

    सा चेत्पुनः प्रदुष्येत्तु सदृशेनोपमन्त्रिता ।कृच्छ्रं चान्द्रायणं चैव तदस्याः पावनं स्मृतम्

    sā cetpunaḥ praduṣyettu sadṛśenopamantritā |kṛcchraṃ cāndrāyaṇaṃ caiva tadasyāḥ pāvanaṃ smṛtam

    An exceedingly corrupt wife let her husband confine to one apartment, and compel her to perform the penance which is prescribed for males in cases of adultery.

  178. 11.178

    यत्करोत्येकरात्रेण वृषलीसेवनाद्द्विजः ।तद्भैक्षभुग्जपन्नित्यं त्रिभिर्वर्षैर्व्यपोहति

    yatkarotyekarātreṇa vṛṣalīsevanāddvijaḥ |tadbhaikṣabhugjapannityaṃ tribhirvarṣairvyapohati

    If, being solicited by a man (of) equal (caste), she (afterwards) is again unfaithful, then a YLrikkkra. and a lunar penance are prescribed as the means of purifying her.

  179. 11.179

    एषा पापकृतां उक्ता चतुर्णां अपि निष्कृतिः ।पतितैः संप्रयुक्तानां इमाः शृणुत निष्कृतीः

    eṣā pāpakṛtāṃ uktā caturṇāṃ api niṣkṛtiḥ |patitaiḥ saṃprayuktānāṃ imāḥ śṛṇuta niṣkṛtīḥ

    The sin which a twice-born man commits by dallying one night with a VWshali, he removes in three years, by subsisting on alms and daily muttering (sacred texts).

  180. 11.180

    संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन् ।याजनाध्यापनाद्यौनान्न तु यानासनाशनात्

    saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran |yājanādhyāpanādyaunānna tu yānāsanāśanāt

    The atonement (to be performed) by sinners (of) four (kinds) even, has been thus declared ; hear now the penances for those who have intercourse with outcasts.

  181. 11.181

    यो येन पतितेनैषां संसर्गं याति मानवः ।स तस्यैव व्रतं कुर्यात्तत्संसर्गविशुद्धये

    yo yena patitenaiṣāṃ saṃsargaṃ yāti mānavaḥ |sa tasyaiva vrataṃ kuryāttatsaṃsargaviśuddhaye

    He who associates with an outcast, himself becomes an outcast after a year, not by sacrificing (i. e. Mahommedans) and the like ' (Ragh.). In the first case the penance for a Patita must be performed ; in the second, no penance

  182. 11.182

    पतितस्योदकं कार्यं सपिण्डैर्बान्धवैर्बहिः ।निन्दितेऽहनि सायाह्ने ज्ञातिर्त्विग्गुरुसंनिधौ

    patitasyodakaṃ kāryaṃ sapiṇḍairbāndhavairbahiḥ |nindite'hani sāyāhne jñātirtviggurusaṃnidhau

    He who associates with any one of those outcasts, must perform, in order to atone for (such) intercourse, the penance prescribed for that (sinner).

  183. 11.183

    दासी घटं अपां पूर्णं पर्यस्येत्प्रेतवत्पदा ।अहोरात्रं उपासीरन्नशौचं बान्धवैः सह

    dāsī ghaṭaṃ apāṃ pūrṇaṃ paryasyetpretavatpadā |ahorātraṃ upāsīrannaśaucaṃ bāndhavaiḥ saha

    The Sapi^as and Samanodakas of an out- cast must offer (a libation of) water (to him, as if he were dead), outside (the village), on an inauspicious day, in the evening and in the presence of the rela-

  184. 11.184

    निवर्तेरंश्च तस्मात्तु संभाषणसहासने ।दायाद्यस्य प्रदानं च यात्रा चैव हि लौकिकी

    nivarteraṃśca tasmāttu saṃbhāṣaṇasahāsane |dāyādyasya pradānaṃ ca yātrā caiva hi laukikī

    A female slave shall upset with her foot a pot filled with water, as if it were for a dead person ; (his Sapi^as) as well as the Samanodakas shall be impure for a day and a night ;

  185. 11.185

    ज्येष्ठता च निवर्तेत ज्येष्ठावाप्यं च यद्धनम् ।ज्येष्ठांशं प्राप्नुयाच्चास्य यवीयान्गुणतोऽधिकः

    jyeṣṭhatā ca nivarteta jyeṣṭhāvāpyaṃ ca yaddhanam |jyeṣṭhāṃśaṃ prāpnuyāccāsya yavīyānguṇato'dhikaḥ

    But thenceforward it shall be forbidden to converse with him, to sit with him, to give him a share of the inheritance, and to hold with him such intercourse as is usual among men ;

  186. 11.186

    प्रायश्चित्ते तु चरिते पूर्णकुम्भं अपां नवम् ।तेनैव सार्धं प्रास्येयुः स्नात्वा पुण्ये जलाशये

    prāyaścitte tu carite pūrṇakumbhaṃ apāṃ navam |tenaiva sārdhaṃ prāsyeyuḥ snātvā puṇye jalāśaye

    And (if he be the eldest) his right of primo- geniture shall be withheld and the additional share, a matrimonial alliance with him, himself becomes an outcast after a year, but not by using the same carriage or seat or eating with

  187. 11.187

    स त्वप्सु तं घटं प्रास्य प्रविश्य भवनं स्वकम् ।सर्वाणि ज्ञातिकार्याणि यथापूर्वं समाचरेत्

    sa tvapsu taṃ ghaṭaṃ prāsya praviśya bhavanaṃ svakam |sarvāṇi jñātikāryāṇi yathāpūrvaṃ samācaret

    But when he has performed his penance, they shall bathe with him in a holy pool and throw down a new pot, filled with water.

  188. 11.188

    एतदेव विधिं कुर्याद्योषित्सु पतितास्वपि ।वस्त्रान्नपानं देयं तु वसेयुश्च गृहान्तिके

    etadeva vidhiṃ kuryādyoṣitsu patitāsvapi |vastrānnapānaṃ deyaṃ tu vaseyuśca gṛhāntike

    But he shall throw that pot into water, enter his house and perform, as before, all the duties in- cumbent on a relative.

  189. 11.189

    एनस्विभिरनिर्णिक्तैर्नार्थं किं चित्सहाचरेत् ।कृतनिर्णेजनांश्चैव न जुगुप्सेत कर्हि चित्

    enasvibhiranirṇiktairnārthaṃ kiṃ citsahācaret |kṛtanirṇejanāṃścaiva na jugupseta karhi cit

    Let him follow the same rule in the case of female outcasts ; but clothes, food, and drink shall be given to them, and they shall live close to the (family-)house.

  190. 11.190

    बालघ्नांश्च कृतघ्नांश्च विशुद्धानपि धर्मतः ।शरणागतहन्तॄंश्च स्त्रीहन्तॄंश्च न संवसेत्

    bālaghnāṃśca kṛtaghnāṃśca viśuddhānapi dharmataḥ |śaraṇāgatahantṝṃśca strīhantṝṃśca na saṃvaset

    Let him not transact any business with un- purified sinners ; but let him in no way reproach those who have made atonement.

  191. 11.191

    येषां द्विजानां सावित्री नानूच्येत यथाविधि ।तांश्चारयित्वा त्रीन्कृच्छ्रान्यथाविध्युपनाययेत्

    yeṣāṃ dvijānāṃ sāvitrī nānūcyeta yathāvidhi |tāṃścārayitvā trīnkṛcchrānyathāvidhyupanāyayet

    Let him not dwell together with the mur- derers of children, with those who have returned evil for good, and with the slayers of suppliants for protection or of women, though they may have

  192. 11.192

    प्रायश्चित्तं चिकीर्षन्ति विकर्मस्थास्तु ये द्विजाः ।ब्रह्मणा च परित्यक्तास्तेषां अप्येतदादिशेत्

    prāyaścittaṃ cikīrṣanti vikarmasthāstu ye dvijāḥ |brahmaṇā ca parityaktāsteṣāṃ apyetadādiśet

    Those twice-born men who may not have been taught the Savitrt (at the time) prescribed by the rule, he shall cause to perform three Kri&Mra, (penances) and afterwards initiate them in accord-

  193. 11.193

    यद्गर्हितेनार्जयन्ति कर्मणा ब्राह्मणा धनम् ।तस्योत्सर्गेण शुध्यन्ति जप्येन तपसैव च

    yadgarhitenārjayanti karmaṇā brāhmaṇā dhanam |tasyotsargeṇa śudhyanti japyena tapasaiva ca

    Let him prescribe the same (expiation) when twice-born men, who follow forbidden occupations or have neglected (to learn) the Veda, desire to perform a penance.

  194. 11.194

    जपित्वा त्रीणि सावित्र्याः सहस्राणि समाहितः ।मासं गोष्ठे पयः पीत्वा मुच्यतेऽसत्प्रतिग्रहात्

    japitvā trīṇi sāvitryāḥ sahasrāṇi samāhitaḥ |māsaṃ goṣṭhe payaḥ pītvā mucyate'satpratigrahāt

    If Brahma/zas acquire property by a repre- hensible action, they become pure by relinquishing it, muttering prayers, and (performing) austerities.

  195. 11.195

    उपवासकृशं तं तु गोव्रजात्पुनरागतम् ।प्रणतं प्रति पृच्छेयुः साम्यं सौम्येच्छसीति किम्

    upavāsakṛśaṃ taṃ tu govrajātpunarāgatam |praṇataṃ prati pṛccheyuḥ sāmyaṃ saumyecchasīti kim

    By muttering with a concentrated mind the Savitri three thousand times, (dwelling) for a month in a cow-house, (and) subsisting on milk, (a man) is freed from (the guilt of) accepting presents from

  196. 11.196

    सत्यं उक्त्वा तु विप्रेषु विकिरेद्यवसं गवाम् ।गोभिः प्रवर्तिते तीर्थे कुर्युस्तस्य परिग्रहम्

    satyaṃ uktvā tu vipreṣu vikiredyavasaṃ gavām |gobhiḥ pravartite tīrthe kuryustasya parigraham

    But when he returns from the cow-house, emaciated with his fast, and reverently salutes, (the Brahma^as) shall ask him, ' Friend, dost thou desire to become our equal ?'

  197. 11.197

    व्रात्यानां याजनं कृत्वा परेषां अन्त्यकर्म च ।अभिचारं अहीनं च त्रिभिः कृच्छ्रैर्व्यपोहति

    vrātyānāṃ yājanaṃ kṛtvā pareṣāṃ antyakarma ca |abhicāraṃ ahīnaṃ ca tribhiḥ kṛcchrairvyapohati

    If he answers to the Brahma^as, ' Forsooth, (I will not offend again),' he shall scatter (some) grass for the cows ; if the cows hallow that place (by eating the grass) the (Brahma^a) shall re-admit him (into

  198. 11.198

    शरणागतं परित्यज्य वेदं विप्लाव्य च द्विजः ।संवत्सरं यवाहारस्तत्पापं अपसेधति

    śaraṇāgataṃ parityajya vedaṃ viplāvya ca dvijaḥ |saṃvatsaraṃ yavāhārastatpāpaṃ apasedhati

    He who has sacrificed for Vratyas, or has per- formed the obsequies of strangers, or a magic sacri- fice (intended to destroy life) or an Ahina sacrifice, removes (his guilt) by three KrzkMra. (penances).

  199. 11.199

    श्वशृगालखरैर्दष्टो ग्राम्यैः क्रव्याद्भिरेव च ।नराश्वोष्ट्रवराहैश्च प्राणायामेन शुध्यति

    śvaśṛgālakharairdaṣṭo grāmyaiḥ kravyādbhireva ca |narāśvoṣṭravarāhaiśca prāṇāyāmena śudhyati

    A twice-born man who has cast off a sup- pliant for protection, or has (improperly) divulged the Veda, atones for his offence, if he subsists during a year on barley.

  200. 11.200

    षष्ठान्नकालता मासं संहिताजप एव वा ।होमाश्च सकला नित्यं अपाङ्क्त्यानां विशोधनम्

    ṣaṣṭhānnakālatā māsaṃ saṃhitājapa eva vā |homāśca sakalā nityaṃ apāṅktyānāṃ viśodhanam

    He who has been bitten by a dog, a jackal, or a donkey, by a tame carnivorous animal, by a man, a horse, a camel, or a (village-)pig, becomes pure by suppressing his breath (Pra^ayama).

  201. 11.201

    उष्ट्रयानं समारुह्य खरयानं तु कामतः ।स्नात्वा तु विप्रो दिग्वासाः प्राणायामेन शुध्यति

    uṣṭrayānaṃ samāruhya kharayānaṃ tu kāmataḥ |snātvā tu vipro digvāsāḥ prāṇāyāmena śudhyati

    To eat during a month at each sixth meal- time (only), to recite the Sawhita (of a Veda), and (to perform) daily the 6akala oblations, are the means of purifying those excluded from society at repasts

  202. 11.202

    विनाद्भिरप्सु वाप्यार्तः शारीरं संनिषेव्य च ।सचैलो बहिराप्लुत्य गां आलभ्य विशुध्यति

    vinādbhirapsu vāpyārtaḥ śārīraṃ saṃniṣevya ca |sacailo bahirāplutya gāṃ ālabhya viśudhyati

    A Brahma/ea who voluntarily rode in a carriage drawn by camels or by asses, and he who bathed naked, become pure by suppressing his breath (Pra/zayama).

  203. 11.203

    वेदोदितानां नित्यानां कर्मणां समतिक्रमे ।स्नातकव्रतलोपे च प्रायश्चित्तं अभोजनम्

    vedoditānāṃ nityānāṃ karmaṇāṃ samatikrame |snātakavratalope ca prāyaścittaṃ abhojanam

    He who has relieved the necessities of nature, being greatly pressed, either without (using) water or in water, becomes pure by bathing outside (the village) in his clothes and by touching a cow.

  204. 11.204

    हुङ्कारं ब्राह्मणस्योक्त्वा त्वम्कारं च गरीयसः ।स्नात्वानश्नन्नहः शेषं अभिवाद्य प्रसादयेत्

    huṅkāraṃ brāhmaṇasyoktvā tvamkāraṃ ca garīyasaḥ |snātvānaśnannahaḥ śeṣaṃ abhivādya prasādayet

    Fasting is the penance for omitting the daily rites prescribed by the Veda and for neglecting the special duties of a Snataka.

  205. 11.205

    ताडयित्वा तृणेनापि कण्ठे वाबध्य वाससा ।विवादे वा विनिर्जित्य प्रणिपत्य प्रसादयेत्

    tāḍayitvā tṛṇenāpi kaṇṭhe vābadhya vāsasā |vivāde vā vinirjitya praṇipatya prasādayet

    He who has said ' Hum' to a Brahma^a, or has addressed one of his betters with ' Thou,' shall bathe, fast during the remaining part of the day, and appease (the person offended) by a reverential

  206. 11.206

    अवगूर्य त्वब्दशतं सहस्रं अभिहत्य च ।जिघांसया ब्राह्मणस्य नरकं प्रतिपद्यते

    avagūrya tvabdaśataṃ sahasraṃ abhihatya ca |jighāṃsayā brāhmaṇasya narakaṃ pratipadyate

    He who has struck (a Brahma/za) even with a blade of grass, tied him by the neck with a cloth, or conquered him in an altercation, shall appease him by a prostration.

  207. 11.207

    शोणितं यावतः पांसून्संगृह्णाति महीतले ।तावन्त्यब्दसहस्राणि तत्कर्ता नरके वसेत्

    śoṇitaṃ yāvataḥ pāṃsūnsaṃgṛhṇāti mahītale |tāvantyabdasahasrāṇi tatkartā narake vaset

    But he who, intending to hurt a Brahma^a, has threatened (him with a stick and the like) shall remain in hell during a hundred years ; he who (actually) struck him, during one thousand years.

  208. 11.208

    अवगूर्य चरेत्कृच्छ्रं अतिकृच्छ्रं निपातने ।कृच्छ्रातिकृच्छ्रौ कुर्वीत विप्रस्योत्पाद्य शोणितम्

    avagūrya caretkṛcchraṃ atikṛcchraṃ nipātane |kṛcchrātikṛcchrau kurvīta viprasyotpādya śoṇitam

    As many particles of dust as the blood of a Brahma/za causes to coagulate, for so many thou- sand years shall the shedder of that (blood) remain in hell.

  209. 11.209

    अनुक्तनिष्कृतीनां तु पापानां अपनुत्तये ।शक्तिं चावेक्ष्य पापं च प्रायश्चित्तं प्रकल्पयेत्

    anuktaniṣkṛtīnāṃ tu pāpānāṃ apanuttaye |śaktiṃ cāvekṣya pāpaṃ ca prāyaścittaṃ prakalpayet

    For threatening a Brahma/za, (the offender) shall perform a Krz&Mra, for striking him an Ati- krz&Mra., for shedding his blood a Krz&Mra. and an AtikrtteAraL

  210. 11.210

    यैरभ्युपायैरेनांसि मानवो व्यपकर्षति ।तान्वोऽभ्युपायान्वक्ष्यामि देवर्षिपितृसेवितान्

    yairabhyupāyairenāṃsi mānavo vyapakarṣati |tānvo'bhyupāyānvakṣyāmi devarṣipitṛsevitān

    For the expiation of offences for which no atonement has been prescribed, let him fix a pen- ance after considering (the offender's) strength and the (nature of the) offence.

  211. 11.211

    त्र्यहं प्रातस्त्र्यहं सायं त्र्यहं अद्यादयाचितम् ।त्र्यहं परं च नाश्नीयात्प्राजापत्यं चरन्द्विजः

    tryahaṃ prātastryahaṃ sāyaṃ tryahaṃ adyādayācitam |tryahaṃ paraṃ ca nāśnīyātprājāpatyaṃ carandvijaḥ

    I will (now) describe to you those means, adopted by the gods, the sages, and the manes, through which a man may remove his sins.

  212. 11.212

    गोमूत्रं गोमयं क्षीरं दधि सर्पिः कुशोदकम् ।एकरात्रोपवासश्च कृच्छ्रं सांतपनं स्मृतम्

    gomūtraṃ gomayaṃ kṣīraṃ dadhi sarpiḥ kuśodakam |ekarātropavāsaśca kṛcchraṃ sāṃtapanaṃ smṛtam

    A twice-born man who performs (the Y^rik- khx2. penance), revealed by Pra^apati, shall eat during three days in the morning (only), during (the next) three days in the evening (only), during

  213. 11.213

    एकैकं ग्रासं अश्नीयात्त्र्यहाणि त्रीणि पूर्ववत् ।त्र्यहं चोपवसेदन्त्यं अतिकृच्छ्रं चरन्द्विजः

    ekaikaṃ grāsaṃ aśnīyāttryahāṇi trīṇi pūrvavat |tryahaṃ copavasedantyaṃ atikṛcchraṃ carandvijaḥ

    (Subsisting on) the urine of cows, cowdung, milk, sour milk, clarified butter, and a decoction of Ku^a-grass, and fasting during one (day and) night, (that is) called a Sa^tapana Krz&Mrd,.

  214. 11.214

    तप्तकृच्छ्रं चरन्विप्रो जलक्षीरघृतानिलान् ।प्रतित्र्यहं पिबेदुष्णान्सकृत्स्नायी समाहितः

    taptakṛcchraṃ caranvipro jalakṣīraghṛtānilān |pratitryahaṃ pibeduṣṇānsakṛtsnāyī samāhitaḥ

    A twice-born man who performs an Ktikrik- Mra. (penance), must take his food during three periods of three days in the manner described above, (but) one mouthful only at each meal, and fast

  215. 11.215

    यतात्मनोऽप्रमत्तस्य द्वादशाहं अभोजनम् ।पराको नाम कृच्छ्रोऽयं सर्वपापापनोदनः

    yatātmano'pramattasya dvādaśāhaṃ abhojanam |parāko nāma kṛcchro'yaṃ sarvapāpāpanodanaḥ

    A Brahma^a who performs a Taptakr//£/Mra (penance) must drink hot water, hot milk, hot clari- fied butter and (inhale) hot air, each during three days, and bathe once with a concentrated mind.

  216. 11.216

    एकैकं ह्रासयेत्पिण्डं कृष्णे शुक्ले च वर्धयेत् ।उपस्पृशंस्त्रिषवणं एतच्चाण्द्रायणं स्मृतम्

    ekaikaṃ hrāsayetpiṇḍaṃ kṛṣṇe śukle ca vardhayet |upaspṛśaṃstriṣavaṇaṃ etaccāṇdrāyaṇaṃ smṛtam

    A fast for twelve days by a man who controls himself and commits no mistakes, is called a Paraka KriMkra, which removes all guilt.

  217. 11.217

    एतं एव विधिं कृत्स्नं आचरेद्यवमध्यमे ।शुक्लपक्षादिनियतश्चरंश्चान्द्रायणं व्रतम्

    etaṃ eva vidhiṃ kṛtsnaṃ ācaredyavamadhyame |śuklapakṣādiniyataścaraṃścāndrāyaṇaṃ vratam

    If one diminishes (one's food daily by) one 2, 38 ; IV, 5, 6-7 ; Vi. XLVI, 10; Ya#». Ill, 320. According to Medh., food which a wife brings unasked is also ' food given un- asked/

  218. 11.218

    अष्टावष्टौ समश्नीयात्पिण्डान्मध्यंदिने स्थिते ।नियतात्मा हविष्याशी यतिचान्द्रायणं चरन्

    aṣṭāvaṣṭau samaśnīyātpiṇḍānmadhyaṃdine sthite |niyatātmā haviṣyāśī yaticāndrāyaṇaṃ caran

    Let him follow throughout the same rule at the (iTandraya^a, called) yavamadhyama (shaped like a barley-corn), (but) let him (in that case) begin the lunar penance, (with a) controlled (mind), on the

  219. 11.219

    चतुरः प्रातरश्नीयात्पिण्डान्विप्रः समाहितः ।चतुरोऽस्तं इते सूर्ये शिशुचान्द्रायणं स्मृतम्

    caturaḥ prātaraśnīyātpiṇḍānvipraḥ samāhitaḥ |caturo'staṃ ite sūrye śiśucāndrāyaṇaṃ smṛtam

    He who performs the lunar penance of as- cetics, shall eat (during a month) daily at midday eight mouthfuls, controlling himself and consuming sacrificial food (only).

  220. 11.220

    यथा कथं चित्पिण्डानां तिस्रोऽशीतीः समाहितः ।मासेनाश्नन्हविष्यस्य चन्द्रस्यैति सलोकताम्

    yathā kathaṃ citpiṇḍānāṃ tisro'śītīḥ samāhitaḥ |māsenāśnanhaviṣyasya candrasyaiti salokatām

    If a Brahma^a, with concentrated mind, eats (during a month daily) four mouthfuls in a morning and four after sunset, (that is) called the lunar penance of children.

  221. 11.221

    एतद्रुद्रास्तथादित्या वसवश्चाचरन्व्रतम् ।सर्वाकुशलमोक्षाय मरुतश्च महर्षिभिः

    etadrudrāstathādityā vasavaścācaranvratam |sarvākuśalamokṣāya marutaśca maharṣibhiḥ

    He who, concentrating his mind, eats during a month in any way thrice eighty mouthfuls of sacrificial food, dwells (after death) in the world of the moon.

  222. 11.222

    महाव्याहृतिभिर्होमः कर्तव्यः स्वयं अन्वहम् ।अहिंसा सत्यं अक्रोधं आर्जवं च समाचरेत्

    mahāvyāhṛtibhirhomaḥ kartavyaḥ svayaṃ anvaham |ahiṃsā satyaṃ akrodhaṃ ārjavaṃ ca samācaret

    The Rudras, likewise the Adityas, the Vasus and the Maruts, together with the great sages, prac- tised this (rite) in order to remove all evil.

  223. 11.223

    त्रिरह्नस्त्रिर्निशायां च सवासा जलं आविशेत् ।स्त्रीशूद्रपतितांश्चैव नाभिभाषेत कर्हि चित्

    trirahnastrirniśāyāṃ ca savāsā jalaṃ āviśet |strīśūdrapatitāṃścaiva nābhibhāṣeta karhi cit

    Burnt oblations, accompanied by (the recita- tion of) the Mahavyahrztis, must daily be made (by the so-called pipilikamadhya or ant-shaped one, where the fast or lean days lie in the middle.

  224. 11.224

    स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेदशक्तोऽधः शयीत वा ।ब्रह्मचारी व्रती च स्याद्गुरुदेवद्विजार्चकः

    sthānāsanābhyāṃ viharedaśakto'dhaḥ śayīta vā |brahmacārī vratī ca syādgurudevadvijārcakaḥ

    Let him bathe three times each day and thrice each night, dressed in his clothes ; let him on no account talk to women, vSudras, and outcasts.

  225. 11.225

    सावित्रीं च जपेन्नित्यं पवित्राणि च शक्तितः ।सर्वेष्वेव व्रतेष्वेवं प्रायश्चित्तार्थं आदृतः

    sāvitrīṃ ca japennityaṃ pavitrāṇi ca śaktitaḥ |sarveṣveva vrateṣvevaṃ prāyaścittārthaṃ ādṛtaḥ

    Let him pass the time standing (during the day) and sitting (during the night), or if he is unable (to do that) let him lie on the (bare) ground ; let him be chaste and observe the vows (of a student) and

  226. 11.226

    एतैर्द्विजातयः शोध्या व्रतैराविष्कृतैनसः ।अनाविष्कृतपापांस्तु मन्त्रैर्होमैश्च शोधयेत्

    etairdvijātayaḥ śodhyā vratairāviṣkṛtainasaḥ |anāviṣkṛtapāpāṃstu mantrairhomaiśca śodhayet

    Let him constantly mutter the Savitrl and (other) purificatory texts according to his ability ; (let him) carefully (act thus) on (the occasion of) all (other) vows (performed) by way of penance.

  227. 11.227

    ख्यापनेनानुतापेन तपसाध्ययनेन च ।पापकृन्मुच्यते पापात्तथा दानेन चापदि

    khyāpanenānutāpena tapasādhyayanena ca |pāpakṛnmucyate pāpāttathā dānena cāpadi

    By these expiations twice-born men must be purified whose sins are known, but let him purify those whose sins are not known by (the recitation of) sacred texts and by (the performance of) burnt

  228. 11.228

    यथा यथा नरोऽधर्मं स्वयं कृत्वानुभाषते ।तथा तथा त्वचेवाहिस्तेनाधर्मेण मुच्यते

    yathā yathā naro'dharmaṃ svayaṃ kṛtvānubhāṣate |tathā tathā tvacevāhistenādharmeṇa mucyate

    By confession, by repentance, by austerity, and by reciting (the Veda) a sinner is freed from guilt, and in case no other course is possible, by liberality.

  229. 11.229

    यथा यथा मनस्तस्य दुष्कृतं कर्म गर्हति ।तथा तथा शरीरं तत्तेनाधर्मेण मुच्यते

    yathā yathā manastasya duṣkṛtaṃ karma garhati |tathā tathā śarīraṃ tattenādharmeṇa mucyate

    In proportion as a man who has done wrong, himself confesses it, even so far he is freed from guilt, as a snake from its slough.

  230. 11.230

    कृत्वा पापं हि संतप्य तस्मात्पापात्प्रमुच्यते ।नैवं कुर्यां पुनरिति निवृत्त्या पूयते तु सः

    kṛtvā pāpaṃ hi saṃtapya tasmātpāpātpramucyate |naivaṃ kuryāṃ punariti nivṛttyā pūyate tu saḥ

    In proportion as his heart loathes his evil deed, even so far is his body freed from that guilt.

  231. 11.231

    एवं संचिन्त्य मनसा प्रेत्य कर्मफलोदयम् ।मनोवाङ्गूर्तिभिर्नित्यं शुभं कर्म समाचरेत्

    evaṃ saṃcintya manasā pretya karmaphalodayam |manovāṅgūrtibhirnityaṃ śubhaṃ karma samācaret

    He who has committed a sin and has re- pented, is freed from that sin, but he is purified only by (the resolution of) ceasing (to sin and thinking) 1 1 will do so no more.'

  232. 11.232

    अज्ञानाद्यदि वा ज्ञानात्कृत्वा कर्म विगर्हितम् ।तस्माद्विमुक्तिं अन्विच्छन्द्वितीयं न समाचरेत्

    ajñānādyadi vā jñānātkṛtvā karma vigarhitam |tasmādvimuktiṃ anvicchandvitīyaṃ na samācaret

    Having thus considered in his mind what results will arise from his deeds after death, let him always be good in thoughts, speech, and actions.

  233. 11.233

    यस्मिन्कर्मण्यस्य कृते मनसः स्यादलाघवम् ।तस्मिंस्तावत्तपः कुर्याद्यावत्तुष्टिकरं भवेत्

    yasminkarmaṇyasya kṛte manasaḥ syādalāghavam |tasmiṃstāvattapaḥ kuryādyāvattuṣṭikaraṃ bhavet

    He who, having either unintentionally or in- tentionally committed a reprehensible deed, desires to be freed from (the guilt of) it, must not commit it a second time.

  234. 11.234

    तपोमूलं इदं सर्वं दैवमानुषकं सुखम् ।तपोमध्यं बुधैः प्रोक्तं तपोऽन्तं वेददर्शिभिः

    tapomūlaṃ idaṃ sarvaṃ daivamānuṣakaṃ sukham |tapomadhyaṃ budhaiḥ proktaṃ tapo'ntaṃ vedadarśibhiḥ

    If his mind be uneasy with respect to any act, let him repeat the austerities (prescribed as a penance) for it until they fully satisfy (his con- science).

  235. 11.235

    ब्राह्मणस्य तपो ज्ञानं तपः क्षत्रस्य रक्षणम् ।वैश्यस्य तु तपो वार्ता तपः शूद्रस्य सेवनम्

    brāhmaṇasya tapo jñānaṃ tapaḥ kṣatrasya rakṣaṇam |vaiśyasya tu tapo vārtā tapaḥ śūdrasya sevanam

    All the bliss of gods and men is declared by the sages to whom the Veda was revealed, to have

  236. 11.236

    ऋषयः संयतात्मानः फलमूलानिलाशनाः ।तपसैव प्रपश्यन्ति त्रैलोक्यं सचराचरम्

    ṛṣayaḥ saṃyatātmānaḥ phalamūlānilāśanāḥ |tapasaiva prapaśyanti trailokyaṃ sacarācaram

    (The pursuit of sacred) knowledge is the austerity of a Brahma^a, protecting (the people) is the austerity of a Kshatriya, (the pursuit of) his daily business is the austerity of a VaLsya, and

  237. 11.237

    औषधान्यगदो विद्या दैवी च विविधा स्थितिः ।तपसैव प्रसिध्यन्ति तपस्तेषां हि साधनम्

    auṣadhānyagado vidyā daivī ca vividhā sthitiḥ |tapasaiva prasidhyanti tapasteṣāṃ hi sādhanam

    The sages who control themselves and sub- sist on fruit, roots, and air, survey the three worlds together with their moving and immovable (crea- tures) through their austerities alone.

  238. 11.238

    यद्दुस्तरं यद्दुरापं यद्दुर्गं यच्च दुष्करम् ।सर्वं तु तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरतिक्रमम्

    yaddustaraṃ yaddurāpaṃ yaddurgaṃ yacca duṣkaram |sarvaṃ tu tapasā sādhyaṃ tapo hi duratikramam

    Medicines, good health, learning, and the various divine stations are attained by austerities alone ; for austerity is the means of gaining them.

  239. 11.239

    महापातकिनश्चैव शेषाश्चाकार्यकारिणः ।तपसैव सुतप्तेन मुच्यन्ते किल्बिषात्ततः

    mahāpātakinaścaiva śeṣāścākāryakāriṇaḥ |tapasaiva sutaptena mucyante kilbiṣāttataḥ

    Whatever is hard to be traversed, whatever is hard to be attained, whatever is hard to be reached, whatever is hard to be performed, all (this) may be accomplished by austerities ; for austerity (possesses

  240. 11.240

    कीताश्चाहिपतंगाश्च पशवश्च वयांसि च ।स्थावराणि च भूतानि दिवं यान्ति तपोबलात्

    kītāścāhipataṃgāśca paśavaśca vayāṃsi ca |sthāvarāṇi ca bhūtāni divaṃ yānti tapobalāt

    Both those who have committed mortal sin (Mahapataka) and all other offenders are severally freed from their guilt by means of well-perform e< austerities.

  241. 11.241

    यत्किं चिदेनः कुर्वन्ति मनोवाङ्गूर्तिभिर्जनाः ।तत्सर्वं निर्दहन्त्याशु तपसैव तपोधनाः

    yatkiṃ cidenaḥ kurvanti manovāṅgūrtibhirjanāḥ |tatsarvaṃ nirdahantyāśu tapasaiva tapodhanāḥ

    Insects, snakes, moths, bees, birds and beings, bereft of motion, reach heaven by the power oi austerities. austerity for its end/ i. e. ' to be produced, to continue, and to enc

  242. 11.242

    तपसैव विशुद्धस्य ब्राह्मणस्य दिवौकसः ।इज्याश्च प्रतिगृह्णन्ति कामान्संवर्धयन्ति च

    tapasaiva viśuddhasya brāhmaṇasya divaukasaḥ |ijyāśca pratigṛhṇanti kāmānsaṃvardhayanti ca

    Whatever sin men commit by thoughts, words, or deeds, that they speedily burn away by penance, if they keep penance as their only riches.

  243. 11.243

    प्रजापतिरिदं शास्त्रं तपसैवासृजत्प्रभुः ।तथैव वेदानृषयस्तपसा प्रतिपेदिरे

    prajāpatiridaṃ śāstraṃ tapasaivāsṛjatprabhuḥ |tathaiva vedānṛṣayastapasā pratipedire

    The gods accept the offerings of that Brah- ma/u alone who has purified himself by austerities, and grant to him all he desires. —

  244. 11.244

    इत्येतत्तपसो देवा महाभाग्यं प्रचक्षते ।सर्वस्यास्य प्रपश्यन्तस्तपसः पुण्यं उत्तमम्

    ityetattapaso devā mahābhāgyaṃ pracakṣate |sarvasyāsya prapaśyantastapasaḥ puṇyaṃ uttamam

    The lord, Pra^apati, created these Institutes (of the sacred law) by his austerities alone ; the sages likewise obtained (the revelation of) the Vedas through their austerities.

  245. 11.245

    वेदाभ्यासोऽन्वहं शक्त्या महायज्ञक्रिया क्षमा ।नाशयन्त्याशु पापानि महापातकजान्यपि

    vedābhyāso'nvahaṃ śaktyā mahāyajñakriyā kṣamā |nāśayantyāśu pāpāni mahāpātakajānyapi

    The gods, discerning that the holy origin of this whole (world) is from austerity, have thus pro- claimed the incomparable power of austerity.

  246. 11.246

    यथैधस्तेजसा वह्निः प्राप्तं निर्दहति क्षणात् ।तथा ज्ञानाग्निना पापं सर्वं दहति वेदवित्

    yathaidhastejasā vahniḥ prāptaṃ nirdahati kṣaṇāt |tathā jñānāgninā pāpaṃ sarvaṃ dahati vedavit

    The daily study of the Veda, the performance of the great sacrifices according to one's ability, (and) patience (in suffering) quickly destroy all guilt, even that caused by mortal sins.

  247. 11.247

    इत्येतदेनसां उक्तं प्रायश्चित्तं यथाविधि ।अत ऊर्ध्वं रहस्यानां प्रायश्चित्तं निबोधत

    ityetadenasāṃ uktaṃ prāyaścittaṃ yathāvidhi |ata ūrdhvaṃ rahasyānāṃ prāyaścittaṃ nibodhata

    As a fire in one moment consumes with its bright flame the fuel that has been placed on it, even so he who knows the Veda destroys all guilt by the fire of knowledge.

  248. 11.248

    सव्याहृतिप्रणवकाः प्राणायामास्तु षोडश ।अपि भ्रूणहनं मासात्पुनन्त्यहरहः कृताः

    savyāhṛtipraṇavakāḥ prāṇāyāmāstu ṣoḍaśa |api bhrūṇahanaṃ māsātpunantyaharahaḥ kṛtāḥ

    The penances for sins (made public) have been thus declared according to the law ; learn next the penances for secret (sins).

  249. 11.249

    कौत्सं जप्त्वाप इत्येतद्वसिष्ठं च प्रतीत्यृचम् ।माहित्रं शुद्धवत्यश्च सुरापोऽपि विशुध्यति

    kautsaṃ japtvāpa ityetadvasiṣṭhaṃ ca pratītyṛcam |māhitraṃ śuddhavatyaśca surāpo'pi viśudhyati

    Sixteen suppressions of the breath (PraMya- ma) accompanied by (the recitation of) the Vyahmis

  250. 11.250

    सकृज्जप्त्वास्यवामीयं शिवसंकल्पं एव च ।अपहृत्य सुवर्णं तु क्षणाद्भवति निर्मलः

    sakṛjjaptvāsyavāmīyaṃ śivasaṃkalpaṃ eva ca |apahṛtya suvarṇaṃ tu kṣaṇādbhavati nirmalaḥ

    Even a drinker of (the spirituous liquor called) Sura becomes pure, if he mutters the hymn (seen) by Kutsa, ' Removing by thy splendour our guilt, O Agni,' &c, (that seen) by Vasish^a, ' With

  251. 11.251

    हविष्पान्तीयं अभ्यस्य न तमं ह इतीति च ।जपित्वा पौरुषं सूक्तं मुच्यते गुरुतल्पगः

    haviṣpāntīyaṃ abhyasya na tamaṃ ha itīti ca |japitvā pauruṣaṃ sūktaṃ mucyate gurutalpagaḥ

    Even he who has stolen gold, instantly be- comes free from guilt, if he once mutters (the hymn beginning with the words) ' The middlemost brother of this beautiful, ancient Hotrz-priest' and the .Siva-

  252. 11.252

    एनसां स्थूलसूक्ष्माणां चिकीर्षन्नपनोदनम् ।अवेत्यृचं जपेदब्दं यत्किं चेदं इतीति वा

    enasāṃ sthūlasūkṣmāṇāṃ cikīrṣannapanodanam |avetyṛcaṃ japedabdaṃ yatkiṃ cedaṃ itīti vā

    The violator of a Gurus bed is freed (from sin), if he repeatedly recites the Havishpantiya (hymn), (that beginning) ' Neither anxiety nor mis- fortune,' (and that beginning) ' Thus, verily, thus,'

  253. 11.253

    प्रतिगृह्याप्रतिग्राह्यं भुक्त्वा चान्नं विगर्हितम् ।जपंस्तरत्समन्दीयं पूयते मानवस्त्र्यहात्

    pratigṛhyāpratigrāhyaṃ bhuktvā cānnaṃ vigarhitam |japaṃstaratsamandīyaṃ pūyate mānavastryahāt

    He who desires to expiate sins great explanation of the words ' accompanied by (the recitation of) tl Vyahrz'tis and (of) the syllable Om/ is Nar.'s, who asserts that the indicate the necessity of reciting the G&yatri with the Siras tej

  254. 11.254

    सोमारौद्रं तु बह्वेनाः मासं अभ्यस्य शुध्यति ।स्रवन्त्यां आचरन्स्नानं अर्यम्णां इति च तृचम्

    somāraudraṃ tu bahvenāḥ māsaṃ abhyasya śudhyati |sravantyāṃ ācaransnānaṃ aryamṇāṃ iti ca tṛcam

    That man who, having accepted presents which ought not to be accepted, or having eaten forbidden food, mutters the Taratsamandiya (Rz'&as), becomes pure after three days.

  255. 11.255

    अब्दार्धं इन्द्रं इत्येतदेनस्वी सप्तकं जपेत् ।अप्रशस्तं तु कृत्वाप्सु मासं आसीत भैक्षभुक्

    abdārdhaṃ indraṃ ityetadenasvī saptakaṃ japet |apraśastaṃ tu kṛtvāpsu māsaṃ āsīta bhaikṣabhuk

    But he who has committed many sins, be- comes pure, if he recites during a month the (four verses) addressed to Soma and Rudra, and the three verses (beginning) ' Aryaman, Varu;za, and Mitra,'

  256. 11.256

    मन्त्रैः शाकलहोमीयैरब्दं हुत्वा घृतं द्विजः ।सुगुर्वप्यपहन्त्येनो जप्त्वा वा नम इत्यृचम्

    mantraiḥ śākalahomīyairabdaṃ hutvā ghṛtaṃ dvijaḥ |sugurvapyapahantyeno japtvā vā nama ityṛcam

    A grievous offender shall mutter the seven verses (beginning with) ' Indra,' for half a year ; but he who has committed any blamable act in water, shall subsist during a month on food obtained by

  257. 11.257

    महापातकसंयुक्तोऽनुगच्छेद्गाः समाहितः ।अभ्यस्याब्दं पावमानीर्भैक्षाहारो विशुध्यति

    mahāpātakasaṃyukto'nugacchedgāḥ samāhitaḥ |abhyasyābdaṃ pāvamānīrbhaikṣāhāro viśudhyati

    A twice-born man removes even very great guilt by offering clarified butter with the sacred texts belonging to the .Sakala-homas, or by muttering the Rik9 (beginning) ' Adoration.'

  258. 11.258

    अरण्ये वा त्रिरभ्यस्य प्रयतो वेदसंहिताम् ।मुच्यते पातकैः सर्वैः पराकैः शोधितस्त्रिभिः

    araṇye vā trirabhyasya prayato vedasaṃhitām |mucyate pātakaiḥ sarvaiḥ parākaiḥ śodhitastribhiḥ

    He who is stained by mortal sin, becomes pure, if, with a concentrated mind, he attends cows for a year, reciting the Pavamani (hymns) and sub- sisting on alms.

  259. 11.259

    त्र्यहं तूपवसेद्युक्तस्त्रिरह्नोऽभ्युपयन्नपः ।मुच्यते पातकैः सर्वैस्त्रिर्जपित्वाघमर्षणम्

    tryahaṃ tūpavasedyuktastrirahno'bhyupayannapaḥ |mucyate pātakaiḥ sarvaistrirjapitvāghamarṣaṇam

    Or if, pure (in mind and in body), he thrice repeats the Sawhita of the Veda in a forest, sancti- fied by three Paraka (penances), he is freed from all crimes causing loss of caste (pataka).

  260. 11.260

    यथाश्वमेधः क्रतुराट्सर्वपापापनोदनः ।तथाघमर्षणं सूक्तं सर्वपापापनोदनम्

    yathāśvamedhaḥ kraturāṭsarvapāpāpanodanaḥ |tathāghamarṣaṇaṃ sūktaṃ sarvapāpāpanodanam

    But if (a man) fasts during three days, bath- ing thrice a day, and muttering (in the water the hymn seen by) Aghamarsha^a, he is (likewise) freed from all sins causing loss of caste.

  261. 11.261

    हत्वा लोकानपीमांस्त्रीनश्नन्नपि यतस्ततः ।ऋग्वेदं धारयन्विप्रो नैनः प्राप्नोति किं चन

    hatvā lokānapīmāṃstrīnaśnannapi yatastataḥ |ṛgvedaṃ dhārayanvipro nainaḥ prāpnoti kiṃ cana

    As the horse-sacrifice, the king of sacrifices, removes all sin, even so the Aghamarsha/za hymn effaces all guilt.

  262. 11.262

    ऋक्संहितां त्रिरभ्यस्य यजुषां वा समाहितः ।साम्नां वा सरहस्यानां सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते

    ṛksaṃhitāṃ trirabhyasya yajuṣāṃ vā samāhitaḥ |sāmnāṃ vā sarahasyānāṃ sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate

    A Brahma/za who retains in his memory the iv?/g-veda is not stained by guilt, though he may have destroyed these three worlds, though he may eat the food of anybody.

  263. 11.263

    यथा महाह्रदं प्राप्य क्षिप्तं लोष्टं विनश्यति ।तथा दुश्चरितं सर्वं वेदे त्रिवृति मज्जति

    yathā mahāhradaṃ prāpya kṣiptaṃ loṣṭaṃ vinaśyati |tathā duścaritaṃ sarvaṃ vede trivṛti majjati

    He who, with a concentrated mind, thrice recites the i?z/£sawhita, or (that of the) Ya^ur-veda, or (that of the) Sama-veda together with the secret (texts, the Upanishads), is completely freed from all sins.

  264. 11.264

    ऋचो यजूंषि चान्यानि सामानि विविधानि च ।एष ज्ञेयस्त्रिवृद्वेदो यो वेदैनं स वेदवित्

    ṛco yajūṃṣi cānyāni sāmāni vividhāni ca |eṣa jñeyastrivṛdvedo yo vedainaṃ sa vedavit

    As a clod of earth, falling into a great lake, is quickly dissolved, even so every sinful act is en- gulfed in the threefold Veda.

  265. 11.265

    आद्यं यत्त्र्यक्षरं ब्रह्म त्रयी यस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठिता ।स गुह्योऽन्यस्त्रिवृद्वेदो यस्तं वेद स वेदवित्

    ādyaṃ yattryakṣaraṃ brahma trayī yasminpratiṣṭhitā |sa guhyo'nyastrivṛdvedo yastaṃ veda sa vedavit

    The RikdiS, the Ya^us(-formulas) which differ (from the former), the manifold Saman(-songs), must

Commentary

265 verses, 258 aligned to Bühler's 1886 English translation. Manusmriti is one of the more ideologically loaded texts in the Indian canon — its rules on caste, gender, and punishment have been read in radically different ways across time. We host the public-domain Bühler; modern critical translations (Olivelle 2005) include important historical context.