| Introduction: Like any other philosophy, Indian philosophy grew out of religion. But to say so is to oversimplify and even to mislead, because the words philosophy and religion do not mean exactly the same to the I... [More]
Carvaka: The first, strongest and the extremist reaction against the Mimamsa school was expressed by Carvaka, who belonged to the later Vedic (Brdhmana, about 600 BC) times. He seems to have been called Lokaya... [More]
Mimamsa: The Vedas were interpreted as teaching two basic philosophies, the philosophy of a life of unceasing activity and that of contemplative life, although in the tradition of philosophical ideas created b... [More]
Nyaya: Gautama (about 400 BC) was the founder of the logical tradition in India. It may be that there were others who developed logic earlier for we come across words denoting logic in much earlier literatur... [More]
Vaisesika: The Vaisesika tradition, started by Kanada (about 400 BC), is pluralistic, realistic and theistic; it supplied metaphysical theories to the Nyaya and adopted its epistemological and logical theories. ... [More]
Sankhya: The word sankhya means exact knowledge, which involves exact discrimination. The word sankhya, in which the first 'a' is shortened, means number; and the Sankhya philosophy counts a definite number of... [More]
Yoga: The Yoga of Patanjali is a meta-psychological technique based upon the philosophy of the Sankhya. Its metaphysics is metapsychology based upon the principle that the outward reality has its roots in t... [More]
Vedanta: After presenting the activist tradition of the Mimamsa, which built up its philosophy on the earliest philosophical ideas about life contained in the Vedas, the heterodox traditions of the Carvakas, J... [More]
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